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Chrome
,→What is Chrome?
In a nutshell, Chrome is the user interface of Mozilla products. The user interface is composed mostly of [[XUL]], [[XBL]], CSS, and JS files. (You can make changes to these files without needing to recompile the Mozilla project you're working on - which is an enormous timesaver, especially for people who are just starting out on Mozilla-based development).
If you look in the chrome subdirectory of your installation, you'll find .jar files - these contain the chrome files that make up the user interface. These jar files are actually just ZIP archives. Extensions are (usually) chrome applets. 90% of an [http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Extensions extension], typically is chrome.
In the XUL world, Chrome is the top level window which contains groups of UI elements of various types. Example of chrome are the <b>browser window</b> and <b>dialog window</b>.
=Chrome in depth=