== OBJECTIVE & PREPARATION==

In this This lab, we will look at several separate technologies that are used with 's primary focus is to set up a Samba server on a Linux server in order to allow MS Windows users to share common files from the Apache web Linux's Samba server to install, configure and run web applications.

The basic purpose of the Apache web server is to serve text pagesThis lab will first install, imagessetup, and other static enable a Samba server. Then users will access files. You can format those web-pages to appear nice, but they would lack dynamic functionality on the Linux Samba server from Linux and Windows client machines (i.e. the ability to change colors or font-size when the mouse moves over a link, button, etcboth graphically and command line). In other words using Apache web-server as a sole application would not make your web-pages more interesting.

If we want to add more features for our web-page (eg. dynamic functionality, security, e-commerce, etc), your webserver would need additional help. To provide additional help requires several resources - more than just the web server itself. ==INVESTIGATION 1: INSTALLING & CONFIGURING A popular acronym to represent these foundations and servers is referred to as '''LAMP'''. It stands for '''Linux''', '''Apache''', '''MySQL''', and '''PHP''' (or ''Python'').SAMBA SERVER==

In your previous OPS235 course, your second assignment may have required you setup a similar series of services in order to run a Wiki on one of your virtual machines. In this labinvestigation, we will set up another example of a '''"LAMP solution"Samba server''' on our ''' that VM2''' machine. We will allow first install, configure and enable the user samba server on our virtual machine, and then we will quickly test to run webmail in a web-browser to send and receive e-mail messagessee if the Samba server works.

#Make certain you are in that both your '''VM1''' machine.#Install the Apache package (the name of the package is: and '''httpdVM2''').#Start the httpd service, and enable this service to start automatically upon system startup.#Using a text browser such as lynx on vm1 go to localhost. You should get the "Fedora Test Page" which indicates your web server is machines are running on the local virtual machine.#Make certain Switch to configure your firewall to allow access to the httpd service (i.e. the Apache serves HTTP traffic which goes over TCP port '''80VM2''') and to update machine as the firewall_restore script to include it.#Open a web-browser in your '''hostroot''' machine and enter user.#Issue the following URLLinux command to install Samba server utlity: <br>'''vm1.youruserid.orgyum install samba samba-client'''.<br />If you setup your Apache webserver correctly, you should be able to view the Apache Test page.#Although we will not be exploring webservers in depth, we will have you create a simple webpage for testing purposes, then later setup a web resource for webmailCopy the file '''/etc/samba/smb.#The term conf''' to another filename by issuing the following command:<br>'''DocumentRootcp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.original''' specifies where #Clear the Apache webserver will search for documents to serve. Create contents of the configuration file by running '''indexcat /dev/null > /etc/samba/smb.htmlconf''' in your #Edit '''DocumentRoot/etc/samba/smb.conf''' directory with so that the file that contains the following contents lines: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = "put your real name here without the quotes" encrypt passwords = yes security = user passdb backend = tdbsam [home] comment = "put your real name here without the quotes" path = /home/<yourSenecaID> public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 [homes] comment = automatic home share public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 browseable = no<ol><li value="3">Append (replace add) the date with following parameter to the bottom of the '''[global] section''' that will limit access to the current one)share so that only machines in your virtual network will be able to access it:<br/li><source/ol>Hello, this is a web page on vm1 hosts allow = 192.168.x. 127.0.yourid0.org and 1<ol><li value="4">Append (add) the following parameter to the current time is Mar 28 22'''[home] section''' so that only your user account can access that share:16:27 EDT 2016!</sourceli></ol> valid users = <yourSenecaID><ol><li value="95">If you refresh your web-browser page in your browser, you should see Create a Samba account and password for yourSenecaID by issuing the contents of your following command:<br>'''smbpasswd -a <yourSenecaID>'index.html'' document. If you wish, you can specify the filename index.html in the address, but it is not necessary, since the file index.html is automatically loaded by default when the URL refers to that directory containing that file.</li></ol>

{{Admon<ol><li value="6">Confirm the user you created has been added using the following command:<br>'''pdbedit -L -v'''</tip |Using li><li>Test and review your configuration with the command:<br>'''testparm'index.html''</li><li>Use the '''systemctl''' file|It is considered command to start the smb.service and enable the service to be a "best practice" run on boot-up</li><li>If you have SELinux set to create enforcing, you'll will need to tell it to allow samba access to home directories by running: <br> ''index.html'setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs 1''' files for newly-created subdirectories within </li><li>Use the '''DocumentRootss -nautp''' command to see with port Samba is running on.</li><li>Use the information in the previous step to modify the firewall on VM2 machine to allow samba traffic.</li><li>Test to see that you can connect to your Samba server (or userslocally) by issuing the following command:<br>' ''smbclient -U <yourSenecaID> -L 127.0.0.1'public_html''' directories) </li><li>When prompted, enter your Samba account password.</li><li>The output from that issued command show appear similar to force a display of a webexample displayed below:</li></ol> Sharename Type Comment -page, instead of viewing the directories -------- ---- ------- home Disk Your Name IPC$ IPC IPC Service ("indexYour Name" listing of files (from ) Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment ------ ------- WorkGroup Master --------- ------ <ol><li value="curious eyes13")>To access the Samba client shell on your local Samba share, issue the following command: that is why <br>'''smbclient '\\127.0.0.1\home' -U <yourSenecaID>'''</li><li>Enter your Samba account password.</li><li>Issue the name of the file is called help command to note common commands (''dir'', ''cd'', ''ls'', ''put'', ''get''). Note how similar they are to ''sftp''"indexcommands.html"</li><li>Enter '''exit'''to terminal your local Samba session.}}</li></ol>

<ol><li value="10">Refresh your web-page by issuing the keycombination: '''ctrlRecord steps, commands, and your observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your OPS335 lab log-r'book''. Notice that the time doesn't change as you refresh the page. This indicates that the page is static (not dynamic) indicating that the page does not change (i.e. boring!).</li></ol>

=== Creating a PHP Script =INVESTIGATION 2: CONNECTING TO A LINUX SMB SERVER FROM A LINUX CLIENT==

In order to allow us to run a webserver application in a web-browser, we need a scripting language that this investigation you will allow explore some of the web-browser different ways to function dynamically (i.e. being able to change frequently, as opposed to being "static" or unchanging). In this section, we will demonstrate how access a shared directory from a scripting language Linux client machine (PHPVM1) can be used for the web-browser to react in a more dynamic fashion.

{{Admon/tip |PHP Scripting Language|PHP code is considered to be a language that runs on the web-server (i.e. "server-side programming"). PHP code can be embedded in an HTML document (HTML code), === Installing and use the resources on the "server-side" to make the web document or resource more dynamic (eg. database access, etc). Although it is not the purpose of this course to learn about and create PHP documents, here is a quick resource on PHP: [http://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp PHP Tutorial]}}Using smbclient ===

#Copy the '''index.html'Perform the following steps on your VM1'' file to '''index.php''' and modify it to contain:<br><source>Hello, this is a web page on vm1.yourid.org and the current time is <?php system("date"); ?>!</source>

<ol><li value="2">On your host machine, again refresh your web-browser. Notice that in a web browser #Install the ''index.php'samba-client'' file isn't treated as a default page and the contents don't contain ''cifs-utils''' packages.#Use the date, but instead are displaying the text "smbclient" command in the php code you entered into the index.php file (refer to above code)a terminal window.</lisource> smbclient '\\vm2\home' -U <yourSenecaID><li/source>The reason this occurs is that the PHP interpreter hasn't been installed on #After entering your vm by default.password you should get a prompt similar to:</lisource> smb: \><li/source>Install #Enter the ls command to see a list of the php package on your vm1 machine, and restart files in your webserver. NOTEhome directory: The php package comes with a working default Apache configuration so you don't need to enable it manually.</lisource> smb: \> ls<li/source>Refresh the webpage for your web-browser on your host machine. You should now notice that #Once you see have access to the date instead of directory use the call get and put commands (similar to ftp) to the date commandmove files. Refresh your webpage several times to see how #When you are finished close the time changes. This is simply a "trivial example" of dynamic web content does it does provide a simple demonstration of how scripting languages can be used to create more dynamic webpagesconnection.# Try again using '''[homes]''' share instead</lisource> smbclient '\\vm2\homes' -U <yourSenecaID></olsource>

For security, it is important to allow access to general areas of your webpage, but also limit access to other sub=== Using 'mount -directories that contain other webpages or documents. Penetration Tester or hackers may be able to navigate your file systems within your html directory to obtain unauthorised information. t cifs' ===

There are many common-sense safeguards, such as creating an index.html file in your default directory that will display a webpage instead Instead of always having to use the directory index. On the other handsmbclient command to connect to your network share, there are also safeguards that you can setup to provide additional protection to have the share automatically mounted upon your data on your web file serverboot-up.

# As the root user on your gateway/host, try to forward incoming http connections that arrive on your host to the web server on vm1. Use an iptables command something like this:<br><source>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *yourinterface* -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 192.168.X.2</source># You will also need to create a rule in the FORWARD chain in the default table to accept connections to port 80.# To test this setup you'll need to ask a classmate on another PC to try to use a browser to view your web page. That person will have to enter your host's external interface IP number in their browser's address window. Have that person view both '''index.html''' and '''index.php'''# Create a new directory inside Perform the following steps on your VM1'''DocumentRoot''' and move index.php inside it.# Have your partner view both files again.<br><br>You will now modify the settings on the web-server to prevent machines outside our network from accessing the private directory.<br><br># Add the following directory statement to your apache configuration (making sure to replace the X with your own network octet):<source><Directory "/var/www/html/private"> AllowOverride None Require ip 192.168.X.0/24</Directory></source>

This sets up separate rules #Issue the following commands to create a mount-point and access permissions for to mount your home directory from your vm2 machine:<source> mkdir /tmp/vm2-home mount -t cifs //vm2/home /tmp/vm2-home -o username=<yourSenecaID> ls /tmp/vm2-home</source>#Create a file in that subdirectorydirectory, then switch to '''vm2''' to confirm that it was created. Your partner should no longer be able #Use umount on '''vm1''' to access any pages in the private unmount that directory (or any sub-directories of it), but your other internal machines (including your host) should still have access.

We complete Note that this tool would leave the last piece directory mounted until the machine rebooted or it was manually unmounted. It would also allow other users access to the directory, as it effectively became part of the puzzle by installing, configuring and running a database server local filesystem. It could even be added to fstab to support your webmail application that will be installed and setup in a later labmounted on boot (though this would require another configuration file we don't cover).

We won't spend much time learning the details of MySQL configuration but you need This investigation will configure your VM2 machine to act as a basic Samba File server set up. You may remember when setting up MySQL from OPS235 - it is basically to allow Windows OS Users access to the same conceptLinux Samba server files.

{{Admon/tip |MySQL / SQL Language Resources|Again, MySQL can be a complex topic: Seneca has an entire course that concentrates ===Accessing Files on using SQL commands! Here is a link to MySQL / SQL Language resources: [http://www.w3schools.com/sql/ MySQL / SQL Language Resources].}}Linux Samba Server via Windows Explorer ===

'''Perform With some additional "tweaking" to your Linux Samba server configuration file, you should be able to access files on that file from a Windows machine on the following steps:'''same network. You will be creating a Samba share for your home directory of your regular user account.

#Install '''mariadb-server'''.<br /><br /> The MySQL and MariaDB are actually two <u>separate</u> projects run by different groups, yet they are compatible; therefore, you can use documentation from one to configure Perform the other. <br><br>#'''NOTEfollowing tasks:''' When installing mariadb, make certain that you have not just the '''client''' but also the '''server software'''.#When you start the MySQL service, check the system log file for instructions regarding how to set the root password. Even though we will not configure our MySQL service to be accessible over the network, it is accepted as a "best practice" configuring for network access for each MySQL installation.#Note that the MySQL service has two root passwords:<ul><li>For the localhost</li><li>For external requests</li></ul>#Refer to the log file to learn how to run the two commands in order to generate the appropriate passwords.<br><br>NOTE: Use a password you make up yourself, but do <u>not</u> generate a secret password, since you will be storing that password in a plain text file for later reference.#Start the service and ensure that it will start automatically every time the machine boots.

=== Test Connection # Make certain that your '''VM2''' machine is running, is still allowing samba traffic through the firewall, and is still running the samba service.# Use the Windows machine you are already running Vmware on. If you have a Linux host - good for you, you can either use a Windows VM or skip this part.# Add the prerouting and forwarding rules to MySQL Database Server ===your host's iptables necessary to redirect samba traffic from outside your network to your VM2, making sure to replace the X with your own network address.::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 139 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 445 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>OR with specifing the interface (whichever works):::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>where *externalinterface* is an interface name (e.g. ens33)<br>'''NOTE:''' when you restart libvirtd, it will move your FORWARD rules to the end of the chain, invalidating them.# Modify the '''hosts allow''' setting on your '''vm2''' to also accept connections from the windows machine you are using.# Open the Windows File Explorer application.# At the top of the application, enter the following:<br>'''\\EXTERNAL_IPADDR_OF_HOST\home'''

|- valign="top"|[[Image:samba-login.png|thumb|right|300px|You will be prompted (once only) for the Samba user-name and password for your '''VM2'''machine). ]]|[[Image:samba3-map-drive.png|thumb|right|300px|You can create a 'Perform the following steps''mapped network drive (z:)'''for your Linux Samba server network share). ]]|}

# Modify the Directory statement for your private directory <ol><li value="5"> You will be prompted to prevent any machine other than enter your vm1 from accessing itsamba username and password (one time only).# Re-start the web-server and try Refer to access the page from another machinescreenshot on right. Make sure that you can <br><br>'''notNOTE:''' do so before It may take approximately 30 seconds to display the file contents.<br><br></li><li>Were you continue.# Install successful? You should have received an error stating the '''php-mysql''' module so that the installation of php your web server is using can execute sql statementscredentials are incorrect. You will have notice that it adds SENEDS to restart the service after installing itbeginning of your user name, as the Seneca machine is pre-configured to be part of that workgroup.#Modify </li><li>Change the indexworkgroup parameter in smb.php page in your private directory conf on VM2 to match the code below. This will test that your web server can connect to the database (replace the user, passwordseneca domain SENEDS, and database with values appropriate for your machine):try to connect again.<br/li><sourceli><Were you successful?php$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost"If not, "user"try to troubleshoot the problem first, "password", "database");if ($mysqli-then ask your lab assistant or instructor for assistance.</li>connect_errno) { echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: (" . $mysqli-<li>connect_errno Close the Windows File Explorer application window. ") " . $mysqli-</li>connect_error;}echo $mysqli-<li>host_info Click on the '''START''' menu, and click on '''This PC'''. "\n";?</li></sourceli>#Once that page shows Click on the Map Network Drive button, and create a successful connection on your VM '''mapped network drive''' (called it drive '''Localhost via UNIX socketZ:''') this step which is a Samba share of your VM2 machine for the home directory.</li><li>When finished, click on '''Network''' in Windows file manager to confirm that the network share is completepresent.</li><li>Try to create a file on Windows on your Linux Samba machine. Were you able to create a save a file?</li><li>Switch to your VM2 machine and check to see if that file was created in your home directory.</li></ol>

{{Admon/important |Backup your VMs!|You have now established that the web server is able to run code which can interract with the database. This will allow dynamic pages to make use MUST perform a '''full backup''' of ALL of information stored there your VMs whenever you complete your '''OPS335 labs''' or when providing resources to working on your users'''OPS335 assignments'''. You should be using the dump or rsync command VMs.}}

{{Admon/important |Backup your VMs!|You MUST perform a '''full backup''' of ALL of Record steps, commands, and your VMs whenever you complete observations from this INVESTIGATION in your '''OPS335 labslab log-book''' or when working on your '''OPS335 assignments'''. You should be using the dump command, and you should use the Bash shell script that you were adviced to create in order to backup all of your VMs.}}

'''Record steps, commands==COMPLETING THE LAB==In completing this lab you have gained experience using a service that allows remote access to files stored on a Linux server. You have also learned how to use several different tools to access those files, both from a Linux and your observations on this investigation in your OPS335 lab log-book'''Windows client..

== COMPLETING THE LAB ==You may choose to:* Submit screenshots of your work on Blackboard, in which case you don't need to come to the lab.You now have a complete LAMP stack * Or come to the lab, show me your work, and could host a variety of web-pages that could include dynamically generated content talk to me about it. I want to hear what you've learned and database accessanswer any questions you have.

You'''Depending on your professor ll get the same grade regardless of how you will either be asked choose to submit the lab in class, or onlineyour work. Follow the appropriate set of instructions below.'''

::<span style===Online Submission (Peter Callaghan's Classes only)===Follow the instructions for lab 5 on moodle"color:green;font-size:1. ===In Class Submission===5em;">&#x2713;</span> Proof of network share of VM2 machine from Windows VM via Windows Explorer application::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Download the labcheck5.bash checking bash shell script by issuing the commandFirewall settings on your Windows VM to allow Linux Samba network share::<brspan style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;<br/span>Display contents of '''wget http://matrix.senecac.on.ca/~peter.callaghan/filesetc/OPS335samba/labcheck5smb.bashconf'''file on VM2 machine::<brspan style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;<br/span>set execute permission and run the shell script on your '''c7host''' machine. Firewall exceptions (both machines) to allow Samba traffic::*For '''Peter's classes''', follow his Online Submission instructions in Moodle.<span style="color:green;font-size:*For '''Murray's classes''', 1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Download and run command (piping to the '''morehttps://ict.senecacollege.ca/~andrew.smith/ops335/labcheck5.bash''' command) and show output to instructor.

# What does the term LAMP SMB stand for?#What does CIFS stand for? Briefly describe the purpose of each of the following items in LAMP.# What is the major difference between a static web document and a dynamic documentpurpose of the '''testparm''' command?# What does the term text inside square brackets in the '''smb.conf''' file mean? (e.g., "server-side programming[home]" mean?).# What is Explain the purpose meaning of creating and using an indexthe line "create mask = 0765" in the smb.html conf file?# What is does the purpose of creating and using an index.php file'''smbpasswd''' command do?