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→INVESTIGATION 1: BOOTING KNOPPIX (LIVE LINUX) VIA VIRTUALBOX
===Main Objectives of this Practice Tutorial===
:* List Download and explain install the common '''Linux Installation MethodsVirtualBox'''VM software application
:* Define Download and explain run the purpose of using a '''Knoppix Live Linux distributionVirtualBox file'''in a virtual machine
:* Define Open a terminal and explain connect to your Matrix account via the purpose of '''Virtualizationssh'''<!-- :* Boot the '''Knoppix Live''' Linux distribution from MyApps/AppsAnywhere -->utility
:* Download and install Run several '''open-source applications''' in your graphical Knoppix Linux environment :* Understand the '''limitation''' of running Knoppix Liveas opposed to a ''' in a virtual machinepersistent''' Knoppix installation
<br>
| style="padding-left:15px;"|Knoppix Resources
* [https://www.knopper.net/knoppix/index-en.html Knoppix Website]
* [https://itas.senecacollege.ca/~uli101/Knoppix.zip Download Knoppix VirtualBox VM]
|colspan="1" style="padding-left:15px;" width="30%"|Instructional Videos:<ul><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rCU9d5EZaAY Install Knoppix as a Virtual Machine]</li></ul>
Having a Linux system on your home computer provides '''access ''' to a large library selection of '''open source software'''.<br>
Installing your own version of Linux on your notebook or desktop computer also can make it easier to practice working<br>in the Linux environment and '''learn ''' how to perform routine '''Linux OS administration tasks'''.
[[Image:distro-1.png|thumb|right|450px|Listing of Common Linux Distributions.<br>(Image licensed under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ cc])]]
''A '''Linux distribution''' (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system made from a software collection that is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system. Linux users usually obtain their operating system by downloading one of the Linux distributions, which are available for a wide variety of systems ranging from embedded devices (for example, OpenWrt) and personal computers (for example, Linux Mint) to powerful supercomputers (for example, Rocks Cluster Distribution)...''
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution
''Steps in the Linux Installation Process:''
* '''Select a Linux Distribution''' and '''download'a '' a Linux Distribution Install '''ISO''' file<br>to your Computer ('''Note:download''' Be aware of any required Hardware Requirements for the Linux OS prior to installation(ISO image file or VM file).)* '''Burn an Linux Distribution CD/DVDCreate''', or VM and '''USBinstall''', Linux Distribution or use '''downloaded file when creating a virtual machinerun'''VM file.* Once booted, the installation process '''transfers the live image to a disk (or flash memory)''' and configures the system.* For most distributions, the installation involves a '''guided graphical environment''' help assist with the Linux installation process.<br>
===Linux Installation Methods===
[[Image:stand-alone.png|thumb|right|250px|Linux is the only OS on the computer<br>(Image licensed under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ cc])]]
'''Standalone Installation'''
'''Dual-boot / Multi-boot Installation'''
'''Virtualized Virtual Machine Installation'''
[[Image:vm-player-menu.png|thumb|right|250px|VMware Player launch menu for Ubuntu Linux OS<br>(Image licensed under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ cc])]]
===Live Linux CD===
[[Image:linux-distro-2.png|thumb|right|150px|Knoppix is a popular Live Linux CD Distribution.<br>(Image licensed under[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ cc])]]
''A live CD (also live DVD, live disc, or live operating system) is a complete bootable computer installation including operating system which runs directly from a CD-ROM or similar storage device into a computer's memory, rather than loading from a hard disk drive. A Live CD allows users to run an operating system for any purpose without installing it or making any changes to the computer's configuration. Live CDs can run on a computer without secondary storage, such as a hard disk drive, or with a corrupted hard disk drive or file system, allowing data recovery.<br><br>As CD and DVD drives have been steadily phased-out, live CDs have become less popular, being replaced by live USBs, which are equivalent systems written onto USB flash drives, which have the added benefit of having write-able storage. The functionality of a live CD is also available with a bootable live USB flash drive, or an external hard disk drive connected by USB.''
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_CD
The '''Knoppix Live CD id ''' is available to run on workstations at Seneca College via '''AppsAnywhere'''<br>or you can download and run it on your home computer via as a Virtual Machine<br>(requires '''AppsAnywhereVirtualBox'''VM software installed on your computer).<br><br><!--:''Steps to Run Knoppix from AppsAnywhere(Seneca Labs):''
<table align="right"><tr valign="top" ><td>[[Image:knoppix-3.png|thumb|right|280px|'''Launch Knoppix''' from '''Virtualbox''' menu.<br>(Image licensed under[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ cc])]]</td><td>[[Image:knoppix-4.png|thumb|right|200px|Click '''Switch''' to enter '''scale mode'''.]]</td></tr></table>
#Start your Seneca College lab workstation and login to your Seneca Windows account.
# '''Double-click''' on the Knoppix VM in the left window to launch this VM and click the '''Switch''' button when prompted to enter scale mode.
[[Image:knoppix-download.png|thumb|right|280px|'''Knoppix Download Webpage.]]
# Click on the following link to download the lastest knoppix ISO:<br>[https://www.knopper.net/knoppix-mirrors/index-en.html https://www.knopper.net/knoppix-mirrors/index-en.html]<br><br>
# If you are burning to a CD, click on the following link for instructions:<br>[https://www.wikihow.com/Install-Knoppix-Linux Install Knoppix LInux]<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you are burning to a USB, click on the following link for instructions:<br>[https://itstillworks.com/boot-knoppix-usb-6904288.html How to Boot Knoppix from USB]-->
<br><br>
=INVESTIGATION 1: BOOTING KNOPPIX (LIVE LINUX) VIA VIRTUALBOX=
<span style="color:red;">'''ATTENTION''': This tutorial relates to an interest topic and is NOT worth marks.</span><br><br> In this sectioninvestigation, you will first ''download '' and ''install '' the Virtualbox virtualization '''VirtualBox''' VM application on your home computer. You ,<br>then you will then ''download '' and unzip the '''Knoppix Live Distribution on VM''' file to your computer and create a virtual machine for Knoppix Linux. You will then ''launch'' the VirtualBox application by double-clicking the downloaded VirtualBox VM.<br>Once you launch the Knoppix Linux distribution, you will learn in '''INVESTIGATION 2''' to perform <br>a few basic operation operations in the '''Knoppix ''' Linux ''graphical '' Linux environment.
'''Perform the Following Steps:'''
[[Image:virtualbox-download.png|thumb|right|280px|Download page for '''VirtualBox''' VM application.]]
:<span style="color:red;"><b>ATTENTION</b>: If you receive an error message indicating that your computer is NOT<br>set to handle '''virtualization''', you need to <u>enable</u> virtualization in your notebook’s '''BIOS'''.</span>
<!-- Instructions to launch via myapps
# Start your computer and open a '''web-browser'''.<br><br>
# Click on the following link to launch AppsAnywhere: https://myapps.senecacollege.ca/<br><br>
# Click on the '''Search Apps''' area located in the top right corner of the MyApps window and type the word: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">knoppix</span><br><br>
# The ''Knoppix'' Linux Distribution will appear. <br><br>[[Image:knoppix-3.png|thumb|right|280px|'''Launch Knoppix''' from '''Virtualbox''' menu.<br>(Image licensed under[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ cc])]]
# Launch the '''Knoppix''' Linux distribution by clicking the '''Launch''' button.<br><br>''''''NOTE:'''''' Your '''file manager ''' will open and display both the '''Knoppix virtual machine icon''' and a '''Knoppix Installation ISO file'''. You will be launching the Knoppix Virtual machine in the '''Virtualbox''' application.<br><br>
# '''Double-click''' on the icon Knoppix.vbox in the Virtualbox menu.<br><br>
# Another dialog box will appear. '''Double-click''' on the '''Switch''' button when prompted to enter '''scale mode'''or '''Switch''' to scale mode.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You should notice that you can switch between your Knoppix VM and your Windows computer which is referred to as the '''host machine'''.<br><br>
-->
# '''Click''' the following link to access the '''Oracle Virtualbox''' application download website:<br>[https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads]<br><br>
# In this website, '''click''' the link corresponding to your '''computer's operating system'''<br>to download to your computer.<br><br>
# '''Install''' the downloaded '''Virtualbox''' VM application on your computer.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You may be required to allow '''authorization''' to run this program, select to install devices (if prompted) and to '''restart''' your computer after installation.<br><br>
# '''Click''' the following link to download the '''zipped''' (''compressed'') Knoppix Live Distribution<br>file to your computer: [https://itas.senecacollege.ca/~uli101/Knoppix.zip Knoppix Virtualbox VM]<br><br>'''NOTE:''' This file is approximately '''5GB''' in size and might take a while to download.<br><br>
# Open a '''File Manager''' application and '''navigate''' to directory that the '''Knoppix.zip''' file<br>was downloaded (eg. '''Downloads''').<br><br>[[Image:knoppix-file.png|thumb|right|280px|Knoppix VM file contained in the zipped file. '''Double-click''' '''Knoppix.vbox''' file to launch the '''Knoppix Live Linux''' Distribution.]]
# '''Unzip''' the downloaded zip file (In MS Windows: ''Right click'' and Select "''Extract All''" )<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The contents of this zipped file should appear in another file manager window.<br><br>
# Navigate to the folder containing the ''extracted zipped files'' and '''double-click''' the file called '''Knoppix.vbox''' to launch the Knoppix VM.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' By '''double-clicking''' on this file (even if the VirtualBox application is not running)<br>it will launch the VirtualBox application and start the Knoppix virtual machine.<br><br>'''For Mac Users:''' If you experience an error message regarding the Kernel extension,<br>click on '''System Preferences''', select '''Security and Privacy'''<br>and click to '''allow Oracle''' service extensions to run on your machine.<br><br>If you have difficulty running Knoppix on your home machine/laptop you may ask your <br>'''Learning Centre ULG leaders''' for additional help in troubleshooting why Knoppix<br>is not working on your home machine/laptop.<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:knoppix-start-menu.png|thumb|right|150px|'''Knoppix Start button''' (icon on the '''left''').]]</td><td>[[Image:knoppix-desktop.png|thumb|right|280px|The '''Knoppix Linux desktop environment''' has a similar look as the MS Windows desktop environment. (Image licensed under[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ cc])]]</td></table>
# If you are using MS Windows, look in the taskbar below to see if the Virtual Box application is running click to display that application window.<br><br>
# Click on the Start button (looks like a green arrow pointing to the right).<br><br>
# If prompted, '''click''' '''Scale''' or '''Switch''' to scale mode to proceed.<br><br>
# If using ''MS Windows'', click the mouse on the Knoppix screen and press '''ENTER''' to login.<br><br>
# Allow '''time''' for the Knoppix Linux distribution to start. This is a '''graphical Linux distribution''' which will start-up in a desktop environment.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You are '''NOT''' prompted for a ''username'' and ''password'' because this is a Linux Live distribution and you have been assigned a '''generic account'''.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you are using MS Windows, press the '''RIGHT CTRL''' key to change to other applications by pressing '''ALT-TAB'''.<br>When you want to use Graphical Linux (i.e. Knoppix screen), click in the screen to focus and use that screen.<br><br>
# '''Click''' the '''Knoppix Start button''' (refer to <u>left</u> icon in diagram on right). In the '''Knoppix menu''', select '''System Tools'''<br><br>[[Image:xterm.png|thumb|right|280px|The '''Konsole''' application will display the Bash shell to issue Linux commands.]]
# In the '''system tools''' menu, and select '''Konsole''' to launch a terminal application.<br><br>'''FYI:''' To '''increase''' font size, press '''ctrl+''' to '''reduce''' font size, press '''ctrl-'''.<br>You can drag the Konsole terminal window from the bottom-right corner<br>to increase the window size.<br><br>
# In the bash shell, issue the following Linux command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">whoami</span><br><br>What is the name of your generic Knoppix Linux Live account?<br>On your Knoppix live OS, there is a '''generic''' user called "'''knoppix'''" that can<br>be accessed <u>without</u> a password. This account has its own home directory.<br><br>Let's test this out by using the ssh command to connect to your Matrix account.<br>Your Knoppix virtual machine uses your host computer's operating system which<br>is already connected to '''Seneca's GlobalProtect VPN'''.<br><br>
<!-- # Issue the following Linux command to '''download''' a Bash Shell script to connect<br>to the '''Seneca GlobalProtect VPN''':<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">wget itas.senecacollege.ca/~mark.fernandes/vpn</span><br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to add execute permissions to be able to run this script:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">chmod +x vpn</span><br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to the '''/usr/bin''' directory so this script works like a command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">sudo mv vpn /usr/bin</span><br><br>
# Issue the following shell script to connect to the Seneca GlobalProtect VPN: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">vpn -c</span><br><br>You should be connected to the Seneca GlobalProtect VPN. <br>Let's test this out by using the ssh command to connect to your Matrix account.<br><br>
# We need the '''vpn -c''' command to <u>keep</u> running in this terminal; therefore, '''open <u>another</u> Konsole terminal'''.<br><br>
# In that '''<u>new</u>''' terminal, issue the following Linux command to connect to your Matrix account:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yourSenecaId@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>
# Enter '''yes''' to share your ''public key''.<br><br>
# When prompted, enter your '''password''' (remember that password does not "echo-back").<br><br>Were you able to connect to your Matrix account?<br><br>
-->
# Issue the following Linux command to connect to your Matrix account:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yourSenecaId@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>
# Enter '''yes''' to share your ''public key''.<br><br>
# When prompted, enter your '''password''' (remember that password does not "echo-back").<br><br>Were you able to connect to your Matrix account?<br><br>
# Confirm that you are in <u>your</u> '''home''' directory on your Matrix account.<br><br>
# Use a '''text editor''' (''nano'' or ''vi'') to create a file in your current directory called '''myvm.txt'''<br>and enter the following text displayed below. Make certain there are ONLY 3 lines:<br><br><span style="font-family:courier;font-weight:bold">This is line 1<br>This is line 2<br>This is line 3</span><br><br>
# '''Save''' editing changes and '''exit''' the text editor.<br><br>
# Confirm that you created this file and confirm that the contents of this file are correct.<br><br>Let's run a <b>shell script</b> to check that you created the '''myvm.txt''' file (with correct file contents) in your home directory.<br><br>
#Enter the following command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">~uli101/week7-check-1</span><br><br>
# If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive<br>a congratulations message, and proceed to the next step.<br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to '''terminate''' your Matrix session: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">exit</span><br><br>
# Remain in the '''Konsole''' ''terminal window'' when performing '''INVESTIGATION 2'''.<br><br>
=INVESTIGATION 2: USING THE GRAPHICAL KNOPPIX VM =
# Use the ''Knoppix start menu'' to select '''logout''', then select '''shutdown''' to terminate your Knoppix Linux Live session.<br><br>
# Repeat the steps Press '''ENTER''' when it indicates to launch '''Remove your CD'''.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' Although you are NOT using a new physical CD, this step is required to shut-down<br>your Knoppix Linux Live sessionand close your VirtualBox application.<br><br>[[Image:libreofficeKnoppix-file-manager.png|thumb|right|200px|The Graphical '''file manager''' for Knoppix.]]# '''Launch''' a new Knoppix Linux Live session (''[https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial7:_Installing_Linux_/_Live_Linux_/_Virtualization#INVESTIGATION_1:_BOOTING_KNOPPIX_.28LIVE_LINUX.29_VIA_VIRTUALBOX INVESTIGATION 1]'', '''LibreOfficestep #7''' application is the default word processor).<br>]]<br># Use the ''Knoppix start menu'' to '''launch ''' a '''<u>graphical </u> file manager'''<br>('''Hint:''' ''Accessories'' -> ''Files'').<br><br># In the file manager, search for your word processing document file and your downloaded shell script that you saved were contained on your home directory. Is there <br><br>Does your word processing document there. or your downloaded shell script exist?<br>If not, why?<br><br>[[Image:frozen-bubble.png|thumb|right|200px|The '''Frozen-Bubble''' arcade game.]]# Use Open the ''Knoppix start menu'' , select '''games''' and try running a few games<br>(a few recommendations are: '''Frozen Bubble''', and '''Extreme Tux Racer''').<br><br>Now that you have had an opportunity to shutdown use your Knoppix Linux Live session.distribution,<br><br># Work on let's shutdown the VM and move onto the Linux practice questions located at the bottom of this tutorial.<br><br> # Open the ''Knoppix start menu'' and select '''logout''' and '''shutdown''' to end your Knoppix Live session.<br><br>
= LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS =
# Explain why installing '''Multi-boot''' for Linux is useful for '''computer troubleshooting'''.
# Define the term '''Virtualization'''.
<!-- # List the steps to boot the Knoppix Linux distribution from a Workstation at Seneca College.--># List the '''steps ''' to boot start the Knoppix Linux distribution from a CD or USB from your home computer.# List '''4 applications''' that are contained in the home pages of Knoppix Linux Live distribution.# Explain the difference between a '''Live Linux distributions shown in the distribution''' and an '''installed Linux distribution image above'''. [[Category:ULI101]]