Ghost Cells
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Contents
Ghost Cells
Team Members
- Tony Sim, Issue Dumper
- Robert Dittrich, Issue Collector
- Inna Zhogova, Issue Resolver
Progress
Assignment 1
Tony
Subject: Jacobi's method for Poisson's equation
Robert
Subject:
Inna
Subject: Data compression - LWZ algorithm.
Source: http://www.cplusplus.com/articles/iL18T05o/#Version1
I tested the following source code for a compression and decompression of .txt files and a gif.
| lwz.cpp( ... ) |
|---|
///
/// @file
/// @author Julius Pettersson
/// @copyright MIT/Expat License.
/// @brief LZW file compressor
/// @version 1
///
/// This is the C++11 implementation of a Lempel-Ziv-Welch single-file command-line compressor.
/// It uses the simpler fixed-width code compression method.
/// It was written with Doxygen comments.
///
/// @see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch
/// @see http://marknelson.us/2011/11/08/lzw-revisited/
/// @see http://www.cs.duke.edu/csed/curious/compression/lzw.html
/// @see http://warp.povusers.org/EfficientLZW/index.html
/// @see http://en.cppreference.com/
/// @see http://www.doxygen.org/
///
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <exception>
#include <fstream>
#include <ios>
#include <iostream>
#include <istream>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <ostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
/// Type used to store and retrieve codes.
using CodeType = std::uint16_t;
namespace globals {
/// Dictionary Maximum Size (when reached, the dictionary will be reset)
const CodeType dms {std::numeric_limits<CodeType>::max()};
} // namespace globals
///
/// @brief Helper operator intended to simplify code.
/// @param vc original vector
/// @param c element to be appended
/// @returns vector resulting from appending `c` to `vc`
///
std::vector<char> operator + (std::vector<char> vc, char c)
{
vc.push_back(c);
return vc;
}
///
/// @brief Compresses the contents of `is` and writes the result to `os`.
/// @param [in] is input stream
/// @param [out] os output stream
///
void compress(std::istream &is, std::ostream &os)
{
std::map<std::vector<char>, CodeType> dictionary;
// "named" lambda function, used to reset the dictionary to its initial contents
const auto reset_dictionary = [&dictionary] {
dictionary.clear();
const long int minc = std::numeric_limits<char>::min();
const long int maxc = std::numeric_limits<char>::max();
for (long int c = minc; c <= maxc; ++c)
{
// to prevent Undefined Behavior, resulting from reading and modifying
// the dictionary object at the same time
const CodeType dictionary_size = dictionary.size();
dictionary[{static_cast<char> (c)}] = dictionary_size;
}
};
reset_dictionary();
std::vector<char> s; // String
char c;
while (is.get(c))
{
// dictionary's maximum size was reached
if (dictionary.size() == globals::dms)
reset_dictionary();
s.push_back(c);
if (dictionary.count(s) == 0)
{
// to prevent Undefined Behavior, resulting from reading and modifying
// the dictionary object at the same time
const CodeType dictionary_size = dictionary.size();
dictionary[s] = dictionary_size;
s.pop_back();
os.write(reinterpret_cast<const char *> (&dictionary.at(s)), sizeof (CodeType));
s = {c};
}
}
if (!s.empty())
os.write(reinterpret_cast<const char *> (&dictionary.at(s)), sizeof (CodeType));
}
///
/// @brief Decompresses the contents of `is` and writes the result to `os`.
/// @param [in] is input stream
/// @param [out] os output stream
///
void decompress(std::istream &is, std::ostream &os)
{
std::vector<std::vector<char>> dictionary;
// "named" lambda function, used to reset the dictionary to its initial contents
const auto reset_dictionary = [&dictionary] {
dictionary.clear();
dictionary.reserve(globals::dms);
const long int minc = std::numeric_limits<char>::min();
const long int maxc = std::numeric_limits<char>::max();
for (long int c = minc; c <= maxc; ++c)
dictionary.push_back({static_cast<char> (c)});
};
reset_dictionary();
std::vector<char> s; // String
CodeType k; // Key
while (is.read(reinterpret_cast<char *> (&k), sizeof (CodeType)))
{
// dictionary's maximum size was reached
if (dictionary.size() == globals::dms)
reset_dictionary();
if (k > dictionary.size())
throw std::runtime_error("invalid compressed code");
if (k == dictionary.size())
dictionary.push_back(s + s.front());
else
if (!s.empty())
dictionary.push_back(s + dictionary.at(k).front());
os.write(&dictionary.at(k).front(), dictionary.at(k).size());
s = dictionary.at(k);
}
if (!is.eof() || is.gcount() != 0)
throw std::runtime_error("corrupted compressed file");
}
///
/// @brief Prints usage information and a custom error message.
/// @param s custom error message to be printed
/// @param su Show Usage information
///
void print_usage(const std::string &s = "", bool su = true)
{
if (!s.empty())
std::cerr << "\nERROR: " << s << '\n';
if (su)
{
std::cerr << "\nUsage:\n";
std::cerr << "\tprogram -flag input_file output_file\n\n";
std::cerr << "Where `flag' is either `c' for compressing, or `d' for decompressing, and\n";
std::cerr << "`input_file' and `output_file' are distinct files.\n\n";
std::cerr << "Examples:\n";
std::cerr << "\tlzw_v1.exe -c license.txt license.lzw\n";
std::cerr << "\tlzw_v1.exe -d license.lzw new_license.txt\n";
}
std::cerr << std::endl;
}
///
/// @brief Actual program entry point.
/// @param argc number of command line arguments
/// @param [in] argv array of command line arguments
/// @retval EXIT_FAILURE for failed operation
/// @retval EXIT_SUCCESS for successful operation
///
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc != 4)
{
print_usage("Wrong number of arguments.");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
enum class Mode {
Compress,
Decompress
};
Mode m;
if (std::string(argv[1]) == "-c")
m = Mode::Compress;
else
if (std::string(argv[1]) == "-d")
m = Mode::Decompress;
else
{
print_usage(std::string("flag `") + argv[1] + "' is not recognized.");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
std::ifstream input_file(argv[2], std::ios_base::binary);
if (!input_file.is_open())
{
print_usage(std::string("input_file `") + argv[2] + "' could not be opened.");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
std::ofstream output_file(argv[3], std::ios_base::binary);
if (!output_file.is_open())
{
print_usage(std::string("output_file `") + argv[3] + "' could not be opened.");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
try
{
input_file.exceptions(std::ios_base::badbit);
output_file.exceptions(std::ios_base::badbit | std::ios_base::failbit);
if (m == Mode::Compress)
compress(input_file, output_file);
else
if (m == Mode::Decompress)
decompress(input_file, output_file);
}
catch (const std::ios_base::failure &f)
{
print_usage(std::string("File input/output failure: ") + f.what() + '.', false);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
catch (const std::exception &e)
{
print_usage(std::string("Caught exception: ") + e.what() + '.', false);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
} |
Tested data
1. book.txt - a 343 kilobyte text file.
2. words.txt - a 4.7 megabyte text file.
3. fire.gif - a 309 kilobyte graphical image.
Flat Profiles
Book
Flat profile for compression:
Flat profile for decompression:
Text
Flat profile for compression:
Flat profile for decompression:
GIF
Flat profile for compression:
Flat profile for decompression:
