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X86 64 Register and Instruction Quick Start

437 bytes added, 22:07, 28 December 2016
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[[Category:Assembly Language]]
 
This page contains very basic information on the x86_64 architecture: the [Register|register] layout and naming and the some basic instructions.
 
== Registers ==
* 8-bit registers using 'l' ("low byte" of 16 bits) suffix (original registers - bits 0-7: _l) or 'b' suffix (added registers: r__b): al, bl, r15b
Usage during [[Syscalls|syscall]]/function call:* First six arguments are in rdi, rsi, rdx, rcx, r8d, r9d; remaining arguments are on the stack.* For syscalls, the syscall number is in rax.* Return value is in rax.* The called routine is expected to save preserve rsp,rbp, rbx, r12, r13, r14, and r15 but may trample any other registers.
=== Floating-Point and SIMD Registers ===
These instructions are sufficient to complete the [[SPO600 Assembler Lab]] (GAS syntax):
add %r10,%r11 // add r10 and r11, put result in r11 cmp %r10,%r11 // compare register r10 with register r11. The comparison sets flags in the processor status register which affect conditional jumps. cmp $99,%r11 // compare the number 99 with register r11. The comparison sets flags in the processor status register which affect conditional jumps. div $%r10 // divide rax by the given register (r10), places quotient into rax and remainder into rdx (rdx must be zero before this instruction) inc %r10 // increment r10 jmp ''label'' // jump to label jeq je ''label'' // jump to label if equal jne ''label'' // jump to label if not equal jl ''label'' // jump to label if less jg ''label'' // jump to label if greater mov %r10,%r11 // move data from r10 to r11 mov $99,%r10 // put the immediate value 99 into r10 mov %r10,(%r11) // move data from r10 to address pointed to by r11 mov (%r10),%r11 // move data from address pointed to by r10 to r10 mul $%r10 // multiplies rax by r10, places result in rax and overflow in rdx push %r10 // push r10 onto the stack pop %r10 // pop r10 off the stack syscall // invoke a syscall (in 32-bit mode, use "int $0x80" instead)
Note the syntax:
* [[Register]] names are prefaced prefixed by %* [[Immediate Value|Immediate values]] are prefaced prefixed by $* Indirect memory access is indicated by (parenthesis).* Hexadecimal values are indicated by a 0x prefix.* Character values are indicated by quotation marks. Escapes (such as '\n') are permitted.
* Data sources are given as the first argument (mov %r10,%r11 moves FROM r10 INTO r11).
For the MOV instruction:* You can append a suffix indicating the amount of data to be moved -- e.g., q for quadword (64 bits), d for doubleword (32 bits), w for word (16 bits), or b for byte (8 bits). == References Resources ==
* CPU Instruction Set and Software Developer Manuals
** AMD: http://developer.amd.com/resources/documentation-articles/developer-guides-manuals/
** Intel: http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/processors/architectures-software-developer-manuals.html
* Web sites
** http://ref.x86asm.net/
** http://sandpile.org/
* GAS Manual - Using as, The GNU Assembler: https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as/

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