== OBJECTIVE & PREPARATION==

In this This lab, we will look at several separate technologies that are used with 's primary focus is to set up a Samba server on a Linux server in order to allow MS Windows users to share common files from the Apache web Linux's Samba server to install, configure and run web applications.

The basic purpose of the Apache web server is to serve text pagesThis lab will first install, imagessetup, and other static enable a Samba server. Then users will access files. You can format those web-pages to appear nice, but they would lack dynamic functionality on the Linux Samba server from Linux and Windows client machines (i.e. the ability to change colors or font-size when the mouse moves over a link, button, etcboth graphically and command line). In other words using Apache web-server as a sole application would not make your web-pages more interesting.

If we want to add more features for our web-page (eg. dynamic functionality, security, e-commerce, etc), your webserver would need additional help. To provide additional help requires several resources - more than just the web server itself. ==INVESTIGATION 1: INSTALLING & CONFIGURING A popular acronym to represent these foundations and servers is referred to as '''LAMP'''. It stands for '''Linux''', '''Apache''', '''MySQL''', and '''PHP''' (or ''Python'').SAMBA SERVER==

In your previous OPS235 course, your second assignment may have required you setup a similar series of services in order to run a Wiki on one of your virtual machines. In this labinvestigation, we will set up another example of a '''"LAMP solution"Samba server''' on our ''' that VM2''' machine. We will allow first install, configure and enable the user samba server on our virtual machine, and then we will quickly test to run webmail in a web-browser to send and receive e-mail messagessee if the Samba server works.

'''Perform the following steps:''' #Make certain that both your '''VM1''' and '''VM2''' machines are running.#Switch to your '''VM2''' machine as the '''root''' user.#Issue the following Linux command to install Samba server utlity:<br>'''yum install samba samba-client'''<br>#Copy the file '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' to another filename by issuing the following command:<br>'''cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.original'''#Clear the contents of the configuration file by running '''cat /dev/null > /etc/samba/smb.conf'''#Edit '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' so that the file that contains the following lines: [global] workgroup =WORKGROUP server string ="put your real name here without the quotes" encrypt passwords = Online Resourcesyes security =user passdb backend =tdbsam [home] comment ="put your real name here without the quotes" path = /home/<yourSenecaID> public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 [homes] comment = automatic home share public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 browseable = no<ol><li value="3">Append (add) the following parameter to the bottom of the '''[global] section''' that will limit access to the share so that only machines in your virtual network will be able to access it:</li></ol> hosts allow = 192.168.x. 127.0.0.1<ol><li value="4">Append (add) the following parameter to the '''[home] section''' so that only your user account can access that share:</li></ol> valid users = <yourSenecaID><ol><li value="5">Create a Samba account and password for yourSenecaID by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbpasswd -a <yourSenecaID>'''</li></ol>

* (Course Notes on the Apache Web Server)* [http:{{Admon//www.hitmill.com/computers/apache.htm Apache Resources]* [http://www.liquidweb.com/kb/how-tip|Changing Existing Samba Account Passwords|If you need to-install-apache-on-centos-7/ Installing Apache Webserver on Centos7]* [httpchange a user's existing Samba account password, you can issue the following command as root://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp PHP Tutorial] (w3schools.com)* [http://www.w3schools.com/sql/ MySQL / SQL Language Resources] (w3schools'''smbpasswd username'''.com)}}

<ol><li value="6">Confirm the user you created has been added using the following command:<br>'''pdbedit -L -v'''</li><li>Test and review your configuration with the command:<br>'''testparm'''</li><li>Use the '''systemctl''' command to start the smb.service and enable the service to run on boot-up</li><li>If you have SELinux set to enforcing, you'll will need to tell it to allow samba access to home directories by running: <br> '''setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs 1'''</li><li>Use the '''ss -nautp''' command to see with port Samba is running on.</li><li>Use the information in the previous step to modify the firewall on VM2 machine to allow samba traffic.</li><li>Test to see that you can connect to your Samba server (locally) by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbclient -U <yourSenecaID> -L 127.0.0.1'''</li><li>When prompted, enter your Samba account password.</li><li>The output from that issued command show appear similar to example displayed below:</li></ol> Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- home Disk Your Name IPC$ IPC IPC Service ("Your Name") Domain= INVESTIGATION [WORKGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1: SETTING UP A LAMP SOLUTION ] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment ------ ------- WorkGroup Master --------- ------ <ol><li value="13">To access the Samba client shell on your local Samba share, issue the following command:<br>'''smbclient '\\127.0.0.1\home' -U <yourSenecaID>'''</li><li>Enter your Samba account password.</li><li>Issue the help command to note common commands (''dir'', ''cd'', ''ls'', ''put'', ''get''). Note how similar they are to ''sftp'' commands.</li><li>Enter '''exit''' to terminal your local Samba session.</li></ol>

=== InstallYou can use smbclient to access, Configure & Run browse and share files within other Linux and Windows servers using a Webserver (Apache) ===variety of tools which will be demonstrated in Investigations 2 and 3.

Next we need to install'''Record steps, commands, configure and run a webserver on one of our Linux VMs.your observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your OPS335 lab log-book'''

{{Admon/tip |Apache Webserver Resources|Apache web-server configuration can be a very complex topic (covering an entire course!). Although this lab focuses only on one small application of a web-server, you can refer to the following link to refer to additional configuration help==INVESTIGATION 2: [http://www.hitmill.com/computers/apache.htm Apache Resources].}}CONNECTING TO A LINUX SMB SERVER FROM A LINUX CLIENT==

'''Perform In this investigation you will explore some of the following steps:'''different ways to access a shared directory from a Linux client machine (VM1).

#Make certain you are in your '''VM1''' machine.#Install the Apache package (the name of the package is: '''httpd''').#Start the httpd service, === Installing and enable this service to start automatically upon system startup.#Using a text browser such as lynx on vm1 go to localhost. You should get the "Fedora Test Page" which indicates your web server is running on the local virtual machine.#Make certain to configure your firewall to allow access to the httpd service (i.e. the Apache serves HTTP traffic which goes over TCP port '''80''') and to update the firewall_restore script to include it.#Open a web-browser in your '''host''' machine and enter the following URL: '''vm1.youruserid.org'''.<br />If you setup your Apache webserver correctly, you should be able to view the Apache Test page.#Although we will not be exploring webservers in depth, we will have you create a simple webpage for testing purposes, then later setup a web resource for webmail.#The term '''DocumentRoot''' specifies where the Apache webserver will search for documents to serve. Create the file '''index.html''' in your '''DocumentRoot''' directory with the following contents (replace the date with the current one):<br><br><source>Hello, this is a web page on vm1.yourid.org and the current time is Mar 28 22:16:27 EDT 2016!</source><ol><li valuesmbclient ==="9">If you refresh your web-browser page in your browser, you should see the contents of your ''index.html'' document. If you wish, you can specify the filename index.html in the address, but it is not necessary, since the file index.html is automatically loaded by default when the URL refers to that directory containing that file.</li></ol>

{{Admon/tip |Using the '''index.html''' file|It is considered to be a "best practice" to create '''index.html''' files for newly-created subdirectories within Perform the following steps on your VM1'''DocumentRoot''' (or users' '''public_html''' directories) to force a display of a web-page, instead of viewing the directories "index" listing of files (from "curious eyes"): that is why the name of the file is called ''"index.html"''.}}

<ol><li value="10">Refresh your web-page by issuing the keycombination: '''ctrl-r'''. Notice that the time doesn't change as you refresh the page. This indicates that the page is static (not dynamic) indicating Note that the page does not change (i.e. boring!)this tool only gave temporary access with a limited set of commands.</li></ol>

=== Creating a PHP Script Using 'mount -t cifs' ===

In order Instead of always having to allow us to run a webserver application in a web-browser, we need a scripting language that will allow use the web-browser smbclient command to function dynamically (i.e. being able connect to change frequentlyyour network share, as opposed to being "static" or unchanging). In this section, we will demonstrate how a scripting language (PHP) you can be used for have the webshare automatically mounted upon your file server boot-browser to react in a more dynamic fashionup.

'''Perform the following steps:on your VM1'''

#Copy Issue the following commands to create a mount-point and to mount your home directory from your vm2 machine:<source> mkdir /tmp/vm2-home mount -t cifs //vm2/home /tmp/vm2-home -o username=<yourSenecaID> ls /tmp/vm2-home</source>#Create a file in that directory, then switch to '''index.htmlvm2''' file to confirm that it was created.#Use umount on '''index.phpvm1''' and modify it to contain:unmount that directory.

<ol><li value="2">On your host machine, again refresh your web-browser. Notice Note that in a web browser the ''index.php'' file isn't treated as a default page and the contents don't contain the date, but instead are displaying the text in the php code you entered into the index.php file (refer to above code).</li><li>The reason this occurs is that tool would leave the PHP interpreter hasn't been installed on your vm by default.</li><li>Install directory mounted until the php package on your vm1 machine, and restart your webserver. NOTE: The php package comes with a working default Apache configuration so you don't need to enable rebooted or it was manuallyunmounted.</li><li>Refresh It would also allow other users access to the webpage for your web-browser on your host machine. You should now notice that you see the date instead directory, as it effectively became part of the call local filesystem. It could even be added to the date command. Refresh your webpage several times fstab to see how the time changes. This is simply a "trivial example" of dynamic web content does it does provide a simple demonstration of how scripting languages can be used to create more dynamic webpagesmounted on boot (though this would require another configuration file we don't cover).</li></ol>

=== Controlling Access to Pages =INVESTIGATION 3: CONNECTING TO A SAMBA SERVER FROM A WINDOWS CLIENT==

*Now, as root on your gateway/host, try to forward incoming http connections that arrive on your host to the web server on vm1. Use an iptables command something like this:<pre>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *yourinterface* -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 192.168.X.2</pre>*You This investigation will also need to create a rule in the FORWARD chain in the default table to accept connections to port 80.*To test this setup you'll need to ask a classmate on another PC to try to use a browser to view configure your web page. S/he'll have VM2 machine to enter your host's external interface IP number in their browser's address window.*Have them view both index.html and index.php*create act as a new directory inside your '''DocumentRoot''' and move index.php inside it.*Have your partner view both files again.*We will now modify the settings on the web-Samba File server to prevent machines outside our network from accessing the private directory.*Add the following directory statement to your apache configuration (making sure to replace the X with your own network octet):<pre><Directory "/var/www/html/private"> AllowOverride None Require ip 192.168.X.0/24</Directory></pre>*This sets up separate rules and allow Windows OS Users access permissions for that subdirectory.*Your partner should no longer be able to access any pages in the private directory (or any sub-directories of it), but your other internal machines (including your host) should still have accessLinux Samba server files.

=== Install, Configure and Run MySQL Database Accessing Files on a Linux Samba Server via Windows Explorer ===

We complete the last piece of the puzzle by installingWith some additional "tweaking" to your Linux Samba server configuration file, configuring and running a database server you should be able to support your webmail application access files on that file from a Windows machine on the same network. You will be installed and setup in creating a later labSamba share for your home directory of your regular user account.

MySQL is used to allow storage and retrieval of structured data. SQL is a command language (used by scripting languages such as PHP) to allow programmers to access databases contained within a server (or other servers via a network) to be used within web-based applications via '''Perform the web-browser.following tasks:'''

We won# Make certain that your 't spend much time learning ''VM2''' machine is running, is still allowing samba traffic through the firewall, and is still running the samba service.# Use the details of MySQL configuration but Windows machine you are already running Vmware on. If you have a Linux host - good for you, you need can either use a basic server set upWindows VM or skip this part.# Add the prerouting and forwarding rules to your host's iptables necessary to redirect samba traffic from outside your network to your VM2, making sure to replace the X with your own network address.::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 139 -d 192. You may remember 168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 445 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>OR with specifing the interface (whichever works):::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>where *externalinterface* is an interface name (e.g. ens33)<br>'''NOTE:''' when you restart libvirtd, it will move your FORWARD rules to the end of the chain, invalidating them.# Modify the '''hosts allow''' setting up MySQL on your '''vm2''' to also accept connections from OPS235 - it is basically the same conceptwindows machine you are using.# Open the Windows File Explorer application.# At the top of the application, enter the following:<br>'''\\EXTERNAL_IPADDR_OF_HOST\home'''

{{Admon/tip |MySQL / SQL Language Resources|Again, MySQL can be a complex topic: Seneca has an entire course that concentrates on using SQL commands! Here is a link to MySQL / SQL Language resources: [http://www.w3schools.com/sql/ MySQL / SQL Language Resources].}}width="40%" align="right" cellpadding="10"

|- valign="top"|[[Image:samba-login.png|thumb|right|300px|You will be prompted (once only) for the Samba user-name and password for your '''VM2'''machine). ]]|[[Image:samba3-map-drive.png|thumb|right|300px|You can create a 'Perform the following steps''mapped network drive (z:)'''for your Linux Samba server network share). ]]|}

#Install <ol><li value="5"> You will be prompted to enter your samba username and password (one time only). Refer to screenshot on right.<br><br>'''mariadb-serverNOTE:'''It may take approximately 30 seconds to display the file contents.<br /><br ></li><li> Were you successful? You should have received an error stating the your credentials are incorrect. The MySQL You will notice that it adds SENEDS to the beginning of your user name, as the Seneca machine is pre-configured to be part of that workgroup.</li><li>Change the workgroup parameter in smb.conf on VM2 to match the seneca domain SENEDS, and MariaDB are actually two try to connect again.<u/li>separate</uli> projects run by different groupsWere you successful? If not, yet they are compatible; thereforetry to troubleshoot the problem first, you can use documentation from one to configure then ask your lab assistant or instructor for assistance.</li><li>Close the otherWindows File Explorer application window. <br/li><brli>#Click on the '''NOTE:START''' When installing mariadbmenu, make certain that you have not just the and click on '''clientThis PC''' but also .</li><li>Click on the Map Network Drive button, and create a '''server softwaremapped network drive'''.#When you start the MySQL service, check the system log file for instructions regarding how to set the root password. Even though we will not configure our MySQL service to be accessible over the network, (called it drive '''Z:''') which is accepted as a "best practice" configuring Samba share of your VM2 machine for network access for each MySQL installationthe home directory.#Note that the MySQL service has two root passwords:<ul/li><li>For When finished, click on '''Network''' in Windows file manager to confirm that the localhostnetwork share is present.</li><li>For external requestsTry to create a file on Windows on your Linux Samba machine. Were you able to create a save a file?</li></ulli>#Refer Switch to your VM2 machine and check to the log see if that file to learn how to run the two commands was created in order to generate the appropriate passwordsyour home directory.<br/li><br>NOTE: Use a password you make up yourself, but do <u>not</uol> generate a secret password, since you will be storing that password in a plain text file for later reference.#Start the service and ensure that it will start automatically every time the machine boots.

=== Test Connection to MySQL Database Server ===*While the web server (with php), and MySQL server may be working individually, we need to ensure that they can connect to each other.*Since this test will involve storing the database password in {{Admon/important |Backup your VMs!|You MUST perform a plain-text html file, we want to make sure no one else can access it.*Modify the Directory statement for your private directory to prevent any machine other than your vm1 from accessing it.*Re-start the web-server and try to access the page from another machine. Make sure that you can '''notfull backup''' do so before of ALL of your VMs whenever you continue.*Install the complete your '''php-mysqlOPS335 labs''' module so that the installation of php your web server is using can execute sql statements. You will have to restart the service after installing it.*Modify the index.php page in your private directory to match the code below. This will test that your web server can connect to the database (replace the user, password, and database with values appropriate for your machine).<pre><?php$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "user", "password", "database");if ($mysqli->connect_errno) { echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: (" . $mysqli->connect_errno . ") " . $mysqli->connect_error;}echo $mysqli->host_info . "\n";?></pre>*Once that page shows a successful connection or when working on your VM ('''Localhost via UNIX socketOPS335 assignments''') this step is complete.*You have now established that the web server is able to run code which can interract with should be using the database. This will allow dynamic pages to make use of information stored there when providing resources to your usersdump or rsync command VMs.}}

{{Admon/important |Backup your VMs!|You MUST perform a '''full backup''' of ALL of Record steps, commands, and your VMs whenever you complete observations from this INVESTIGATION in your '''OPS335 labslab log-book''' or when working on your '''OPS335 assignments'''. You should be using the dump command, and you should use the Bash shell script that you were adviced to create in order to backup all of your VMs.}}

'''Record steps, commands==COMPLETING THE LAB==In completing this lab you have gained experience using a service that allows remote access to files stored on a Linux server. You have also learned how to use several different tools to access those files, both from a Linux and your observations on this investigation in your OPS335 lab log-book'''Windows client..

== COMPLETING THE LAB =Online Submission===Follow the instructions for lab 5 on blackboard.You now have a complete LAMP stack and could host a variety of web<!-pages that could include dynamically generated content and database access.-===Andrew's sections===

'''Depending You may choose to:* Submit screenshots of your work on your professor Blackboard, in which case you will either be asked don't need to come to submit the lab in class, or online. Follow * Or come to the appropriate set of instructions belowlab, show me your work, and talk to me about it.I want to hear what you'''ve learned and answer any questions you have.

===Online Submission (Peter CallaghanYou's Classes only)===Follow ll get the instructions for lab 5 on moodlesame grade regardless of how you choose to submit your work.

::<span style===In Class Submission==="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span> Proof of network share of VM2 machine from Windows VM via Windows Explorer application::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Download the labcheck5.bash checking bash shell script by issuing the commandFirewall settings on your Windows VM to allow Linux Samba network share::<brspan style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;<br/span>Display contents of '''wget http://matrix.senecac.on.ca/~peter.callaghan/filesetc/OPS335samba/labcheck5smb.bashconf'''file on VM2 machine::<brspan style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;<br/span>set execute permission and run the shell script on your '''c7host''' machine. Firewall exceptions (both machines) to allow Samba traffic::*For '''Peter's classes''', follow his Online Submission instructions in Moodle.<span style="color:green;font-size:*For '''Murray's classes''', 1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Download and run command (piping to the '''morehttps://ict.senecacollege.ca/~andrew.smith/ops335/labcheck5.bash''' command) and show output to instructor.

# What does the term LAMP SMB stand for?#What does CIFS stand for? Briefly describe the purpose of each of the following items in LAMP.# What is the major difference between a static web document and a dynamic documentpurpose of the '''testparm''' command?# What does the term text inside square brackets in the '''smb.conf''' file mean? (e.g., "server-side programming[home]" mean?).# What is Explain the purpose meaning of creating and using an indexthe line "create mask = 0765" in the smb.html conf file?# What is does the purpose of creating and using an index.php file'''smbpasswd''' command do?