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* 2001 - Apple releases MacOS, a Unix-like operating system based on the "Darwin" kernel
* 2007 - A consortium of developers called the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, releases the Android operating system for mobile devices. The Android platform is based on the Linux kernel.
== Anatomy of a Command Line Interface (CLI) ==
A CLI is provided by two programs:
# A ''terminal'' program, which is responsible for collecting user input and displaying the output from the shell and commands.
# A ''shell'', which interprets the user's written commands.
These may be on the same machine, or they may be on different computers. For example, it is common to access both Linux and Windows systems over a remote connection, using a protocol such as SSH (secure shell). In that case, the terminal program runs on the computer located with the user, and the shell runs on the remote computer system.
