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[[Category:OPS335]][[Category:OPS335 Labs]]
Two popular protocols called '''Network File Server''' ('''NFS''') and '''Samba''' ('''SMB''') are used to provide high speed file access between servers on a local network. The '''NFS''' protocol allows a user to access files on another server in a local network in a similar way that local files on a same server are accessed. The '''Samba''' open-source software is used to access files from Windows servers using a combination of Windows protocols including NetBIOS, SMB, etc., and will be discussed in the next lab. This lab will focus on installing, configuring and using '''NFS''' to access files between different Linux servers on your local network. ==Completing INVESTIGATION 1: USING AUTOMOUNT WITH NFS== In this investigation, we will set up an '''NFS server''' on our '''VM2''' machine. We will then set up an '''NFS client on our <u>VM3</u> machine''' so that we can '''view and import files of '''VM2's /home directory''' from our <u>'''VM3'''</u> machine. {{Admon/important|Prerequistites|Due to the Labchanges made in lab3, '''you will now need your vm1 running (as the DNS server)''' in order for any of your virtual machines to be able to use the internet.}} ===Setting up the NFS Server (VM2)=== '''Perform the following tasks:''' #Make certain that all of your VMs are running.#Switch to your '''VM2''' machine.#Although the NFS application was already installed on your VM, we will install additional utilities for NFS by issuing the following command:<br>'''yum install nfs-utils'''#The '''/etc/exports''' file allows you to restrict the access to servers to access files for security purposes. Edit the '''/etc/exports''' file, and add the following line to the file:<br>'''/home 192.168.x.4(rw,root_squash,insecure)'''#What does the IPADDR 192.168.x.4 represent? Record your answer in your lab logbook.#Issue the following command (in order of appearance) in order to start your NFS server:<br>'''systemctl start rpcbind'''<br>'''systemctl start nfs'''#Use the '''systemctl''' command to enable both the rpcbind and nfs services upon VM startup.#Issue the following command in order to add (or "build") the server's list of permitted exports: <br>'''exportfs -r'''#Run and record the output of the following commands in your lab logbook:<br>'''exportfs'''<br>'''showmount -e'''#You will have to adjust your firewall settings on your VM2 machine to allow NFS to work (Tip: run the '''netstat''' command in order to determine the <u>'''ports'''</u> needed and issue the appropriate ''iptables'' command or commands). Make certain to save your current iptables rules so they remain unchanged whey you reboot your NFS server and your client VM. ===Setting up & Testing the NFS Client (VM3)===During '''Perform the following tasks:''' #make certain that your '''VM3''' machine can connect to the network and that your '''VM1''' machine is running as the DNS server (Tip: you can use the "host cbc.ca" command to see if DNS queries are being answered.#Make certain that you are logged into your '''VM3''' machine.#Install the '''nfs-utils''' package on your '''VM3''' machine.#Add the following line to the bottom of the '''/etc/fstab''' file on your VM3 machine:<br>'''192.168.x.3:/home /home nfs4 defaults 0 0'''{{Admon/important|Warning: Do not change any other lines in this file. |Do not change any lines in '''/etc/fstab''' file contained for your VM3 machine. Doing so can cause your VM3 machine not to boot properly.}}<ol><li value="5">Run the following command to confirm that SELinux will not block the network share:<br>'''setsebool -P use_nfs_home_dirs 1'''</li><li>Issue the following command to mount any network shares without having to logout and login to your VM3:<br>'''mount -a'''<li>Create an empty file within the regular user's home directory on your VM3 machine.<li>Issue the ls-l command for VM2 regular user's <u>'''home'''</u> directory. Do you see a file that you created there?</li><li> Switch to your '''VM2''' machine and view the contents on your regular user's <u>'''home'''</u> directory. What you do you notice? What does this mean in terms of using NFS? Record your observations in your lab logbook.</li><li>'''Restart your VM3 machine''' and login with your regular user id.</li><li>Make certain that you iptables rules are the same to allow NFS to work</li><li>Check that the VM3 regular user's <u>'''home'''</u> directory is mounted by issuing the following command:<br>'''mount | grep /home'''</li><li>If it is not, try running '''mount /home''' as root and observe any errors.</li><li>Create another file in the regular user's home directory on your '''VM3''' machine.</li><li>Switch to your '''VM2''' machine to see if you can view that file.</li><li>Finally, issue the '''ls-l''' command in your VM3 regular user's home directory to note the contents.</li></ol> '''Record steps, commands, and your observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your OPS335 lab log-book''' ==INVESTIGATION 2: SETTING UP AUTO-MOUNT ON CLIENT (VM3)== In this investigation, we will be setting up to allow a network file share permanently on your VMs. '''Perform the following tasks:''' #Switch to your '''VM3''' machine.#Unmount the /home directory from VM2 by running '''umount /home'''#Comment or remove the line that you have gained experience getting multiple services added in the '''/etc/fstab''' file in the previous investigation.#Restart your '''VM3''' machine.#Install the '''autofs''' package by issuing the following command:<br>'''yum install autofs'''#Rename the existing file '''/etc/auto.master''' file by issuing the following command:<br>'''mv /etc/auto.master /etc/auto.master.orig'''<br>Keep this file as a back-up in case you need to restore the file in the future.#Use the vi text editor to create a new (empty) '''/etc/auto.master''' file and add the following line:<br>'''/home /etc/auto.home --timeout=60'''#Save your editing changes.#Use the vi text editor to create a file called '''/etc/auto.home''' and add add the following line:<br>'''* -fstype=nfs4,rw,nosuid,soft 192.168.x.3:/home/&'''#Save your editing changes.#Use the '''systemctl''' command to start the '''autofs''' service, and another systemctl command in order to cooperate ensure that the autofs service will automatically start at boot.#Log out of and back into '''vm3''' using your <u>regular</u> user account (i.e. not root. You should be in your regular user account for both VM2 and VM3 machines).#Open a terminal and enter the following command:<br>'''mount | grep home'''#How does it differ from the previous mount? Record your findings in your lab logbook.#On your '''VM3''' machine, create another empty file with each otherthe name:<br>'''touch yet_another_empty_file_from_vm3'''#Run and record the output of the following command (on both your VM2 and VM3 machines):<br>'''df -hT'''#Switch to the nfs server ('''vm2'''), run and record the output of '''ls -l''' in your home directory (You should see the files you created on vm3).#Now that you have used VM3 automatically mounting home directories from your VM2 machine, repeat the steps in this investigation in order to configure your '''VM1''' machine to do the same. '''Record steps, commands, and your observations in INVESTIGATION 2 in your OPS335 lab log-book''' ==COMPLETING THE LAB== '''Arrange evidence (command output) for each of these items on your screen, then ask your first clientinstructor to review them and sign off on the lab's completion:''' ::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Show mount information regarding vm3 and vm1 shares with NFS server (vm2)::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> All files shown in network server (vm2)::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Display contents of '''/etc/exports''', '''/etc/auto.master''' and '''/etc/auto.home''' files::<span style="color:green;font-side servicesize:1.5em;">✓</span> Lab logbook completed ==EXPLORATION QUESTIONS==
#What does the no_root_squash option for an NFS mount mean?
#Explain the meaning of the defaults option in an fstab entry. What do the numbers mean at the end?
#What is the meaning of the asterisk (*) in the file /etc/auto.home?
#What is the meaning of the ampersand (&) in the file /etc/auto.home?
#What is the role of the /etc/mtab file on the hostnfs server?#What port did you have to opendoes nfs-server use?
