1,576
edits
Changes
m
These programs were released under the The combined GNU and Linux system is called GNU General Public License /Linux by some but just Linux by others (GPL), which permits anyone much to copythe dismay of Richard Stallman, use, and modify who feels that the simple name Linux downplays the software, as long as these rights are preserved for anyone receiving a subsequent copy of tremendous contribution made by the softwareGNU Project).
In 1991, '''Linus Torvalds''', a Finnish computer programmer, released the Linux kernel, eventually placing it under the GPL. The Linux kernel, GNU software, and some other components can be combined into a powerful, Unix-like operating system (it can’t technically be called Unix, because it has never been certified to be Unix, but virtually everyone in the industry regards it as such).
The combined GNU and Linux system is called GNU/Linux by some but just Linux by others (much to the dismay of Richard Stallman, who feels that the simple name Linux downplays the tremendous contribution made by the GNU Project).
=== Matrix Server ===
* Note that the workstations in the labs form part of the Matrix group. When you boot (startup) a PC in a S@Y lab, you are given the choice of starting Windows or starting Linux.
* If you choose Linux, your PC will join the Matrix cluster, and you will have direct access to your files, the Matrix printers, the database server, and so forth.
* You should choose the Matrix login whenever possible to get the most productive work environment for this course
Adds ULI101 and ULI101-2018 categories
* The Internet has become part of our daily lives. Although we use it every day, few of us have a real understanding of the underlying technologies.
* This course introduces will introduce and teach you :** How to interact with the Linux/Unix operating system and network technology that underlies much from the command line** Networking concepts, such as connecting to a remote server through a client program running on a local computer** Automation of the Internet. simple tasks through scripting* Think of this course as '''learning how to 'text the Linux/Unix operating system'''. So while it may seem strange at first, you will get it after a while and before you know it, you will get more automation done with fewer keystrokes.
== Important Information ==
* The This course website for this course is: https://cs.senecac.on.ca/~fac/uli101/ — it contains weekly slides, assignment details, and other important information for the course.* Please make certain that you read Read through the course outline, which states what this course will cover, how you will be evaluated, and the course policies relating to late assignments or missed tests.The course outline is at: https://ict.senecacollege.ca/course/uli101/* Your professor will give you additional details which may override or supplement the information on the course website (for example, your section’s test and assignment dates may vary).
* Topics such as course introduction, evaluation policies, student conduct, and where to obtain notes/resources are usually discussed in the first class.
== Definition - What is an Operating Systems System? ==
A computer can’t do anything useful without a program — a program is defined as data and a list set of instructions to follow.
An operating system (OS) is a collection of programs which that manage hardware and control the basic operation interact with users, some of the computer, includingthese tasks include:
* Allocating Allocate resources (memory, disk space, network bandwidth, access to devices)* Managing Manage files* StartingStart, stoppingstop, and controlling control other programs* Enforcing basic system Enforce security
== Evolution of Unix and Linux ==
=== Unix OS ===
* interactive - i.e. users can use the computer directly, and immediately see the results of their actions
* a multitasking environment - the operating system creates the illusion of performing multiple tasks at the same time by rapidly switching between them
* a Multimulti-user environment - it provides features necessary to support multiple users, including file security and the ability to interact with several people at once.* Unix became very popular because Bell Labs (AT&T) distributed it at almost no cost to colleges and universities, which who then taught students operating system systems programming using the Unix source code; these students later entered the industry and wanted to continue to use this powerful, familiar operating system.
* Hardware vendors appreciated an operating system which could easily be configured for new hardware, rather than reinventing the wheel each time a new family of computers was introduced. In fact, Unix/Linux now runs on system ranging from watches to huge mainframes.
* Unix and the Internet grew up hand-in-hand (the DARPANET project, precursor to the Internet, was approved in April 1969 — the same month that Bell pulled out of the Multics project and began the development of Unix; throughout the history of the Internet, the Unix OS has provided its platform.
Although Unix source code was widely distributed at low cost to educational institutions, it was still controlled by AT&T and was therefore never completely free (cost) nor free (unrestricted freedom to modify and use it).
* '''Richard Stallman''' published the GNU Manifesto in 1984, which described the need for Free Software (“Free in the sense of free speech, not free beer”). ** The resultant GNU project developed free, open source replacements for most of the Unix programs, but not for the Unix kernel (the core program that interacted with and controlled the hardware).** These programs were released under the GNU General Public License (GPL), which permits anyone to copy, use, and modify the software, as long as these rights are preserved for anyone receiving a subsequent copy of the software.* In 1991, '''Linus Torvalds''', a Finnish computer programmer, released the Linux kernel, eventually placing it under the GPL.** The Linux kernel, GNU software, and some other components can be combined into a powerful, Unix-like operating system (it can’t technically be called Unix, because it has never been certified to be Unix, but virtually everyone in the industry regards it as such).
== Using Linux/Unix at Seneca ==
Throughout your studies at Seneca you will use a variety of Unix/Linux systems, including:
* <code>matrix.senecacollege.ca</code> - Practice & perform Linux commands
* SIRIS - Registration & Information System (register for courses, timetable, view final grades)
* MATRIX - Practice & perform Linux commands* SCS <code>scs.senecacollege.ca</code> - main Computer Studies web server* MY<code>my.SENECACOLLEGEsenecacollege.CA ca</code> (Blackboard) - College LMSLearning Management System* With rare exceptions (notably my.senecacollege.ca), most Most college servers are available under <code>servername.senecac.onsenecacollege.ca</code>
== Matrix Server ==
The Matrix server consists of many PCs connected together to form a Linux cluster. A cluster is a cost effective alternative to mainframe computing.
* You can also connect to Matrix from a Windows system, but in such case you are usually limited to a terminal window
* Detailed instructions to connect from: Windows, macOS, and CentOS can be found [https://scs.senecac.on.ca/~fac/uli101/notes/MatrixLoginInformation.pdf here]
=== Obtaining Your Matrix Account ===
* Once you obtain your student card and have access to college MySeneca email, you will need to create an account on Matrix using a web browser.* You can complete this step from one of the school labs or your home computerown device.
* You will need to use the Windows login in the lab - Create a matrix account with: https://matrix.senecac.on.ca/webadmin/agree/agreement.php
* Please complete Complete this as soon as possible so you can start working on the labs assignments right away.
* Please contact Information Technology Services https://inside.senecacollege.ca/its/index.html in case of problems
* Using '''terminals''' (sometimes called '''shells'''), which connect remotely to the server. This provides users with a '''Command Line Interface (CLI)'''. Users can use the server from other operating systems.
* With a more advanced setup, users can interact with the OS using:
** '''Graphical User Interface (GUI)''' similar to the one found in a desktop or laptop operating systems.
<source lang="bash"># ssh username@host for example:
$ ssh user@matrix.senecac.onsenecacollege.ca
</source>
[[Category:ULI101]]
[[Category:ULI101-2018]]