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[[Category:OPS235]][[Category:OPS235 Labs]]
=Fedora 17 19 Installation (on Main Host - f17hostf19host)=
:* Although this will be a simple install, this Fedora Operating System will be a platform for other Virtual Machine Fedora installations (in future labs). Therefore, it is very important that you take the time to carefully read and perform ALL steps, and take time to check your work.
:* After performing the Fedora17 Fedora19 DVD installation, you will collect baseline information about your Fedora GNU/Linux system, and perform some post installation configuration to prepare your system for the remainder of the labs.
==Objectives==
# Perform a GNU/Linux installation using the Fedora 17 19 distribution# Investigate information during and after the Fedora 17 19 installation
# Perform an update after a recent installation
==Required Materials (Bring to All Labs)==
* USB Memory Stick
* Lab Logbook
(Note: Fedora 19 LIVE CD is not used in lab1)
==Prerequisites==
==Resources on the web==
Additional links to tutorials and HOWTOs:
:* [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/1719/html/Installation_Guide/ Fedora 17 19 Installation Guide]
=Performing Lab 1=
# Insert your '''removable SATA hard disk''' into the drive tray.
# Set your computer's drive selector switch to '''external''' (a.k.a ''position #4'').
# Power up the computer and insert the '''Fedora 17 19 Full Installation DVD''' into the CD/DVD drive.'''Note: do <u>NOT</u> use the Live CD - that will be used later in lab2...'''
# Wait until the Fedora DVD boots (could take a few moments).
{{Admon/important|Boot-up Issues (Fedora17) Booting from DVD/CD and External Drives in Seneca's Computer labs|If for some reason, Please following the Fedora17 Installation steps below to properly boot from your CD/DVD does not boot:
:* Restart the computer, and '''press the function key F10 to specify the device to boot''' (eg. DVD drive).
:* Choose the DVD drive from the list of devices avalable for boot.
:* You will need to perform this technique to ensure that Fedora boots from the hard drive (in future labs).
:* If you have tried this technique, and the Fedora Installation DVD does not boot, you may have to burn a new Fedora Installation DVD. Note: Follow the same procedure when booting to your external hard disk in future lab sessions at Seneca's labs.|
}}
<ol>
<li value="5">Note the time at the beginning of your installation.</li>
<li>When the Fedora17 Fedora19 Installation DVD boots, it will prompt the user to test the media (i.e. DVD) for integrity. Since time is limited for installation in the lab, select '''SKIP'''default language. On the other hand, if the install did not work, then you can test out the integrity of the DVD in the computer lab during your spare time.</li> <li>Select the default language ('''English''') in the next install screen, and click '''NextContinue'''.</li> <li>Select the default '''keyboard layout''' and '''Basic Storage Devices''' in the following You will be brought to an installation screenssummary screen.</li> <li>Set your hostname (name of Verify that the computer) Keyboard is set to <big>'''f17hostEnglish (English (US))'''</big> (one word, no space, all lowercase).</li> <li>Set your time zone to '''Toronto'''. Note Verify that "Gnome Desktop" is the system (BIOS) clock is set to local time, not UTCdefault software selection.</li> <li>Root Password: enter a password Click on the '''Date & Time''' icon. Select for the city of your own choosing. Pick one that is hard to guess to protect your system. '''Toronto''' (Recommendation: use you can type, select, or click on the first letter and all graphical region on the punctuation from a favorite phrase or song versemap). For exampleWhen finished, "To be or not click on the '''Done '''button located in the top left-hand corner. This will return you to be, that is the question!" could become the password "Tbontb,titq!")installation summary screen.</li>
</ol>
=== Part 2: Partitioning ===
{{Admon/tip important|You're supposed Manual vs Automatic Partitioning|By default, the Fedora19 installation DVD will want to automatically select the partitions that will be created during the installation process. It is important to use this hard drive only for this course| But if NOT select the default partitioning process, since you really need will be required to use it make customized partitions such as '''/var/lib/libvirt/images''' and also assign customized sizes for two courses, and the professor for partitions. Please carefully follow the other (probably windows) course will allow it - ask your professor instructions below for help with partitioningcorrect setup.Not carefully following the instructions below can result in having to redo the entire installation process!|}}
<ol>
<li>If you get a warning with something like "This device may contain data" - itIn the installation summary screen, click the '''Installation Destination'''s probably icon (under the Storage section).</li> <li>Verify that your new hard drive disk is the default destination for install (i.e. check mark underneath hard disk icon). Click the '''Done''' button. </li> <li>An '''Installation Options''' dialog box should appear. Select "'''I want to review/modify my disk partitions before continuing'''" and make certain that the '''Partition Scheme''' is set to '''LVM'''. Click the Continue button.</li> <li>A '''Manual Partitioning''' screen should appear. This is the screen where you can safely use itcustomize your partitioning information.</li> <li>Select Ignore the "'''Create Custom LayoutNew Fedora 19 Installation'''" section. Instead, we donClick the "'t ''Fedora Linux 19 for X86_64'''" to expand the section. Delete each partition in that section by clicking on each partition (eg. /, /home. swap), and click the minus button "-" on the bottom left-hand-side to delete and verify that you want to use the Fedora default setup nowdelete those partitions.</li> <li>When all the partitions are removed, click on the plus sign on the bottom left-hand-side to create your partitions.On your hard drive you will need to create at least the following partitions. These may be primary partitions or logical drives. If you have more space than 250GB available - you can add the extra space in equal parts to '''/home ''' and '''/var/lib/libvirt/images'''</li> <ul><li>'''20GB50GB''' for '''/''' (i.e. "root")</li> <li>'''30GB500 MB''' for '''/boot'''</li> <li>'''40GB''' for '''/home'''</li>
<li>'''8GB''' for '''swap''' (Note: "swap" must be selected from the drop down menu)</li>
<li>'''100GB''' for '''/var/lib/libvirt/images'''</li></ul>
{{Admon/important|Careful with /var/lib/libvirt/images pathname spelling and size|You must take time to correctly spell the pathname for the '''/var/lib/libvirt/images''' directory. This pathanme is used later to store the virtual machine images from lab2 installs. If you do not take time to properly spell this directory name, you will have to make corrections before proceeding to lab2! |
}}
<li>Record briefly in your lab logbook what partitions you created of what size and what device names were assigned to them (/dev/sda1, etc.).</li>
</ol>
=== Part 3: Completing Installation ===
<ol>
<li>Select in the next screen Click the '''Graphical DesktopDone''' applicationsbutton, and in the additional repositories section (at the bottom) accept the default settings, then proceed. You may look at whatclick '''Accept Changes''s available if you choose "Customize now" but you don't need to customize in the software installed at this point.</li> <li>Add in your lab logbook a brief description Summary of the term "software repository" and what its major purpose serves (what you think it does). We will not add any existing repositories since we are not currently connected Changes dialog box to return to the Internet. Therefore, we will customize the repositories laterinstallation summary screen.</li> <li>Click '''Proceed with the installation. This may take some timeBegin Installation'''. Record in your lab log-book to proceed with the <u>general</u> steps in the installation process (displayed in the dialog box)install.</li> <li>When During the installation is completeprocess, you should notice two icons to create a screen will confirm completion, password and create a regular user account. You are required to create a root password and ask the you must create one regular user account (user creation).{{Admon/important|Creating Effective and Easy-To-Remember Passwords|Pick a password that is hard to remove guess to protect your system. (Recommendation: use the DVD, first letter and reboot all the computerpunctuation from a favorite phrase or song verse. Write in your lab log-book For example, "To be or not to be, that is the question!" could become the time it took password "Tbontb,titq!"). A password strength indicator is provided to perform this DVD Fedora installrecommend if the password is weak or strong. Obviously, a stronger password is better.|}}</li> <li>Remove the Fedora Installation DVD, and click '''Reboot'''.</liol>
<li>Finish the post-installation customization, wait for the login screen to appear, and then login to your computer account and your created (i.e. your name).</li>
{{Admon/tip|Unlocking Screen & Disabling Screen Lock|By default, your account will go into screen-saver (lock-out) mode after a few minutes of inactivity. Usually, you will need to enter your user password to return to your desktop. '''The Gnome 3 desktop environment requires that you click and drag your mouse pointer upwards in order to access and enter your password'''. Although locking your screen is a good security precaution, it can be annoying while performing labs. To '''disable''' the screen lock feature: '''Right-click''' on your username at the top right-hand corner, click '''Settings''' in the context menu, click the '''Privacy''' icon, and click the "'''on'''" value by the lock option to turn ''Automatic Screen Lock'' to '''OFF'''. When finished, click the '''Close''' button, and then close the Settings screen.|}} <livalue="7">Proceed to Investigation 2</li>
</ol>
'''Answer the Investigation 1 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
==Investigation 2: How many file packages and files are installed on the system?Obtaining Operating System Information==
'''For the rest of the tasks in this lab, you must login to your installed Fedora system using your Learn account, open a terminal and execute the following listed Linux commands to obtain information for your lab-logbook''' (lab1). If you get a Permission Denied message when trying to execute a command, then switch to the '''superuser''' account by running the command '''su -''' and type in your password for "root" (since you are the main administrator for your Fedora system). Once the intended command is executed, type "exit" to exit from the superuser account and return to your regular Learn account.
{{Admon/importanttip|Using Superuser Privilege|Throughout this course, you may need to execute commands using the privileges of the the administrative user (username "root", also called the "superuser"). To switch from your account to the root account, type the command: <code>su</code>
After switching user notice and make note of the change in your shell prompt. Also note the difference in output for the <code>whoami</code> and<code>pwd</code> commands.
'''Whenever this is required, make a note of it, and determine why superuser privilege is required.'''
# The name of the installation log file is <code>'''/root/install.log'''</code> -- It is an ASCII file (how can you be sure?) which can be viewed with the <code>'''less'''</code> command.
--># You can make use of this file Boot your computer from your hard drive (see instructions above to determine how many packages have been installed: complete display boot menu by pressing F10). Log into your regular user account.# Open a terminal by clicking the following command to count the number of packages that are labelled "Installing" '''Activities '''menu, and typing in the installation log filesearch area: '''terminal'''. A terminal program icon should appear:click on the icon to open a shell terminal.:# Issue the following command: <code>'''grep ________________ /root/install.log | wc su -l'''</code><ol> <li value="3"># Using the <code>rpm</code> command: you can also use the following commands to list all the installed packages, and the total number of packages installed:</li></ol>
:: <code>'''rpm -q -a'''</code>
:: <code>'''rpm -q -a | wc -l'''</code>
:: <code>'''rpm -qa | wc -l'''</code>
<ol>
<li value="45">The <code>'''-q'''</code> option means query, and the <code>'''-a'''</code> option means all (in other words, query all installed software packages). Did you get </li> <li>Enter the following command and record the same number of packages from :</ol>:: <code>'''rpm -qal | wc -l'''</code>::::::What is the difference between the above two methodscommands: rpm -qa and rpm -qal?(Refer to the online man pages for the rpm command for an answer).:: </liol> <livalue="7">Some of the files on your system were installed with the software packages, and some were created by system activity (for example, by creating your Learn account and by logging in). If you know the package name (from the <code>install.log</code>), you can list all the files that were installed from the package by using the following command:</li>
</ol>
:: <code>'''rpm -q -l package_name'''</code><br />(where '''package_name''' represents the name of the ''application'' or ''package'')
<ol>
<li value="68">This combines the <code>'''-q'''</code> (query) option with the <code>'''-l'''</code> (list filenames) option</li>
<li>You can pipe the outupt through <code>'''wc -l'''</code> to count the number of lines:</li>
</ol>
:: <code>'''rpm -ql package_name| wc -l'''</code>
<ol>
<li value="810">Using what To obtain specific information regarding a specific program, you learned in steps 3, 4, and 7, get a count of can combine the total number of files installed by all of <code>'''-q'''</code> (query) option with the software packages on your system<code>'''-i'''</code> (info) option.Issue the following command to obtain detailed information regarding the '''gnome-terminal''' application:</li></ol>::<code>'''rpm -qi gnome-terminal'''</code> <ol> <livalue="11">To find out the name that you have assigned to your Linux system, enter the command: <code>'''hostname'''</code></li> <li>Issue the following command: <code>'''hostname f19host'''</code></li> <li>Re-issue the <code>hostname</code> command. What happened?</li>
<li>To find out the kernel version of your GNU/Linux workstation and the date it was created, enter the command: <code>'''uname -rv'''</code></li>
<li>To find out all the system processes running on your GNU/Linux workstation, enter the command: <code>'''ps -ef'''</code></li>
</ol>
{{Admon/important|Pathname for USB Stick|The procedure has changed to refer to the usb device for distributions prior to Fedora17 Fedora19 (eg. /media/usb-device-name). For Fedora17Fedora19, the new device pathname is:<br /><b>/run/media/userloginid/usb-device-name</b> .<br /><br />Note: You can press the <b>tab</b> key to guess what the userloginname/usb-device-name is...}}
<ol>
<li value="1316">Copy the installation log file <code>'''/root/installps.loglst'''</code> and the file from your '''ps.lst/root''' directory to a USB memory key, or for backup purposes (Note: you can also use the '''scp''' command to backup the ps.lst file to your matrix account as a backupif you wish).</li>
</ol>
<ol>
<li value="1417">View the section below to learn about and perform an update on your fresh Fedora install (you may have to find spare time to perform this install if you are running short on lab time). '''Do <u>not</u> proceed to Investigation 3 without performing an update'''.</li>
</ol>
'''Answer the Investigation 2 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
{{Admon/tip |Rusty Issuing Linux commands since ULI101?|To be an effective Linux administrator, you need to become comfortable on issuing Linux commands in a shell, and use resources to quickly learn how to properly formulate Linux commands...<br /><br />You can run the following online tutorials to practice (refresh) issuing Linux commands. These tutorials were designed for another course called "OPS435", but you can still use them for practice. Simply open a shell, SSH into the Matrix server (eg. ssh yourusername@matrix.senecac.on.ca) and run the following 4 tutorials (you can copy and paste these separate pathnames and run like a program):<br /><br />'''/home/ops435/tutorials/tutorial1<br />/home/ops435/tutorials/tutorial2<br />/home/ops435/tutorials/tutorial3<br />/home/ops435/tutorials/vi-tutorial'''<br /><br />You can also refer to the section above called '''Linux Command Online Reference''' to see how use use the following Linux commands to obtain the required information.}}
# To check the network configuration settings obtained from the DHCP server, run the following commands, describing the output in your log book:
#* '''ifconfig'''(look for a connection like "'''em1'''" - this should be your network interface for your machine).
#* '''route'''
#* '''nslookup''' (at the > prompt, enter the word "server" (do not type the quotes) and record the output. Type exit to leave nslookup).<br /><br />
#* '''MAC address''' (physical or hardware address) of the ethernet network interface
#* '''Subnet mask'''
#* '''The IP address''' (logical address) assigned by the DHCP server(record both IPV4 and IPV6 addresses. We will discuss IPV4 vs IPV6 in lab6...)
#* '''The default route''' (gateway)
#* '''The DNS nameserver'''
{{Admon/important|SELinux|SELinux stands for '''Security-Enhanced Linux'''. It is a component that helps to better secure the system to protect against intrusion (hackers). Usually, SELinux is enabled upon the default install of Fedora. SELinux can be a good thing, if you take care of it and are aware that it is enabled or disabled. It is recommended that you '''disable SELinux by default''' for this course, since you will be communicating with other virtual machines and can cause machines NOT to communicate.}}
# Disabling SELinux on Fedora is actually quite simple, just edit the file '''/etc/selinux/config''' and change the following line to look like this:
* Can login with your "learn" account name
* Has the package countand package file counts* Correct hostname (f19host)* Has correct size partitions for: (Hint: Can issue '''lsblk''' (listblock command)):* '''root /''' (20GB50GB), '''/boot''' (500MB), '''/home''' (30GB40GB), '''swap''' (8GB)
:* '''/var/lib/libvirt/images''' (100GB)
:* Hint: Can issue '''lsblk''' (listblock command)* Has the correct IP address (both IPV4 and IPV6) and MAC address* Find out the default Default route (gateway)
* IP of the DNS name server
* Name and contact information on your disk pack
# What is the home directory for the user "root"?
# How do you determine the host name of your GNU/Linux workstation?
# How do you determine the kernel version of your Linux system? Why is it important to know your Linux Kernel version?
# Why is it important to have a listing of running processes after your Linux system installation?
# What command can display the NIC's MAC address?
