==WEB SERVER RESOURCES==[[Image:lamp.png|thumb|right|300px|To provide additional help make your web resource more dynamic (for web apps such as webmail) several services are also required. A popular acronym to represent these foundations and servers is referred to as '''LAMP'''. It stands for '''Linux''', '''Apache''', '''MySQL''', and '''PHP''' (or ''Python'').<br><br>Image by Shmuel Csaba Otto Traian,<br>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28224098)<br>(viaCategory: OPS335]][[httpCategory://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0OPS335 Labs]) ]]Online References:

In this This labwill first install, setup, we and enable a Samba server. Then users will look at several separate technologies that are used with access files on the Apache web Linux Samba server to install, configure from Linux and Windows client machines (both graphically and run web applicationscommand line).

If In this investigation, we want to add more features for our web-page (eg. dynamic functionality, security, e-commerce, etc), your webserver would need additional help. To provide additional help requires several resources - more than just the web server itself. A popular acronym to represent these foundations and servers is referred to as will set up a '''LAMPSamba server'''. It stands for on our '''LinuxVM2'''machine. We will first install, '''Apache''', '''MySQL'''configure and enable the samba server on our virtual machine, and '''PHP''' (or ''Python'')then we will quickly test to see if the Samba server works.

# Create another virtual Make certain that both your '''VM1''' and '''VM2''' machines are running.#Switch to your '''VM2''' machine called as the '''vm4root''' from scratch (only a minimal setup is needed)user. If you forgot how #Issue the following Linux command to do this, refer to [httpinstall Samba server utlity://zenit.senecac.on.ca/wiki/index.php/OPS335_Installation_Lab#VM_Installation Lab1].<br>'''yum install samba samba-client'''<br>#Copy the file '''For Interest:/etc/samba/smb.conf''' As an optional exerciseto another filename by issuing the following command: configure all your network settings (except the firewall) using the installation wizard during installation static IP<br>(the address '''192cp /etc/samba/smb.168conf /etc/samba/smb.Xconf.5original'''#Clear the contents of the configuration file by running ''' should be available)cat /dev/null > /etc/samba/smb.<br><br>conf'''# Configure your Edit '''vm4/etc/samba/smb.conf''' virtual machine in so that the same way file that you've configured contains the other three main VMs. This should be a quick exercise for you by now, includingfollowing lines:::* The Linux installation [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = "put your real name here without the quotes" encrypt passwords = yes security = user passdb backend = tdbsam [home] comment = "put your real name here without the quotes" path = /home/<yourSenecaID> public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 [homes] comment = automatic home share public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 browseable = no<ol><li value="3">Append (minimum installadd)::* If you didn't setup the network configuration during installation, make certain following parameter to connect the bottom of the '''[global] section''' that will limit access to the correct share so that only machines in your virtual network with a static IPwill be able to access it:</li><br/ol>(the address hosts allow = 192.168.Xx. 127.0.0.5 should be available),1::* Making sure you're using your internal DNS server <ol><li value="4">Append (make reference add) the following parameter to vm4's IPADDR for domain resolution)::* Configuring default rules for your iptables firewall (hint: use saved shell scripts)::* Allowing passwordless login from the host's root account (for future backups)::* Disabling ''[home] section'selinux''' since you don't know how to configure it properly.so that only your user account can access that share:</li><br/ol> valid users = <bryourSenecaID><ol><li value="35">Test your Create a Samba account and password for yourSenecaID by issuing the following command:<br>'''vm4smbpasswd -a <yourSenecaID>''' virtual machine to make certain that it functions correctly.</li></ol>

=== Install{{Admon/tip|Changing Existing Samba Account Passwords|If you need to change a user's existing Samba account password, Configure & Run a Webserver (Apache) ===you can issue the following command as root: '''smbpasswd username'''.}}

Next<ol><li value="6">Confirm the user you created has been added using the following command:<br>'''pdbedit -L -v'''</li><li>Test and review your configuration with the command:<br>'''testparm'''</li><li>Use the '''systemctl''' command to start the smb.service and enable the service to run on boot-up</li><li>If you have SELinux set to enforcing, since we you'll will be need to tell it to allow samba access to home directories by running: <br> '''setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs 1'''</li><li>Use the '''ss -nautp''' command to see with port Samba is running a webmail applicationon.</li><li>Use the information in the previous step to modify the firewall on VM2 machine to allow samba traffic.</li><li>Test to see that you can connect to your Samba server (locally) by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbclient -U <yourSenecaID> -L 127.0.0.1'''</li><li>When prompted, enter your Samba account password.</li><li>The output from that issued command show appear similar to example displayed below:</li></ol> Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- home Disk Your Name IPC$ IPC IPC Service ("Your Name") Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment ------ ------- WorkGroup Master --------- ------ <ol><li value="13">To access the Samba client shell on your local Samba share, we need issue the following command:<br>'''smbclient '\\127.0.0.1\home' -U <yourSenecaID>'''</li><li>Enter your Samba account password.</li><li>Issue the help command to installnote common commands (''dir'', ''cd'', ''ls'', ''put'', configure and run a webserver on our Linux VM''get''). Note how similar they are to ''sftp'' commands.</li><li>Enter '''exit''' to terminal your local Samba session.</li></ol>

{{Admon/tip |Apache Webserver Resources|Apache web-server configuration You can be use smbclient to access, browse and share files within other Linux and Windows servers using a very complex topic (covering an entire course!). Although this lab focuses only on one small application variety of a web-server, you can refer to the following link to refer to additional configuration help: [http://www.hitmill.com/computers/apache.htm Apache Resources]tools which will be demonstrated in Investigations 2 and 3.}}

'''Perform the following Record steps:, commands, and your observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your OPS335 lab log-book'''

#Make certain you are in your '''VM4''' machine.#Install the Apache package (the name of the package is: '''httpd''').#Start the httpd service, and enable this service to start automatically upon system startup.#Make certain to configure your firewall to allow access to the httpd service (i.e. the Apache serves HTTP traffic which goes over TCP port '''80''').#Open a web-browser in your '''host''' machine and enter the following URL: '''vm4.youruserid.org'''.<br>If you setup your Apache webserver correctly, you should be able to view the Apache Test page.#Delete the file '''/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf''' to remove the default webpage.#Although we will not be exploring webservers in depth, we will have you create a simple webpage for testing purposes, then later setup a web resource for webmail.#The term'''DocumentRoot''' specifies where the Apache webserver will search for documents to serve. Create the file '''index.html''' in your '''DocumentRoot''' directory with the following contents (replace the date with the current one)==INVESTIGATION 2:CONNECTING TO A LINUX SMB SERVER FROM A LINUX CLIENT==

<pre>Hello, In this is investigation you will explore some of the different ways to access a shared directory from a web page on vm4.youridLinux client machine (VM1).org and the current time is Mar 28 22:16:27 EDT 2016!</pre>

<ol><li value="9">If you refresh your web-browser page in Firefox, you should see the contents of your ''index.html'' document. If you wish, you can specify the filename index.html in the address, but it is not necessary, since the file index.html is automatically loaded by default when the URL refers to that directory containing that file.</li></ol>== Installing and Using smbclient ===

{{Admon/tip |Using the '''index.html''' file|It is considered to be a "best practice" to create '''index.html''' files for newly-created subdirectories within Perform the following steps on your VM1'''DocumentRoot''' (or users' '''public_html''' directories) to force a display of a web-page, instead of viewing the directories "index" listing of files (from "curious eyes"): that is why the name of the file is called ''"index.html"''.}}

<ol><li value="10">Refresh your web-page by issuing the keycombination: '''ctrl-r'''. Notice that the time doesn't change as you refresh the page. This indicates that the page is static (not dynamic) indicating Note that the page does not change (i.e. boring!)this tool only gave temporary access with a limited set of commands.</li></ol>

=== Creating a PHP Script Using 'mount -t cifs' ===

In order Instead of always having to allow us to run a webserver application in a web-browser, we need a scripting language that will allow use the web-browser smbclient command to function dynamically (i.e. being able connect to change frequentlyyour network share, as opposed to being "static" or unchanging). In this section, we will demonstrate how a scripting language (PHP) you can be used for have the webshare automatically mounted upon your file server boot-browser to react in a more dynamic fashionup.

'''Perform the following steps:on your VM1'''

#Replace our Issue the following commands to create a mount-point and to mount your home directory from your vm2 machine:<source> mkdir /tmp/vm2-home mount -t cifs //vm2/home /tmp/vm2-home -o username=<yourSenecaID> ls /tmp/vm2-home</source>#Create a file in that directory, then switch to '''index.htmlvm2''' file with an to confirm that it was created.#Use umount on '''index.phpvm1''' with the following contents:to unmount that directory.

<ol><li value="2">On your host machine, again refresh your web-browser. Notice Note that in a web browser the ''index.php'' file isn't treated as a default page and the contents don't contain the date, but instead are displaying the text in the php code you entered into the index.php file (refer to above code).</li><li>The reason this occurs is that tool would leave the PHP interpreter hasn't been installed on your Centos vm4 by default.</li><li>Install directory mounted until the php packeage on your vm4 machine. NOTE: The php package comes with a working default Apache configuration so you don't need to enable rebooted or it was manuallyunmounted.</li><li>Refresh It would also allow other users access to the webpage for your web-browser on your host machine. You should now notice that you see the date instead directory, as it effectively became part of the call local filesystem. It could even be added to the date command. Refresh your webpage several times fstab to see how the time changes. This is simply a "trivial example" of dynamic web content does it does provide a simple demonstration of how scripting languages can be used to create more dynamic webpagesmounted on boot (though this would require another configuration file we don't cover).</li></ol>

=== Install, Configure and Run MySQL Database Server =INVESTIGATION 3: CONNECTING TO A SAMBA SERVER FROM A WINDOWS CLIENT==

We complete the last piece of the puzzle by installing, configuring and running This investigation will configure your VM2 machine to act as a database Samba File server to support your webmail application that will be installed and setup in allow Windows OS Users access to the next investigationLinux Samba server files.

MySQL is used to allow storage and retrieval of structured data. SQL is ===Accessing Files on a command language (used by scripting languages such as PHP) to allow programmers to access databases contained within a server (or other servers via a network) to be used within web-based applications Linux Samba Server via the web-browser.Windows Explorer ===

We won't spend much time learning the details of MySQL With some additional "tweaking" to your Linux Samba server configuration but file, you need should be able to access files on that file from a basic server set upWindows machine on the same network. You may remember when setting up MySQL from OPS235 - it is basically the same conceptwill be creating a Samba share for your home directory of your regular user account.

{{Admon/tip |MySQL / SQL Language Resources|Again, MySQL can be a complex topic'''Perform the following tasks: Seneca has an entire course that concentrates on using SQL commands! Here is a link to MySQL / SQL Language resources: [http://www.w3schools.com/sql/ MySQL / SQL Language Resources].}}'''

'''Perform the following steps:''' #Install '''MySQL''' (you may notice Make certain that ityour 's actually called ''VM2'MariaDB''' now).<br><br> The MySQL and MariaDB are actually two <u>separate</u> projects run by different groupsmachine is running, yet they are compatible; thereforeis still allowing samba traffic through the firewall, you can use documentation from one to configure and is still running the othersamba service. <br><br>#'''NOTE:''' When installing mysqlUse the Windows machine you are already running Vmware on. If you have a Linux host - good for you, make certain that you have not just the '''client''' but also the '''server software'''can either use a Windows VM or skip this part.#When you start Add the MySQL service, you will receive get some instructions contained in the log file regarding how prerouting and forwarding rules to set the root password. Even though we will not configure our MySQL service your host's iptables necessary to be accessible over the redirect samba traffic from outside your networkto your VM2, it is accepted as a "best practice" configuring for making sure to replace the X with your own network access for each MySQL installationaddress.#Note that the MySQL service has two root passwords::<ulcode>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 139 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT<li/code>For the localhost::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 445 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</licode>::<licode>For external requestsiptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</licode>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</ulcode>#Refer to OR with specifing the log file interface (whichever works):::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to learn how -destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to run the two commands in order to generate the appropriate passwords-destination 192.168.X.3<br/code>where *externalinterface* is an interface name (e.g. ens33)<br>'''NOTE: Use a password ''' when you make up yourselfrestart libvirtd, but do <u>not</u> generate a secret passwordit will move your FORWARD rules to the end of the chain, since you will be storing that password in a plain text file for later referenceinvalidating them.#If you have performed Modify the steps in INVESTIGATION 1 correctly, then we can proceed '''hosts allow''' setting on your '''vm2''' to also accept connections from the windows machine you are using.# Open the next investigation to install, configure and test-out accessing encrypted email messages (performed in labs 4b, 4c, and 4d), but use a convenient webmail Windows File Explorer application via any web-browser.  # At the top of the application, enter the following:<br>'''Record steps, commands, and your observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your OPS335 lab log-book\\EXTERNAL_IPADDR_OF_HOST\home'''

 == INVESTIGATION 2: INSTALL, CONFIGURE &amp; RUN WEBMAIL APPLICATION (Roundcube Mail) =={|cellpadding="15" width="40%" align="right" cellpadding="10"

||width="10%" | [[Image:Roundcubesamba-login.png|thumb|right|300px|You will be prompted (once only) for the Samba user-name and password for your '''RoundcubeVM2''' webmail application Logo<br>GPL,<br> https://commonsmachine).wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1772791]]||width="10%" |[[Image:roundcubesamba3-picmap-drive.png|thumb|right|550px300px|Screencapture of You can create a '''roundcubemapped network drive (z:)''' webmail application running in order to send and receive mail messages via a web-browserfor your Linux Samba server network share).]]  

In <ol><li value="5"> You will be prompted to enter your samba username and password (one time only). Refer to screenshot on right.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' It may take approximately 30 seconds to display the file contents.<br><br></li><li>Were you successful? You should have received an error stating the your credentials are incorrect. You will notice that it adds SENEDS to the beginning of your user name, as the Seneca machine is pre-configured to be part of that workgroup.</li><li>Change the investigationworkgroup parameter in smb.conf on VM2 to match the seneca domain SENEDS, we will simply installand try to connect again.</li><li>Were you successful? If not, try to troubleshoot the problem first, then ask your lab assistant or instructor for assistance.</li><li>Close the Windows File Explorer application window.</li><li>Click on the '''START''' menu, configure and run click on '''This PC'''.</li><li>Click on the Map Network Drive button, and create a '''mapped network drive'''roundcube(called it drive ''' webmail applicationZ:''') which is a Samba share of your VM2 machine for the home directory.</li><li>When finished, click on '''Network''' in Windows file manager to confirm that the network share is present.</li><li>Try to create a file on Windows on your Linux Samba machine. Were you able to create a save a file?</li><li>Switch to your VM2 machine and check to see if that file was created in your home directory.</li></ol>

{{Admon/important |Backup your VMs!|You MUST perform a '''Perform the following steps:full backup''' of ALL of your VMs whenever you complete your '''OPS335 labs''' or when working on your '''OPS335 assignments'''. You should be using the dump or rsync command VMs.}}

#Perform a search on the roundcube application in order to access the website.#Either Download the "zipped tarball" from their website from a direct link or use the wget command to download directly from a download link (This part may take some effort depending on the Sourceforge website).#Extract the "zipped tarball" and rename the generated directory that contains download source code to: '''webmail'''.#In the directory now named "webmail"Record steps, commands, there will be a file named '''INSTALLand your observations from this INVESTIGATION in your OPS335 lab log-book''' which will walk you through the rest of the Roundcube installation.<br><br>Some installation tips to consider:

::* Be careful about copying &amp; pasting the MySQL setup part: take time and pay attention to detail: do not try ==COMPLETING THE LAB==In completing this lab you have gained experience using a service that allows remote access to "rush it"files stored on a Linux server.::* You will need have also learned how to install use several additional Apache modules including: '''php-xml''', '''php-pdo'''different tools to access those files, both from a Linux and '''php-mysql'''Windows client.::* Don't forget to set the password in the roundcube configuration.

<ol><li value="3">Note that both of your IMAP and SMTP servers are ==Online Submission===Follow the instructions for lab 5 on different machines (iblackboard.e. not on vm4). Therefore, you will need to set the following options for Roundcube:</li></ol>!--===Andrew's sections===

You may choose to::* '''$config['smtp_server']'''::* Submit screenshots of your work on Blackboard, in which case you don'''$config['default_host']'''t need to come to the lab.::* Or come to the lab, show me your work, and talk to me about it. I want to hear what you'''$config['default_port']'''ve learned and answer any questions you have.

:::You'''NOTE:''' The last <u>two</u> entries above refer ll get the same grade regardless of how you choose to submit your IMAP serverwork.

::<olspan style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Proof of network share of VM2 machine from Windows VM via Windows Explorer application::<li valuespan style="4color:green;font-size:1.5em;">You should be able &#x2713;</span> Firewall settings on your Windows VM to test the configuration in your Roundcube installer after completing Step 3allow Linux Samba network share::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</lispan>Display contents of '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' file on VM2 machine::<lispan style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">Try &#x2713;</span> Firewall exceptions (both machines) to test if the roundcube webmail application is working by sending and receiving eallow Samba traffic::<span style="color:green;font-mail messagessize:1.5em;">&#x2713;</lispan>Download and run '''https://ict.senecacollege.ca/~andrew.smith/ops335/labcheck5.bash'''::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</olspan>Completed Lab5 log-book notes.-->

'''Record steps, commands, and your observations in INVESTIGATION 2 in your OPS335 lab log-book''' == COMPLETING THE LAB EXPLORATION QUESTIONS== Students should be prepared with '''all required commands (system information) displayed in a terminal (or multiple terminals) prior to calling the instructor for signoff'''. '''Arrange evidence (command output) for each of these items on your screen, then ask your instructor to review them and sign off on the lab's completion:''' ::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Your webmail showing your inbox::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Your webmail sending an email out::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>You receiving that mail on an exernal account

==EXPLORATION QUESTIONS== # What does the term LAMP SMB stand for? Briefly describe the purpose of each of the following items in LAMP.# How What does a webmail application differ from using another MUA like ThunderbirdCIFS stand for?# What is the major difference between a static web document and a dynamic documentpurpose of the '''testparm''' command?# What does the term "server-side programming" mean?# What is text inside square brackets in the purpose of creating and using an index'''smb.html conf''' filemean?(e.g., "[home]").# What is Explain the purpose meaning of creating and using an indexthe line "create mask = 0765" in the smb.php conf file?# List the additional Apache modules that are required in order to run What does the Roundcube web application'''smbpasswd''' command do?