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Tutorial2: Unix / Linux File Management

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|colspan="1" |~~Course Notes~~Slides:<ul><li>[https://ict.senecacollege.ca/~uli101/notes/Week02.pdf PDF] | [https://ict.senecacollege.ca/~uli101/notes/Week02.pptx PPTX]</li></ul>Tutorials:<ul><li>[http://www.cheat-sheets.org/saved-copy/Nano_Cheat_Sheet.pdf Nano Reference Sheet (PDF)]</li><li>[https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2010/05/vi-editor-linux-terminal-cheat-sheet-pdf Vi Reference Sheet (PDF)]</li><li>[http://czegel.com/seneca/uli101/lectures/Lecture2.html Les Czegel's Week 2 Notes (HTML)]</li></ul>

*[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/cat.1.html cat]

*[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/more.1.html more] , [http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/less.1.html less]

* [http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/head.1.html head] , [http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/tail.1.html tail]

*[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/touch.1.html touch]

*[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/file.1.html file]

|}

= KEY CONCEPTS=

===Unix / Linux Directories===

# Issue the following Linux command to confirm that all of the directories have been created: ls -ld uli101 uli101/notes uli101/tutorials uli101/examples acp100 xyz100

'''~~Downloading &~~ Running a Shell Script to Check your Work'''

Although you are being asked to create the directory structure, you might have made some mistakes: For Example:

# Make certain that your current directory is '''your home directory'''.

# Issue the following Linux command to ~~'''download'''~~ run a ~~'''shell~~ checking script~~''' to your home directory that will check your work~~: ~~wget https:~~bash /home/~~matrix.senecacollege.ca/~~~murray.saul/~~uli101/week1-check-1<~~scripts/~~span> # Run the checking script to check your work by issuing the following: bash week1~~week2-check-1

# If you encounter errors, then view the feedback to make corrections, and then re-run the checking script. If you receive a congratulation message that there are no errors, then proceed to the next section.

#Issue the following Linux command to display the directory structure of your home directory to confirm you copied the uli101 directory: tree Let's download and run a checking script to see if you moved and copied the directories correctly.

# Make certain that your current directory is '''your home directory'''.

# Issue the following Linux command ~~to '''download''' a '''shell~~ run checking script~~''' to your home directory that will check your work~~: ~~wget https:~~bash /home/~~matrix.senecacollege.ca/~~~murray.saul/~~uli101~~scripts/~~week1~~week2-check-2 # ~~Run the checking script to check your work by issuing the following: bash week1-check-2 ~~If you encounter errors and re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message, and proceed to the next section.

===Part 3: Removing Directories ===

# Issue the following Linux command (entering "y" when prompted): rm -ri xyz100 '''NOTE:''' You should have removed all directories that you have created. Let's download and run a checking script to see if you have removed all of the directories that you earlier created.

# Make certain that your current directory is '''your home directory'''.

# Issue the following Linux command to ~~download~~ run a ~~'''shell~~ checking script~~''' to your home directory that will check your work~~:~~ ~~~~wget https:~~bash /home/~~matrix.senecacollege.ca/~~~murray.saul/~~uli101~~scripts/~~week1~~week2-check-3 # ~~Run~~ If you encounter errors and re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message, and proceed to ~~check your work by issuing~~ the ~~following: bash week1-check-3~~next INVESTIGATION.

=INVESTIGATION 2: MANAGING TEXT FILES=

===Part 3: Manage / Manipulate Text File Content===

We finish this tutorial by learning to use commands that manage the content contained instead text files whether it relate to to viewing file content or manipulating file content.

'''Perform the Following Steps:'''

# View the following table of Text File Management commands Your instructor should have demonstrated in class how to use these commands): <table cellpadding="5"><tr><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Linux Command</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Purpose</th></tr><tr><td>'''touch'''</td><td>Create empty file(s) / Updates Existing File's Date/Time Stamp</td></tr><tr><td>'''cat'''</td><td>Display text file's contents without editing (small files)</td></tr><tr><td>'''more , less'''</td><td>Display / Navigate within large text files without editing</td></tr><tr><td>'''cp'''</td><td>Copy text file(s)</td></tr><tr><td>'''mv'''</td><td>Move / Rename text files</td></tr><tr><td>'''rm'''</td><td>Remove text file(s)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>'''sort'''</td><td>Sorts (rearranges) order of file contents when displayed. Content is sorted alphabetically by default. The '''-n'''''Italic text'' option sorts numerically, '''-r''' performs a reverse sort</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>'''head''' , '''tail'''</td><td>Displays the first / last 10 lines of a text file by default. An option using a value will display the number of lines (e.g. head -5 filename will display first 5 lines, tail -5 filename will display last 5 lines).</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>'''grep'''</td><td>Displays file contents that match a pattern</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>'''uniq'''</td><td>Displays identical consecutive lines only once</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>'''diff''' file1 file2</td><td>Displays differences between 2 files</td></tr><tr><td>'''file'''</td><td>Gives info about the contents of the file (e.g. file with no extention)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>'''find'''</td><td>To find files matching specified characteristics:<table><tr valign="top"><td width="20%">'''find . -name "file*"'''</td><td>~~lists~~ List pathname of any filenames beginning with "file", from the current directory and any subdirectories</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>'''find . -size +50k'''</td><td>~~lists~~ List pathname of any files larger than 50 kb, from the current directory and any subdirectories</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>'''find . -mmin -5''' </td><td>~~lists~~ List files modified less than 5 minutes ago</td></tr><tr> valign="top"><td>'''find -P .'''</td><td>Lists file pathnames in the current directory</td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

# Make certain that you are located in your '''home''' directory.

# Use the '''touch''' command to create the empty files called '''a.txt''', '''b.txt''', and '''c.txt'''

# Use the '''nano''' text editor to edit the empty file called '''a.txt'''. # Type the number "'''1'''" and press '''ENTER'''. On the second line, type the number "'''2'''" and press '''ENTER'''. Continue entering increasing number values until you reach the number '''40''' on line 40.

# Save your editing session.

# Issue the following Linux command: cat a.txt Can you see all of the contents?

# Type the letter "q" to exit the more command.

# Issue the following Linux command: less a.txt Is there any difference between the more and less commands? (again press '''q''' to quit)

# issue the following Linux command: sort a.txt Why does the output not look what you expected? Why?

# Issue the following Linux command: sort -n a.txt Try the same command using both the '''-n''' and '''-r''' options to see what happens.

# issue the following Linux command: head a.txt What is the output from this command display?

# issue the following Linux command: head - 7 a.txt What is the output from this command display?

# issue the following Linux command: tail a.txt What is the output from this command display? How would you issue this command to display only the last line contained in that file?

# Issue the following Linux command: grep 2 a.txt What type of output appear? Why did these lines appear (what do they all have in common)?

# Edit the '''a.txt''' file and add to the bottom 5 new lines each consisting of the same text: "'''end of line'''" and save changes to your file.

# Issue the following Linux command: uniq a.txt What do you notice happened to those newly created lines?

# Issue the following Linux command: cp a.txt a.txt.bk

# Issue the following Linux command: cp a.txt b.txt

# Issue one of the commands you learned to display the contents of the file called '''b.txt''' without editing. What happened to this file?

# Issue the following Linux command: mv a.txt aaa.txt~~.bk~~

# Issue a Linux command to view the directory contents. What happened to the file called '''a.txt'''? Why?

# Issue the following Linux command: file b.txt What sort of information did it provide?

# Issue the following Linux command: diff aaa.txt~~.bk~~ b.txt What was the output? Why do you think caused the result of this output? # Issue the following Linux command: diff aaa.txt~~.bk~~ c.txt What reason would this type of output occur?

# Issue the following Linux command: find -P . What is the output of this command?

# Issue the following Linux command: rm aa.txt b.txt a.txt.bk c.txt # Issue the '''ls ''' command to verify that these files have been removed. # After you complete the Review Questions sections to get additional practice, then work on your online assignment#1, section 2 labelled "Basic Unix Commands" (parts '''4''' to '''6''') in this section which are respectively labelled: '''Managing Files''' , '''Accessing Files''' and '''Review Exercise'''.

= LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS =

# Write a Linux command to display unique occurrences of consecutive lines in a file called '''uli101/customers.txt'''

# Create a '''table''' listing each Linux command, useful options that are displayed near the top of this tutorial labelled: '''Tutorial Reference Material'''

[[Category:ULI101]]

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