Changes

{{Admon/caution|DO NOT USE THIS VERSION OF THE LAB. This page will no longer be updated.|'''New version here:''' https://seneca-ictoer.github.io/ULI101/A-Tutorials/tutorial1<br />'''Andrew's students please go here:''' http://wiki.littlesvr.ca/wiki/OPS145_Lab_1}}=LEARNING ABOUT USING YOUR MATRIX SERVER ACCOUNT=<br>===Main Objectives of this Practice Tutorial=== :* Understand the purpose of the Learn how to access your '''Matrix server''' server account (from home and the <u>'''advantage'''</u> of combining Linux servers or from Seneca computer lab).* Learn several ways to form a '''clusterexit'''. :* List the steps to connect to your Matrix server account from a remote computerLinux Account session. :* Learn to Effectively Use Understand the '''Command PromptLinux command structure''' (Linux and how to get '''shellhelp''')with Linux command usage. :* Perform the Become efficient with '''first two sections on the online assignment #1Linux command line editing''' to issue by using '''general Linux commandsshort-cut keys'''. :* Issue a '''checking program'''Exit(i.e. ''Shell Script' ') to '''confirm''' that you accessed your Matrix Linux Accountaccount. :* Perform '''Review QuestionsLINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS''' for '''additional Linux Command Practice'''<br><br>practice.

|colspan="2" |'''Slides:'''<ul><li>Week 1 Lecture 1 Notes:<br>[https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101slides/ULI101-Week11.1.pdf PDF] | [https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101slides/ULI101-Week11.1.pptx PPTX]</li></ulli>TutorialsWeek 1 Lecture 2 Notes:<ul><libr>[https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/uli101/slides/ULI101-1.2.pdf PDF] | [HOWTOhttps: Access Your Matrix Account]//wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/uli101/slides/ULI101-1.2.pptx PPTX]<br></li></ul>'''Tutorials:'''<ul><li>[httphttps://czegelwiki.cdot.senecacollege.comca/senecawiki/uli101/lectures/Lecture1.html Les Czegel's Week 1 Notes (HTML)Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#INVESTIGATION_1:_ACCESSING_YOUR_MATRIX_LINUX_ACCOUNT HOWTO: Access Your Matrix Account]</li></ul>'''Windows SSH client Software:'''<ul><li>[http://www.sfsu.edu/ftp/win/ssh/SSHSecureShellClient-3.2.9.exe SSH/SFTP]</li><li>[httphttps://thewww.chiark.earthgreenend.liorg.uk/%7Esgtatham~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.exe html Putty]</li><li>[https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-client-download Bitvise SSH Client]</li><li>[https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/download-home-edition.html MovaXterm]</li></ul>

| style="padding-left:15px;" |Logging Out of '''Matrix ServerAccount Access:'''

*[https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-typing-Ctrl+C-and-Ctrl+D-in-the-Linux-terminal &lt;ctrl&gt;&lt;d&gt;]<br>Account Access

Shell '''Command Line Editing:'''

| style="padding-left:15px;"|'''General Linux Commands:'''

|colspan="1" style="padding-left:15px;" width="30%"|'''Brauer Instructional Videos:'''<ul><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEH6i_BKOBo&list=PLU1b1f-2Oe90TuYfifnWulINjMv_Wr16N&index=2&t=0s L5RcOngDV_o Connecting to Matrix Using SSH Client, Starting the Assignments, and Running UBUNTU Within Windows 10]<br><br></li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wZmZOKLllk&list=PLU1b1f-2Oe90TuYfifnWulINjMv_Wr16N&index=2 Linux File System, Basic Navigation (ls, cd, pwd, tree), Absolute and Relative Paths]</li></ul>

===Purpose of Having a Your Student Account on Matrix Account===

While attending Seneca College, you will be using many different computer systems to perform various operations.

| style="padding-left:0px;width:10%" |'''mylearn.senecacollege.ca'''| style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Learning Content Management System (''Link to Resources'' / ''Student Grades / Notes / Online Quizzes) |-| style="padding-left:0px;width:10%" |''/ 'ict.senecacollege.ca'Online Quizzes''| style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Main ICT Webserver)

| style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Course WIKIs for Seneca College Students''Lecture Notes'' / ''Tutorials'' (weekly, review) / ''Practice Questions'' / ''Additional Learning Resources''

| style="padding-left:0px;width:10%" |'''<span style="color:blue;">matrix.senecacollege.ca</span>'''| style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Matrix is our Linux Account server environment used for Student Practice and Assignment submission"''hands-on practice''". Each ULI101 student has an account on this server.

[[Image:cli-prompt.png|thumb|right|120px|A '''shellThis requires that you ''' is an interface / interpreter connect to allow a user to communicate with the Linux computer system. ]]Although you need to study concepts throughout this course, you will also need to learn to server'''issue (Matrix) and memorize simple as well as more advanced Linux commandsbecome comfortable '''. This requires that you practice issuing Linux commands on a frequent basis to become more comfortable when working within the Unix and '''Linux command-line environments'''.

For this course, it is important to learn how to '''open a command prompt in order to issue commands to perform common tasks'''. In Unix/Linux, a '''shell''' is simply an '''interface / interpreter ''' to allow a user to communicate with the Linux computer system (server). Linux shells have evolved (improved) over a period of time. You will be using the '''Bash Shell''' which is considered to be ''user-friendly''. By understanding how to issue Linux commands, you can create a file consisting of that contains Linux commands and programming techniques (called a '''shell script''' (learned ) later in this course) to automate tasks to make you a more '''productive''' Linux user and system administrator.

===Layout of the Matrix Linux Server===[[Image:matrix-layout.png|thumb|right|350px250px|The Matrix server consists of several Virtual Computers all connected together to form a '''cluster'''. A cluster '''Linux Cluster''' is a '''cost effective''' alternative to larger servers. ]]

The '''Matrix server ''' consists of '''several Virtual Computers computers connected together''' to form a '''cluster'''. <br>A '''Linux cluster ''' is a '''cost effective''' alternative to buying larger servers.

All registered students in this course should have an account on the Matrix server.<br>You will be using this account for the following reasons:

:* Performing '''Linux Practice Tutorials'''('''11 Weekly Tutorials x 2% = 22% of your final grade'''):* Performing '''Linux AssignmentsPractice Questions''':* Performing '''Review Tutorial''' ('''38 Sections x 1% = 8% of your final grade''') ===Connecting to the Seneca Student VPN===[[Image:* Practice Issuing gp1.png|thumb|right|130px|'''Seneca Student VPN''' ]] All Seneca College students are required to connect to the '''Seneca Student VPN''' in order to be able to connect to their '''Matrix'''Linux Command Review Questionsaccount when outside of campus as a '''network security''' measure. The Seneca Student VPN uses multi-factor authentication (MFA) when logging in to verify you are who you say you are. ''<b>Multi-factor authentication</b> is an electronic authentication method in which a computer user is granted access to a website or application only after successfully presenting two or more pieces of evidence (or factors) to an authentication mechanism: knowledge (something the user and only the user knows).''Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-factor_authentication You should have received an e-mail message with instructions on how to set up your smartphone for multi-factor authentication. If you haven't installed it yet, please do so by following the ITS instructions here: https://students.senecacollege.ca/spaces/186/it-services/wiki/view/1025/student-vpn

In the next investigation, you will learn how ===Connecting to Your Matrix Account===[[Image:cls-shell.png|thumb|right|100px|Connect to Matrix via'''connectssh''' command]]There are two basic methods to and '''login''' connecting to your Matrix server account from a remote computer such as your '''home desktop computer''' or your '''laptop computer'''.<br><br>

=INVESTIGATION '''Method 1: ACCESSING YOUR MATRIX LINUX ACCOUNT=Run ssh Command from command prompt:'''

In this section, you will learn how :After connecting to access your Matrix Linux account by either using the '''AppsAnywhereSeneca Student VPN''' application,<br> downloading and installing you can open a '''command terminal''' in '''Windows application10 (or above)''', '''Mac''' or open a terminal and issue the '''sshLinux''' computer and issue the following command if you are using an Apple Mac computer:: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;">ssh senecauserid@matrix.senecacollege.ca<br/span>

[[Image:apps-anywheressh-main-window.png|thumb|right|250px100px|Connect to Matrix via '''MyApps''' ('''AppsAnywheregraphical''') Main Window SSH Program ]]If you were able access to one of Seneca computer labs, You could access an application to connect to your Matrix account via the '''Method 2: Run graphical ssh program via MyAppsin Seneca computer lab:''' application.

Since many students :If you are '''not''' permitted to access in a Seneca's computer labs at this time due to '''COVID19'''lab, you can install and use MyApps to run the a '''AppsAnywheregraphical SSH application''' application (which works in an identical way to MyApps) on a remote for your Windows computermachine. This application One advantage of using this method is an application streaming service that lets you install software on any are already at Seneca PC on demand. Any software application on the AppsAnywhere menu can be used on computers in classrooms, labs, and are NOT required to connect to the Computing Commonsstudent VPN.

Reference'''NOTE: https://inside.senecacollege''' You instructor may show you how to run a graphic Linux VM in order to connect to your Matrix account (if interested, refer to the optional tutorial at the end of this semester).ca/its/software/myapps/

=INVESTIGATION 1: ACCESSING YOUR MATRIX LINUX ACCOUNT={{Admon/important|ATTENTION: This weekly tutorial must be completed by '''NOTEFriday at 11:59pm in Week 2''' Although you can install and run the AppsAnywhere application on an Apple Mac computer, you will NOT have access to many obtain a grade of the Windows applications (including applications to connect to your Matrix account). In this case, you can open a '''terminal'2%'' towards this course.|It is essential that you complete these Weekly Tutorials fully and issue on time. These are your major learning tool in the '''ssh''' command to connect to your Matrix accountcourse. There are no late marks. }}

You In this section, you will now learn how to access your '''Matrix''' Linux account.by two different methods:

'''Perform the Following Steps===METHOD 1:'''CONNECTING TO YOUR MATRIX ACCOUNT FROM YOUR HOME COMPUTER===

[[Image:gp1.png|thumb|right|130px|The '''ATTENTION:Seneca Student VPN''' If you are using service must be connected.]]You will now learn a Apple Mac computer, or quick and simple method of connecting to your Matrix account by opening<br>a computer running the Linux text-based '''terminal''' (in any OS, you can refer to ) and issuing the procedures and proceed to ''INVESTIGATION 2'ssh command'''.<br><br>

'''Perform the Following Steps:''' # If you want to connect to your Matrix account from home, you MUST first connect to the Seneca Student VPN.<br>Make certain that your '''Seneca Student VPN is connected'''.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you haven't set this up, refer to the following link for instructions;<br>https://students.senecacollege.ca/spaces/186/it-services/wiki/view/1025/student-vpn<br><br>You only have to connect to your Seneca student VPN once during the day,<br>or while you are logged into your computer.<br><br># Determine which '''operating system''' that your computer is using.<br><br># Try connecting to your Matrix account using the instructions in the '''table''' below based on <u>your</u> '''current operating system'''.<br><br><table style="margin-left:50px;"> <tr valign="top"style="text-align:center;"> <th>'''Windows 10 (or above):'''</th> <th>'''macOS:''' </th> <th>'''Linux:''' </th> </tr> <tr> <td>*From the start menu, type '''cmd''' and launch program*In the command terminal, enter the following command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-size:.75em;">ssh senecausername@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span> </td>

*Click ''Launchpad'SSH from macOS:'icon, type ''<br>*Launch 'terminal''Terminal''' from the <br>and press '''finderENTER''' utility*On In the command lineterminal, enter the following command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-size:.75em;">ssh matrixusernamesenecausername@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span>*Enter your password when prompted.<br>Answer '''yes''' to any questions it may ask you.

<td>'''SSH from Linux:'''<br> *From the menu, choose :<br>'''Applications''' > '''System Tools''' > '''Terminal'''.*On In the command lineterminal, enter the following command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-size:.75em;">ssh matrixusernamesenecausername@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span>*Enter your password when prompted<br>(You will not see the cursor move but that's OK)

<table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ma_1.png|thumb|right|150px|Click on Login button.]]</td><td>[[Image:ma_2.png|thumb|right|150px|Enter # Start your Seneca email address.]]</td><td>[[Image:ma_3.png|thumb|right|150px|Authenticate via workstation in your Seneca username lab and password.]]</td></table># Open a web-browser on login to your Seneca Windows PCaccount.<br><br># Click on the following link: https://myapps.senecacollege.ca/<br><br># Click Make certain that the '''LoginMyApps''' button to proceedwindow is open.<br><br># When prompted, enter This window should have opened shortly after you logged into your your Seneca College email addressWindows workstation.<br><br># You will be taken to If the authentication dialog box: enter your Seneca College username and password.<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ma_4.png|thumb|right|150px|Click on application windows is not open, click on the blue area.]]</td><td>[[Image:ma_5.png|thumb|right|150px|Click on '''NextMyApps''' icon on the desktop to install the streaming applicationlaunch).]]</tdbr><tdbr>[[Image:apps-anywheressh-main-window.png|thumb|right|250px150px|'''MyApps''' ('''AppsAnywhere''') Main SSH Client Application Window ]]</td></table># A dialog box appears to offer a choice of actions. You need to install an application to support the Apps Anywhere streaming service.<br>Click on the <span style="color:bluered;font-weight:bold;">blue</span> area to install the application.<br><br># Click on '''Next''' to proceed with installing the streaming application.<br><br># You should notice that the '''AppsAnywhere''' main application window appears.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You may see a '''Validation be required to validate in Process''' (or a '''validation successful''') message appear order to use MyApps correctly.<br>Although your applications are displayed, If you <u>cannot</u> launch them until see near the validation process is successful.<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ma_validation.png|thumb|right|175px|Validation in Process Message in AppsAnywhere. ]]</td><td>[[Image:ma_system_tray.png|thumb|right|175px|Starting '''Cloudpaging''' Service in your '''System Tray'''. ]]</td><tr></table>You can tell if of the system is still validating if an red exclamation mark <span style=screen "color:red; font-weight:boldrequires validation">!</span> appears in the application icon.<br><br>If the validation process is taking a long time, try opening the '''Cloudpaging''' service in the '''system tray''' located in the right side of the taskbar (you may need to then click on that area to display ALL services and then double-click the '''Cloudpaging''' application connect to launch)validate.</span><br><br># After your AppsAnywhere session has been validated, click Click on the '''Search Apps''' area located<br>in the top right corner of the AppsAnywhere MyApps window and type the word: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ssh</span><br><br>[[Image:apps-anywhere.png|thumb|right|250px|Several SSH applications will appear. We will use the application called '''SSH Client''' for this practice tutorial. ]]

# Launch the '''SSH Secure Shell Client''' application icon to launch this program.<br><br>[[Image:quick-connect-window.png|thumb|right|150px|Quick Connect Dialog Box ]]'''TIPNOTE:''' Prior to launching the application, you can add this to your '''favourites''' which will make it faster<br>to access this application in the future.<br><br><span style="color:blue">'''NOTE #1''': If you experience a problem launching any of your applications, you should note that there is a '''Cloudpaging Player''' application<br>that lists applications launched. If your application did '''NOT''' launch properly, '''right click''' on each listed application and select '''remove''' from the menu.<br>Then re-launch your application from the AppsAnywhere page (the IT service desk indicated that this can occasionally occur).<br><br>'''NOTE #2''': If you have problems starting the SSH Secure Shell Client application, you can manually download and install this application.<br>Here is a direct link: http://www.sfsu.edu/ftp/win/ssh/SSHSecureShellClient-3.2.9.exe</span><br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ma_6.png|thumb|right|150px|'''Cloudpaging Player''' Application Window ]]</td><td>[[Image:ssh-main-window.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Client Application Window ]]</td></tr></table># The main SSH Client window will appear. Click on the '''Quick Connect''' button.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The Connect dialog box allows the user to specify the '''server name''' and your '''account name'''<br>to allow you to connect to the server.<br><br>[[Image:quick-connect-window.png|thumb|right|150px|Quick Connect Dialog Box ]]# Click on the textbox labelled Hostnanme and enter the text: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">matrix</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You can use the hostname '''matrix''' since you are located <u>inside</u> Seneca's network.<br>If you where located <u>outside</u> Seneca's network, then you would need to enter the full domain name: '''matrix.senecac.on.ca'''<br>You will be using the latter hostname since you will be connecting to your Matrix account remotely and not within the college.<br><br>[[Image:share-public-key.png|thumb|right|150px|Dialog Box to Share Public Key on Remote Server ]]# When connecting securely for the '''first time''', a dialog box will appear to share a "public key" with your Matrix account in order to make your interaction between your workstation and the remote Linux server secure within the network (i.e. encrypted to prevent unauthorized access by other users)<br><br>'''FYI:''' To make communications over a network secure, a computer generates '''two keys''': a '''private key''' that is kept on the computer, and a '''public key''', which can be shared with other computers. Transmissions from your computer uses the private key to encrypt ('''scramble''') transmission to the remote computer, which in turn, uses the public key to decrypt (unscramble) the transmission. Likewise, the remote computer uses the public key to encrypt (scramble) transmissions and your computer uses the private key to decrypt ('''unscramble''') those transmissions.<br><br>[[Image:ssh-password-prompt.png|thumb|right|150px|Password Dialog Box ]]

# Click '''OK''' or press '''ENTER''' at the '''Authentication Response''' dialog box.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you encounter an '''error message''', this can occur for several reasons:<ol><li>You mis-spelled the '''name of the server'''</li><li>You mis-spelled your Matrix '''username''' (same username that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)</li><li>You have '''CAPS LOCK''' on by mistake (your username should be '''lowercase''' only).</li><li>You mis-spelled your '''password''' (same password that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)</li></ol><br>If you encountered an error logging in, issue the same steps to connect to your Matrix account,<br>but carefully check your server name, username and your password. If you continue to experience the same problems,click on the following link for IT service desk contact info: <br>you can email the computer help desk at [https://students.senecacollege.ca/spaces/190/support/wiki/view/1473/contact-its '''servicedesk@senecacollege.caIT service desk'''].<br><br>[[Image:ssh-shell-window.png|thumb|right|150px|Matrix Shell Command Line Interface ]]#If you entered your password correctly, the main SSH Linux shell should appear where you enter Linux commands.<br><br>The '''Matrix''' server has been configured to allow users to '''only interact with the Linux OS by issuing commands'''. There are various reasons for this, but the main 2 reasons are to '''force students to learn how to issue Linux commands''' as well as '''limitations to remote access to a graphical Linux server''' due to large number of users (students).<br><br>Later in the course, your instructor may demonstrate other ways of accessing '''graphical versions of Linux''', and how to launch a shell terminal.<br><br>[[Image:ssh-settings-window.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Settings Dialog Box ]]<br><br><span style="font-family:courier;"><b>TIP:</b> In future sessions, you can run your SSH application from AppsAnywhere by opening the '''Cloudpaging''' service from the '''system tray''' on the right-side of the Windows taskbar and '''double-click''' on the the listed SSH Client application in the list.<br><br>

# You now should notice that you have customized your SSH shell terminal. You can use the settings screen to also change your background and text '''colours''' if you are interested in doing so.<br><br>

In the next investigation, you will learn how to issue Linux commands from the command prompt (referred to as the "shell"), learn how to get help with Linux commands, use command-line editing short cut keys, and run a program to confirm that you connected to your Matrix account in order to get marks for this online tutorial. =INVESTIGATION 2: USING THE LINUX SHELL =In this investigation, you will learn how to setup use the Linux Shell. Topics in the section include: :* Learn the basic '''Linux command structure''' (''arguments'' and perform the first two sections of ''options''):* Learn how to get '''help''' for Linux commands via the '''online ULI101 assignment #1manual''' (i.e. '''man''' command).:* Perform '''Basic Shell Editing''':* Issue a '''program''' to confirm that you connected to your Matrix account ==Linux Command Structure== The Bash shell allows you to interact with Linux by typing commands.<br>

=INVESTIGATION 2'''The basic Linux command structure is as follows: USING THE LINUX SHELL / ONLINE ASSIGNMENTS ='''

<brspan style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">In this section, you will learn how to use the Linux Shellcommand argument1 argument2 . Topics in the section include:.. </span>

:* Learn the Some Linux commands can be used as-is (e.g. '''pwd''', ''Linux command structure'date''' (arguments and options):* Learn how to get , '''helpls''' for Linux commands with manpages (, '''mancal''' command), but many Linux commands can also be issued with arguments (e.g.:* Learn '''Basic Shell Editingcal 2002''':* Learn how to perform , '''online assignmentscd /bin'''.:* Perform the , '''first two sections of online assignment #1ls -l -a /bin''').<br><br>

The Bash shell An argument is used to change the default behaviour of a command. Arguments come in Matrix allows you to interact with your Matrix account by issuing commandsthree major forms: # A command '''option'''.#* Example: <code>-l</code># A '''file pathname'''.#* Example: <code>/etc</code># A series of characters (i.e. '''text''') that the command can use.#* Example: <code>"Hello, world."</code>

Some Linux commands can be issued by entering the Linux command line without arguments (e.g. '''pwdAn ''', argument'''date''', '''ls''', '''cal'''),<bru>but some Linux commands can must be issued with separated</u> from a command (and from other arguments ) by whitespace (e.g. a '''cal 2002SPACE''', '''cd /binMULTIPLE SPACES''', or a '''ls -laTAB''' ).<br><br>

'''Linux Command StructurePerform the Following Steps:'''

# Confirm that you are logged into your Matrix account.# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span>#* '''Explanation:''' The output from this Linux command argument1 argument2 shows your '''current location''' on the Matrix server (otherwise known as your '''p'''resent '''w'''orking '''d'''irectory).This represents a '''directory pathname''' to your home directory.We will discuss ''pathnames'' later in this course.# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls</span>#* '''Question:''' What do you notice?#* '''Answer:''' If there are any files in your home directory, only their file names are displayed. # Change your directory location by issuing the following command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cd /etc</span># Issue the following Linux command to confirm your changed current location: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span>#* '''Result:''' Your Linux session should display <code>/etc/</code> when running this command. If your output is different, retrace your steps to make sure you haven't skipped anything or had a typo in a command.# Issue the following Linux command again: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls</span>#* '''Question:''' What do you notice? How is this different from the last time you ran it?# Re-run the ls command using an '''option''': <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls -l</span>#* '''Question:''' What do you notice?#* '''Answer:''' The '''-l''' option combined with the '''ls''' command displays a '''detailed''' ("''long''") listing of the same files, providing you with more information about each file. This is called metadata (data about data), and includes information such as last modified date, file size, ownership and permissions.# Return to your home directory: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cd</span># Now confirm you've changed back to your home directory: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span>#* '''Result:''' The shell should display <code>/home/''yourusername''</code># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls /bin</span># Issue the following Linux command to confirm your current location: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span>#* '''Question:''' What do you notice?#* '''Question:''' What makes this command with that argument useful if you are currently located in your home directory?# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">clear</span>#* '''Question:''' What do you notice? Why is this command helpful?#* '''Tip:''' The shortcut keys to clear the screen for the Bash shell are: <span style="font-family:courier;color:font-weight:bold">ctrl-l</span># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">who</span>#* '''Question:''' What information does this command show?#* '''Answer:''' This command lists users that are logged into the same Linux server as yourself.#* '''NOTE:''' Remember that the Matrix Linux cluster contains several servers (or nodes). It won't display all users logged into the cluster, only the ones on the same node as you. # Issue the following Linux command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">whoami</span>#* '''Question:''' What does this command display?#* '''Question:''' What do you think is the purpose of this command?# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cal</span>#* '''Question:''' What does this command do?# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cal 2035</span>#* '''Question:''' How and why is the output different?# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cal 2 2035</span>#* '''Question:''' What do each of these numbers do?#* '''Question:''' What do you think would happen if you reversed the order of those arguments? (i.e. cal 2035 2)

An With the Linux OS containing over '''argument2500''' is <u>separated</u> from a command commands and utilities, it's important for Linux users and Linux system administrators (or from other argumentssysadmin) by a '''SPACE''', '''multiple spaces''' or a '''TAB'''to learn how to use commands “on-the-fly”.

For example:* The '''lsman''' command displays utility is an interactive collection of manual pages that provides information on how to use a listing of filenames in the '''current''' directory* The '''ls /bin''' given command displays a listing of filenames in the '''/bin''' directory (as opposed to your current directory)* The '''ls -li.e. ''' command displays a usage'''detailed, ''' listing of filenames in the acceptable command arguments'''current, ''' directory* The '''ls -l /bin''' command displays a options'''detailed, ''' listing of files in the examples'''/bin''' directory).

You will now learn how to perform '''Getting Help with Linux Commandscommand line editing'''to correct syntax errors while typing Linux commands PRIOR to pressing the ENTER key.

With the Linux OS containing over ==Command Line Editing==[[Image:command-line-editing.png|thumb|right|520px|Command Line Editing Shortcut Keys. ]]Learning '''2500shortcut keys''' commands and utilities, it is good for in any OS terminal will allow you to be more productive as a ''Linux user '' or ''Linux System Administrator'' (commonly referred to as: '''Linux sysadmin to learn about how to use commands “on-the-fly”''').

The Let'''man''' command s learn a few common Bash Shell keyboard shortcut keys and find out where you can provide information on how to use a command access online help for additional shortcuts (i.e. '''usage''', '''arguments''', '''options''', '''examples'''if required).<br>The commands are classified into sections or '''volumes'''.

# Make certain that you are logged into your Matrix account.<br><br># Issue the following command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">man man</span><br>How many volume numbers are contained in the man pages Professors will require students successfully perform these online tutorials for marks (like '''executable commands/programs''', '''games''', or '''system administrator commands'''within a deadline)?<br><br># Press the letter <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">q</span> to exit the man command.<br><br># Issue the Linux command to get help with the command: '''ls'''<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You can use the following short-cut keys within the man command to <br>help navigate throughout this utility to get help with the ls command (refer In order to table below):<br><br><table cellpadding="3"><tr><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Keyboard Shortcut</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Purpose</th></tr><tr><td>'''ENTER'''</td><td>Move down one line</td></tr><tr><td>'''SPACEBAR'''</td><td>Move one screen down</td></tr><tr><td>'''&lt;ctrl&gt;&lt;f&gt;'''</td><td>Move one screen up</td></tr><tr><td>'''/pattern/'''</td><td>Search for Pattern</td></tr><tr><td>'''q'''</td><td>quit man utility</td></tr></table><br># Navigate through the man utility for the '''ls''' Linux command and note the option letters confirm that correspond to the following:<br><ul><li>Include directory entries whose names begin with you successfully performed a '''period'''</li><li>List in long ('''detailed''') format</li><li>'''Recursively''' list subdirectories encountered</li><li>'''Sort''' files by size</li><li>Display a '''forward slash''' (`/') immediately after each pathname that is a directory</li></ul><br># Exit the man utility for the ls command.<br><br># Issue the ls command for each of those option letters tutorial, you wrote down to see how this command differs for each option.<br><br>NOTE: The '''man''' utility can will be used with the '''-k''' option required to help list Linux commands that match run a text pattern that is contained within the help screen for a Linux command.<br><br># Although we will not be learning about pipeline commands program (using the | character) until or in latertutorials, try issuing the following pipeline command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">man -k copy | grep 8</span><br>How this this pipeline command make it easier to obtain information regarding man command?<br><br># If you wish to change your password, you can change it by issuing the command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">passwd</span><br>What option for the passwd command can be used to change user info (such as nameseveral programs)?<br>'''Hint:''' use the '''man''' command for '''passwd'''.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You are NOT required to change your Matrix password for this tutorial. The Matrix server is "synched" with the my.senecacollege.ca server, so it is better to have your Matrix password changed at the same time prove that you change your '''myseneca''' passwordsuccessfully completed tasks in a tutorial and get marks.<br><br>

Learning If you have correctly completed the required tasks, the user can proceed. If the checking shell script detects an '''shortcut keyserror''' in any OS terminal , then it will provide feedback to allow you the student to be more productive as fix that problem so they can re-run the checking shell scripts until they have successfully completed a sysadmin. You will focus on learning a few common Bash Shell keyboard shortcut keysand learn where you can access online help for additional shortcuts (if required)task.

# Type Make certain that your current directory is '''your home directory''' by entering the following Linux command, but DON’T press the ENTER key: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">cd /bin</span><br><br># Press the * <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-a</span> key combination. What happens?<br><br># Press the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">alt-F</span> key combination (OPTION+right-arrow for Mac OSx). What happens?<br><br># Press the <span style="colorfamily:bluecourier;font-weight:bold">ctrl-wcd</span> shortcut. What happens?<br><br># Type Issue the following commandto run a checking script: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls</span><br><br># Press the * <span style="color:blue;font-weightfamily:bold">ctrl-e</span> key combination and press <span style="courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ENTER<~uli101/span><br><br># Press the up arrow key. What happens?<br><br># Press the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrlweek1-ucheck</span> key combination. What happens?<br><br># Press the <span style="color* '''Note:blue;font-weight:bold''' The beginning character ">up arrow</span> key combination, and see what happens when you press <span style='''~'''"color:blue;font-weight:bold">BACKSPACE</span> , <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">&lt;ctrl&gt;&lt;BACKSPACE&gt;</span> and <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">&lt;ctrl&gt;&lt;h&gt;</span>is called '''tilde'''. Why You get this character by pressing '''SHIFT''' + '''`''' (which is it important the key to know those series the left of key combinations?<br><br>the number 1 on your keyboard). # Press the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-u</span> key combination to Your screen should clear the lineand indicate that you have proved that you have successfully logged in.<br><br># Press the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-l</span> key combination. What happens? What is the advantage of using this key combination then issuing the An email will be sent to your Seneca email as '''clearconfirmation''' command?in case your ULI101 professor is assigning marks to these tutorials.#* Keep those confirmation email messages for the duration of this semester as proof that you have completed those checking scripts in case there is a discrepancy in tutorial grades.<br><br>!-- NOTE: ONLINE ASSIGNMENTS ARE RETIRED AND REPLACED WITH ONLINE TUTORIALS and REVIEW QUESTIONS

You are required to perform '''3 online assignments''' during throughout this course. This online assignment is used to teach and reinforce Linux commands are techniques as well as using <br>Linux commands to perform tasks gain experience for '''quizzes''', '''test 1''' (midterm) and tests students on their knowledge of issuing Linux commands'''test 2''' (final).

In this sectioninvestigation, you will learn to :* '''select Select the correct section''' for your online assignments, how to perform assignment submission* Perform the '''first two sectionssection''' and '''3 parts of the second section''' of assignment #1, how to * '''verifyVerify''' that you successfully completed both sections, and how to * '''exitExit''' your online assignment #1.

[[Image:assignAssn-initial-windowwindow3.png|thumb|right|250px|Initial Assignment Window to Allow Student to Select Correct Course Section. ]]# In your Matrix account, issue the following command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier">~uli101/assign1a1</span><br><br># Press '''ENTER''' at the "Notes" screen.<br><br># A screen similar to the one displayed on the right will appear.<br><br><span style="color:red;">'''WARNING''': You need to select the <u>'''CORRECT'''</u> section for the course which you belong to.<br>If you do <u>NOT</u> select your correct section, your assignment may not be recorded for marks!</span><br><br># Determine your '''ULI101 three-letter course section code''' from your timetable.<br><br># Select the '''3 letter(s)code''' corresponding to the <u>correct</u> '''ULI101 <u>section</u>''' and '''professor''' and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ENTER</span><br><br>

# The assignment main menu will then be displayed.<br><br>'''NOTES:'''<ul><li>Near the bottom of the window, you will see '''"You are currently registered to"''' followed by the '''section letter''' and '''instructor name'''. Double-check your course timetable to confirm that this the correct section letter. If you have selected the WRONG section, type <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">C</span> in the menu selection area and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ENTER</span>. You will return back to the original window to select your correct course section.<br><br></li><li>Near the top of the window displays the sections to complete in the assignment. You are NOT required to complete all sections at the same time. You can check the assignment #1 link on the ULI101 main WIKI page to note the due date for assignment #1. Sections that are NOT completed will be displayed in '''reverse text with a blue background'''. On the other hand, when you compete a section, then the section will appear as regular text<br>(i.e not in reverse text).<br><br>[[Image:assn-completed-window.png|thumb|right|250px|Main Assignment Window to Confirm Which Sections Have or Have Not Been Completed. ]]</li><li>If you want to verify that you have completed sections for the assignment, look for the text '''"Marks earned so far for ULI101 Assignment:"''' and it will show how many sections have been completed. When it shows all sections completed, then your assignment is finished and you should receive full marks provided that you have selected your correct course section.<br><br></li></ul># At the '''Selections Available''' menu assignment #1 window, enter <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">1</span> in the menu selection area to begin the first section called '''"Introduction to Unix Commands"'''.<br><br>

# In order to exit the assignment #1 screen, enter <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">q</span><br><br># Re-run the command that you did in step #1 and go to the '''main menu'''.<br>What do you notice?<br><br>If you successfully completed the first two sections, they no longer appear in reverse video.<br>This indicates that you have completed the first two sections of this assignment (i.e. you do NOT have to save your work!).<br><br># Exit your Assignment 1, and exit your Matrix session.<br><br># Proceed to the next section to perform additional practice. Linux is about "doing"! The more practice questions you perform, <br>the better mark you will achieve for this course and have a better foundation of issuing Linux commands to be more productive in your future courses.<br><br> -->

Here is a link to the MS a Word Document document of ALL of the questions displayed below but with extra room to answer on the document tosimulate a quiz:

: https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101files/uli101_week1_practice.docx

# What is the difference between a Linux '''command''' and an '''argument'''?

# What character(s) is are used to '''separate''' commands and arguments?# Create a '''table''' listing each Linux command, useful options that were mentioned in this tutorial for the following Linux commands: <br>'''pwd''' , '''cd''' , '''ls''' , '''cal''' , '''date''' , '''who''' , '''w''' , '''whoami''' , '''who am I''' , '''clear''' _________________________________________________________________________________ Author: Murray Saul License: LGPL version 3Link: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html _________________________________________________________________________________