Changes

:* In this lab, you are going to learn how to create This VM has a GUI and format partitionsno free space in the VG. You will be creating partitions by using both graphical and command VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree vg_fedora1 1 2 0 wz--n- 9.80G 0 LV VG Attr LSize lv_root vg_fedora1 -wi-ao 8.83G lv_swap vg_fedora1 -wi-ao 992.00M PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/vda2 vg_fedora1 lvm2 a-line using LVM and other Linux utilities 9.80G 0

:* Also in this lab, you will learn how to manage (add, delete, modify) user accounts on your Fedora systems. You will also learn how to create and maintain groups to allow users to share and protect data.'''fedora2'''

This VM has no GUI installed. VG #PV #LV #Identify and define major entries in the <code>/etc/passwd</code>, <code>/etc/shadow</code>, and <code>/etc/group</code> filesSN Attr VSize VFree vg_fedora3 1 3 0 wz--n- 9.80G 3.83G LV VG Attr LSize #Learn about partitions, and how to add "virtual partitions with LVM lv_home vg_fedora3 -wi-ao 1.00G #Learn how to create a "virtual partition" in a Virtual Machine lv_root vg_fedora3 -wi-ao 4.00G #Learn how to add and remove and modify user accounts lv_swap vg_fedora3 -wi-ao 992.00M #Learn how to create and manage groups PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/vda2 vg_fedora3 lvm2 a- 9.80G 3.83G

==Required Materials Four PVs, minimum VG size 60G Single filesystem on vg_main/root, size 50G At least 10G available space in VG 20% of disk space unallocated to any partition (Bring to All Labsmin 15G)==

* '''Fedora 16 LIVE CD''' - You can burn this onto a CD-R in the Open Lab* '''Fedora 16 x_64 Installation DVD''' - You can burn this onto a DVD-R in the Open Lab = Logical Volume Management (or burn image onto a DVD+R if you are using the Freedom ToasterContinued).* '''SATA Hard Disk''' (in removable disk tray)* '''USB Memory Stick''' (minimum 64M)* '''Lab Logbook (Lab4 Reference Sheet)''' (to make notes and observations).=

==PrerequisitesResources ==

* Completion and Instructor "Sign-off" '''Please read this page to get an overview of Lab 3LVM: '''<br /><br />('''Note:''' It is recommended to return to this guide as a reference when performing the next several investigations).<br /><br />* [[OPS235 Lab 3Logical Volume Management]]

==Linux Investigation 1: How are LVMs are managed using Command Online Reference-Line Tools ==Each Link below displays online manpages for # You are going to repeat the same LVM management operations (as your did with the ''fedora2'' VM in '''lab3'''), but you will using command-line tools in the '''fedora 3''' VM. Since the fedora3 VM only operates in command-line mode, you will need to refer to the '''"Logical Volume Management"''' link above.# Write down the exact commands used at each step, and record appropriate command output:## Determine the current LVM configuration using the <code>pvs</code>, <code>vgs</code>, and <code>lvs</code> command.## Grow the home filesystem to 2G using the command <code>lvextend</code> and <code>resize2fs</code>.## Create a new 2G LV containing an ext4 filesystem and mount it at /archive (via [http:use <code>lvcreate</code>, <code>mkfs</code>, <code>mount</code>, edit the file <code>/etc/fstab</linuxmanpagescode>, and then reboot to confirm automatic mount).com## Copy the contents of <code>/ http:etc</code> into <code>/archive</linuxmanpagescode>.com]## Shrink <code>lv_archive</code> to 1G (use <code>umount</code>, <code>resize2fs</code>, <code>lvreduce</code>, and <code>mount</code>):

{|width="100%" cellpadding="5"|'''LVM Management Utilities:'''|'''User / Group Management:'''||- valign="top"|*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/vgs.8.php vgs]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/lvs.8.php lvs]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/pvs.8.php pvs]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/fdisk.8.php fdisk]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/lvextend.8.php lvextend]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/lvcreate.8.php lvcreate]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/pvcreate.8.php pvcreate]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/vgextend.8.php vgextend]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/mount.8.php mount]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/umount.8.php umount]|* [http://linux.die.net/man/5/passwd /etc/passwd File]* [http://www.linuxhowtos.org/Tips%20and%20Tricks/using_skel.htm /etc/skel File]* [http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/understanding-etcgroup-file/ /etc/group File]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/useradd.8.php useradd]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/userdel.8.php userdel]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/usermod.8.php usermod]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/groupadd.8.php groupadd]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/groupdel.8.php groupdel]  |} ==Resources on the web==Additional links to tutorials and HOWTOs: :* [[Logical Volume Management]] :* [http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/fdisk_partitioning.html Partitioning with fdisk]:* [http://www.linux-tutorial.info/modules.php?name=MContent&pageid=282 Mounting / Unmounting File-systems]:* [http://www.itwire.com/content/view/14446/53/ UID and GID explained] = Creating / Formatting / Mounting Partitions = {{Admon/note|Do not Shut-Down VMs Until Instructed|You will be running all 3 VMs eventually when performing this tutorial, Leave all VMs running until you are instructed to shut them down at the end of this lab.|}} == Investigation 12: How to Add can a PV be added to an existing VG (Graphical Method) ? == '''Perform this investigation on the VM named ''<u>fedora1</u>''.''' In this investigation we will be adding Add an additional '''2 GB''' virtual disk to our your ''<u>'''fedora1'''</u>'' system, and use it as an additional physical volume...:'''# Start <code>'''virt-manager'''</code>.

# Open the console window for ''fedora1''.# Select the menu option View>Details.# Click ''Add Hardware''button at the bottom left-hand corner.# In the ''Adding new virtual hardware'' window that appears, select a Hardware Type of ''"storage"'fedora1'and click ''"Forward"''.# Select Make certain option "Managed or other existing storage" is selected. Click on the menu option ''Browse'' button, then click on 'View'New Volume''.# Give the new virtual disk file a name of <code>fedora1b</code>, a format of ''raw'', with a ''DetailsMax Capacity'' and ''Allocation'' of 2000 MB. Click ''Finish''.# Select the new virtual disk file ''fedora1b.img'' and click ''Choose Volume''.# Click Select a device type of ''Virtio Disk''.# Finish creating the new virtual disk by clicking ''Forward'Add Hardware'and then ''Finish'' button at .# Boot the bottom left-hand cornersystem. You should now have both <code>/dev/vda</code> and <code>/dev/vdb</code>.# Make certain to remain Record the size of the volume group and the amount of free space (Hint: use a command that you learned in a previous lab).# Partition /dev/vdb with a single partition that fills the default section called "Storage"whole disk.# Make Check the messages printed when <code>fdisk</code> exits -- you may need to reboot the following selections system in order for the new partition table to take effect.# Run this "Storage" dialog boxcommand to format the physical volume: <code>pvcreate /dev/''vdb1''</code># Add the new physical volume to the existing volume group:<code>vgextend ''nameOfVolumeGroup'' /dev/vdb1</code># Verify that the volume group is larger and has more free space.

[[Image:lab4_inv_1.png{{Admon/note|thumbThink!|right|400px|Suggested settings in the The next part of this investigation requires some research, thought, and creativity.}}'''Storage''' dialog box to Using that additional space, create a separate filesystem for <code>/home</code>:'''virtual Hard Disk'''# Create the logical volume <code>lv_home</code> (1G ext4)# Find a way to move the contents of <code>/home</code> onto it.# Change your system configuration so that the new filesystem is mounted on <code>/home</code> from now on.]]

::* Under '''Create a disk image on {{Admon/tip|SELinux relabelling may be required|Your system may report that the Computer's Hard Drive''', change files are not present in the size new /home filesystem when they are clearly there. This is due to '''2 GB'''.::* Click on '''Select Managed or Other Existing Storage'''. You can specify a file pathname for the Hard Drive Security-Enhanced Linux system (refer SELinux) preventing access to diagramthe files, because the files were tampered with (moved)and are no longer recognized as home directory content. If no You can fix this problem by restoring the file pathname is provided, then the system will assign a name in context labels so that SELinux accepts the files as valid home directory content: <code>restorecon -r /var/lib/libvirt/images/home</code>.::* Select Device Type: '''Virtio Disk'''::* Select Storage Format: '''raw'''::* Click '''FINISH''' to proceed.}}

<ol>== Investigation 3: How can I use LVM to manage storage on my disk pack? == '''On your <li value="8"u>Boot the system. You should now have both f17host<code>/dev/vda</code> and <code>/dev/vdb</codeu>(i.e.</li> <li>Record the size "disk pack"), using your choice of the volume group GUI and the amount of free space (Hint: use a command that you learned in a previous lab).</li> <li>Refer to the following tutorial to use the <code>fdisk</code> or command-line tools: [http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/fdisk_partitioning.html Partitioning with fdisk]</li>''' <li>Use the <code>fdisk</code> command to create # Create a primary new logical partition for <code>/dev/vdb</code> with ('''NOT a single partition (number 1logical volume!''') that fills - minimum 5G, leaving at least 10G free space in the whole diskextended partition.</li> <li>Check # Add that partition as a PV into the existing VG (using the messages printed when <code>fdisk</code> exits -- commands you may need to reboot the system used in order for the new partition table to take effectprevious investigation).</li> <li>Run this command to format the physical volume: <code>pvcreate /dev/''vdb1''</code></li> <li>Add # Grow the new physical volume root filesystem to fill the existing volume group: <code>vgextend ''nameOfVolumeGroup'' /dev/vdb1</code></li> <li>Verify that the volume group is larger and has more free available space.</li></ol>

== Investigation 54: The /etc/passwd file ==

'''Answer the Investigation 5 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''  == Investigation 65: Adding users ==

{{Admon/note|Use f16hostf17host|Perform these steps in the '''f16hostf17host''' system. Due to a configuration issue, these steps may not work normally in the fedora1 virtual host (previous versions of this lab used fedora1 for this investigation).}}

#* What do you think these files are used for <span class="plainlinks">?

'''Answer the Investigation 6 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''  == Investigation 76: Managing Groups ==

'''Answer the Investigation 7 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''  == Investigation 87: Deleting users ==

# Check the contents of the /etc/group directoryfile. What do you notice?

'''Answer the Investigation 8 Be sure to record your observations / questions in your lab log booknotes.'''

 == Investigation 98: Modifying users ==

# What did you have to do in order to move is the home directories onto a new filesystem? Whypurpose of <code>/etc/shadow</code>?