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[[Category:OPS235]][[Category:OPS235 Labs]]
=Fedora 19 17 Installation (on Main Host - f19hostf17host)=
:* Although this will be a simple install, this Fedora Operating System will be a platform for other Virtual Machine Fedora installations (in future labs). Therefore, it is very important that you take the time to carefully read and perform ALL steps, and take time to check your work.
:* After performing the Fedora19 Fedora17 DVD installation, you will collect baseline information about your Fedora GNU/Linux system, and perform some post installation configuration to prepare your system for the remainder of the labs.
==Objectives==
# Perform a GNU/Linux installation using the Fedora 19 17 distribution# Investigate information during and after the Fedora 19 17 installation
# Perform an update after a recent installation
==Required Materials (Bring to All Labs)==
* Fedora 17 LIVE CD* Fedora 19 17 x86_64 Installation DVD (4.1 GB)* SATA Hard Disk (in removable disk tray - storage capacity at least 250 GB)
* USB Memory Stick
* Lab Logbook
==Prerequisites==
==Resources on the web==
Additional links to tutorials and HOWTOs:
:* [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/1917/html/Installation_Guide/ Fedora 19 17 Installation Guide]
=Performing Lab 1=
==Investigation 1: How to Perform a Fedora DVD Install on Your Removable Hard Drive ==
=== Part 1: Beginning Installation Simple Things === {{Admon/tip|Viewing Lab Notes AND Performing Installation|It is useful to be able to view your OPS235 lab1 notes while performing your Fedora DVD installation. Do you see a problem here? Hint: you can print-out lab1 instructions prior to performing lab1, or you may be able to view lab1 instructions on a portable (possibly hand-held) device. You can also do the same for other labs, although you can easily switch between your host machine and other Virtual Machines in labs 2-8.|}}
# Insert your '''removable SATA hard disk''' into the drive tray.
# Set your computer's drive selector switch to '''external''' (a.k.a ''position #4'').
# Power up the computer and insert the '''Fedora 19 Full 17 Installation DVD''' into the CD/DVD drive. '''Note: do <u>NOT</u> use the Live CD - that will be used later in lab2...'''
# Wait until the Fedora DVD boots (could take a few moments).
{{Admon/important|Booting from DVD/CD and External Drives Boot-up Issues (Fedora17) in Seneca's Computer labs|Please following If for some reason, the steps below to properly Fedora17 Installation DVD does not boot from your CD/DVD:
:* Restart the computer, and '''press the function key F10 to specify the device to boot''' (eg. DVD drive).
:* Choose the DVD drive from the list of devices avalable for boot.
:* You will need to perform this technique to ensure that Fedora boots from the hard drive (in future labs).
:* If you have tried this technique, and the Fedora Installation DVD does not boot, you may have to burn a new Fedora Installation DVD. Note: Follow the same procedure when booting to your external hard disk in future lab sessions at Seneca's labs.|
}}
<ol>
<li value="5">Note the time at the beginning of your installation.</li>
<li>When the Fedora19 Fedora17 Installation DVD boots, it will prompt the user to test the media (i.e. DVD) for integrity. Since time is limited for installation in the default languagelab, select '''SKIP'''. On the other hand, if the install did not work, then you can test out the integrity of the DVD in the computer lab during your spare time. </li> <li>Select the default language ('''English''') in the next install screen, and click '''ContinueNext'''.</li> <li>You will be brought to an Select the default '''keyboard layout''' and '''Basic Storage Devices''' in the following installation summary screenscreens.</li> <li>Verify that Set your hostname (name of the Keyboard is set computer) to <big>'''English (English (US))f17host'''</big> (one word, no space, all lowercase).</li> <li>Verify Set your time zone to '''Toronto'''. Note that "Gnome Desktop" the system (BIOS) clock is the default software selectionset to local time, not UTC.</li> <li>Click on the '''Date & Time''' iconRoot Password: enter a password of your own choosing. Pick one that is hard to guess to protect your system. Select for the city of '''Toronto''' (you can type, select, or click on Recommendation: use the graphical region on first letter and all the map)punctuation from a favorite phrase or song verse. When finishedFor example, "To be or not to be, click on that is the '''Done '''button located in question!" could become the top left-hand corner. This will return you to the installation summary screenpassword "Tbontb,titq!").</li>
</ol>
=== Part 2: Partitioning ===
{{Admon/importanttip |Manual vs Automatic PartitioningYou're supposed to use this hard drive only for this course|By default, the Fedora19 installation DVD will want But if you really need to automatically select the partitions that will be created during the installation process. It is important to NOT select the default partitioning processuse it for two courses, since you will be required to make customized partitions such as '''/var/lib/libvirt/images''' and also assign customized sizes the professor for the partitions. Please carefully follow the instructions below other (probably windows) course will allow it - ask your professor for correct setuphelp with partitioning. Not carefully following the instructions below can result in having to redo the entire installation process!|}}
<ol>
<li>In the installation summary screen, click the If you get a warning with something like "This device may contain data" - it'''Installation Destination''' icon (under the Storage section).</li> <li>Verify that s probably your new hard disk is the default destination for install (i.e. check mark underneath hard disk icon). Click the '''Done''' button. </li> <li>An '''Installation Options''' dialog box should appear. Select "'''I want to review/modify my disk partitions before continuing'''" drive and make certain that the '''Partition Scheme''' is set to '''LVM'''. Click the Continue button.</li> <li>A '''Manual Partitioning''' screen should appear. This is the screen where you can customize your partitioning informationsafely use it.</li> <li>Ignore the "Select '''New Fedora 19 InstallationCreate Custom Layout'''" section. Instead, Click the "we don'''Fedora Linux 19 for X86_64'''" t want to expand use the section. Delete each partition in that section by clicking on each partition (eg. /, /home. swap), and click the minus button "-" on the bottom left-hand-side to delete and verify that you want to delete those partitionsFedora default setup now.</li> <li>When all the partitions are removed, click on the plus sign on the bottom left-hand-side to create your partitions.On your hard drive you will need to create at least the following partitions. These may be primary partitions or logical drives. If you have more space than 250GB available - you can add the extra space in equal parts to '''/home''' and '''/var/lib/libvirt/images'''</li> <ul><li>'''50GB20GB''' for '''/''' (i.e. "root")</li> <li>'''500 MB30GB''' for '''/boot'''</li> <li>'''40GB''' for '''/home'''</li>
<li>'''8GB''' for '''swap''' (Note: "swap" must be selected from the drop down menu)</li>
<li>'''100GB''' for '''/var/lib/libvirt/images'''</li></ul>
<li>Record briefly in your lab logbook what partitions you created of what size and what device names were assigned to them (/dev/sda1, etc.).</li>
</ol>
=== Part 3: Completing Installation ===
<ol>
<li>Click Select in the next screen the '''DoneGraphical Desktop''' buttonapplications, and click '''Accept Changes'in the additional repositories section (at the bottom) accept the default settings, then proceed. You may look at what's available if you choose "Customize now" but you don' t need to customize the software installed at this point.</li> <li>Add in your lab logbook a brief description of the Summary of Changes dialog box to return term "software repository" and what its major purpose serves (what you think it does). We will not add any existing repositories since we are not currently connected to the installation summary screenInternet. Therefore, we will customize the repositories later.</li> <li>Click '''Begin InstallationProceed with the installation. This may take some time''' to proceed with . Record in your lab log-book the <u>general</u> steps in the installation process (displayed in the installdialog box).</li> <li>During the When installation processis complete, you should notice two icons to create a password screen will confirm completion, and create a regular ask the user account. You are required to create a root password and you must create one regular user account (user creation).{{Admon/important|Creating Effective and Easy-To-Remember Passwords|Pick a password that is hard to guess to protect your system. (Recommendation: use remove the first letter DVD, and all reboot the punctuation from a favorite phrase or song versecomputer. For example, "To be or not to be, that is Write in your lab log-book the question!" could become the password "Tbontb,titq!"). A password strength indicator is provided time it took to recommend if the password is weak or strong. Obviously, a stronger password is betterperform this DVD Fedora install.|}}</li> <li>Remove the Fedora Installation DVD, and click '''Reboot'''.</olli>
<li>When the system starts, set or accept the time and date default.<ol/li> <li value="4">Note: the "Performing post-installation setup tasks" runs Create a user account for several minutes. When yourself using the installation process is completesame user ID as your learn account, and create a screen will prompt the user to finish configuration (or to confirm completion). The user should make certain to remove the DVD prior to rebooting the computer from the hard disk drivesuitable password.</li> <li> Write Normally, you would want to enable '''Network Time Protocol''', but since we will be experimenting with the networking turned off in your lab log-book the time later labs, '''leave it took to perform this DVD Fedora installdisabled'''.</li> <li> Click on '''Do Not Send Hardware Profile'''.</li>
<li>Finish the post-installation customization, wait for the login screen to appear, and then login to your computer account and your created (i.e. your name).</li>
</ol>
'''Answer the Investigation 1 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
==Investigation 2: Obtaining Operating System InformationHow many file packages and files are installed on the system?==
'''For the rest of the tasks in this lab, you must login to your installed Fedora system using your Learn account, open a terminal and execute the following listed Linux commands to obtain information for your lab-logbook''' (lab1). If you get a Permission Denied message when trying to execute a command, then switch to the '''superuser''' account by running the command '''su -''' and type in your password for "root" (since you are the main administrator for your Fedora system). Once the intended command is executed, type "exit" to exit from the superuser account and return to your regular Learn account.
{{Admon/tipimportant|Using Superuser Privilege|Throughout this course, you may need to execute commands using the privileges of the the administrative user (username "root", also called the "superuser"). To switch from your account to the root account, type the command: <code>su</code>
After switching user notice and make note of the change in your shell prompt. Also note the difference in output for the <code>whoami</code> and <code>pwd</code> commands.
'''Whenever this is required, make a note of it, and determine why superuser privilege is required.'''
Navigate through your Graphical Fedora system, '''locate and run a terminal program (in order to issue Linux commands). Issue and record the commands used and the output generated in each of the following steps:''' <!-- /root/install.log not available in Fedora 19 Full Install DVD
# The name of the installation log file is <code>'''/root/install.log'''</code> -- It is an ASCII file (how can you be sure?) which can be viewed with the <code>'''less'''</code> command.
:: <code>'''rpm -q -a'''</code>
:: <code>'''rpm -q -a | wc -l'''</code>
:: <code>'''rpm -qa | wc -l'''</code>
<ol>
<li value="54">The <code>'''-q'''</code> option means query, and the <code>'''-a'''</code> option means all (in other words, query all installed software packages).</li> <li>Enter the following command and record Did you get the same number:</ol>:: <code>'''rpm -qal | wc -l'''</code>::::::What is the difference between of packages from the commands: rpm -qa and rpm -qalabove two methods? (Refer to the online man pages for the rpm command for an answer).:: <ol/li> <li value="7">Some of the files on your system were installed with the software packages, and some were created by system activity (for example, by creating your Learn account and by logging in). If you know the package name (from the <code>install.log</code>), you can list all the files that were installed from the package by using the following command:</li>
</ol>
:: <code>'''rpm -q -l package_name'''</code><br />(where '''package_name''' represents the name of the ''application'' or ''package'')
<ol>
<li value="86">This combines the <code>'''-q'''</code> (query) option with the <code>'''-l'''</code> (list filenames) option</li>
<li>You can pipe the outupt through <code>'''wc -l'''</code> to count the number of lines:</li>
</ol>
:: <code>'''rpm -ql package_name| wc -l'''</code>
<ol>
<li value="108">To obtain specific information regarding Using what you learned in steps 3, 4, and 7, get a specific program, you can combine count of the <code>'''-q'''</code> (query) option with total number of files installed by all of the <code>'''-i'''</code> (info) optionsoftware packages on your system. Issue the following command to obtain detailed information regarding the '''gnome-terminal''' application:</li></ol>::<code>'''rpm -qi gnome-terminal'''</code> <ol> <li value="11">To find out the name that you have assigned to your Linux system, enter the command: <code>'''hostname'''</code></li> <li>Issue the following command: <code>'''hostname f19host'''</code></li> <li>Re-issue the <code>hostname</code> command (or open a new terminal). What happened?</li> <li>Note: simply using the hostname command to set the hostname only works during the current running session. In order to permanently (persistently) set the hostname, issue the following command as root user: <br /><code>'''hostnamectl set-hostname f19host'''</code> <li>Reboot, notice that the hostname has been reset to the original. The hostname command doesn't result in a permanent change. To make a permanent change to the hostname edit the /etc/hostname file.</li>
<li>To find out the kernel version of your GNU/Linux workstation and the date it was created, enter the command: <code>'''uname -rv'''</code></li>
<li>To find out all the system processes running on your GNU/Linux workstation, enter the command: <code>'''ps -ef'''</code></li>
</ol>
{{Admon/important|Pathname for USB Stick|The procedure has changed to refer to the usb device for distributions prior to Fedora19 Fedora17 (eg. /media/usb-device-name). For Fedora19Fedora17, the new device pathname is:<br /><b>/run/media/userloginid/usb-device-name</b> .<br /><br />Note: You can press the <b>tab</b> key to guess what the userloginname/usb-device-name is...}}
<ol>
<li value="1913">Copy the installation log file <code>'''ps/root/install.lstlog''' from your </code> and the file '''/rootps.lst''' directory to a USB memory key for backup purposes (Note: you can also use the , or '''scp''' command to backup the ps.lst file to your matrix account if you wish)as a backup.</li>
</ol>
{{Admon/tip |Backup up to your USB Key|When your USB key is inserted into your computer, the device is recognised and assigned a name. You can view your USB drive by issuing the command <code>ls /run/media/yourusername</code> and view the mounted devices. Then you can issue a Linux command as "super-user" to copy the files to your USB device.}}
<ol>
<li value="2014">View the section below to learn about and perform an update on your fresh Fedora install (you may have to find spare time to perform this install if you are running short on lab time). '''Do <u>not</u> proceed to Investigation 3 without performing an update'''.</li>
</ol>
'''Answer the Investigation 2 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
{{Admon/tip |Rusty Issuing Linux commands since ULI101?|To be an effective Linux administrator, you need to become comfortable on issuing Linux commands in a shell, and use resources to quickly learn how to properly formulate Linux commands...<br /><br />You can run the following online tutorials to practice (refresh) issuing Linux commands. These tutorials were designed for another course called "OPS435", but you can still use them for practice. Simply open a shell, SSH into the Matrix server (eg. ssh yourusername@matrix.senecac.on.ca) and run the following 4 tutorials (you can copy and paste these separate pathnames and run like a program):<br /><br />'''/home/ops435/tutorials/tutorial1<br />/home/ops435/tutorials/tutorial2<br />/home/ops435/tutorials/tutorial3<br />/home/ops435/tutorials/vi-tutorial'''<br /><br />You can also refer to the section above called '''Linux Command Online Reference''' to see how use use the following Linux commands to obtain the required information.}}
# To check the network configuration settings obtained from the DHCP server, run the following commands, describing the output in your log book:
#* '''ifconfig''' (look for a connection like "'''em1'''" - this should be your network interface for your machine).
#* '''route'''
#* '''nslookup''' (at the > prompt, enter the word "server" (do not type the quotes) and record the output. Type exit to leave nslookup).<br /><br />
#* '''MAC address''' (physical or hardware address) of the ethernet network interface
#* '''Subnet mask'''
#* '''The IP address''' (logical address) assigned by the DHCP server (record both IPV4 and IPV6 addresses. We will discuss IPV4 vs IPV6 in lab6...)
#* '''The default route''' (gateway)
#* '''The DNS nameserver'''
{{Admon/important|SELinux|SELinux stands for '''Security-Enhanced Linux'''. It is a component that helps to better secure the system to protect against intrusion (hackers). Usually, SELinux is enabled upon the default install of Fedora. SELinux can be a good thing, if you take care of it and are aware that it is enabled or disabled. It is recommended that you '''disable SELinux by default''' for this course, since you will be communicating with other virtual machines and can cause machines NOT to communicate.}}
# Disabling SELinux on Fedora is actually quite simple, just edit the file '''/etc/selinux/config''' and change the following line to look like this:
* Can login with your "learn" account name
* Has the package and package file counts* Correct hostname (f19host)count* Has correct size partitions for: (Hint: Can issue '''lsblk''' (listblock command)):* '''root /''' (50GB), '''/boot''' (500MB20GB), '''/home''' (40GB30GB), '''swap''' (8GB)
:* '''/var/lib/libvirt/images''' (100GB)
:* Hint:Can issue '''lsblk''' (listblock command)* Has the correct IP address (both IPV4 and IPV6) and MAC address* Default Find out the default route (gateway)
* IP of the DNS name server
* Name and contact information on your disk pack
# How many packages were installed?
# How many files (correct to the nearest hundred) were installed?
# How many users were created automatically on your system? (do not count your learn account)?
# What is your learn account's UID and GID?
# What is your learn account's home directory?
# What is the home directory for the user "root"?
# How do you determine the host name of your GNU/Linux workstation?
# What command can display the NIC's MAC address?
