Changes

==WEB SERVER RESOURCES==[[Image:lamp.png|thumb|right|500px|To provide additional help make your web resource more dynamic (for web apps such as webmail) several services are also required. A popular acronym to represent these foundations and servers is referred to as '''LAMP'''. It stands for '''Linux''', '''Apache''', '''MySQL''', and '''PHP''' (or ''Python'').<br><br>Image by Shmuel Csaba Otto Traian,<br>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28224098)<br>(viaCategory: OPS335]][[httpCategory://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0OPS335 Labs]) ]]Online References:

The basic purpose of In this investigation, we will set up a '''Samba server''' on our '''VM2''' machine. We will first install, configure and enable the Apache web samba server is to serve text pages, imageson our virtual machine, and other static files. You can format those web-pages then we will quickly test to appear nice, but they would lack dynamic functionality (i.e. see if the ability to change colors or font-size when the mouse moves over a link, button, etc). In other words using Apache web-Samba server as a sole application would not make your web-pages more interestingworks.

# Create another virtual Make certain that both your '''VM1''' and '''VM2''' machines are running.#Switch to your '''VM2''' machine called as the '''vm4root''' from scratch (only a minimal setup is needed)user. If you forgot how #Issue the following Linux command to do this, refer to [httpinstall Samba server utlity://zenit.senecac.on.ca/wiki/index.php/OPS335_Installation_Lab#VM_Installation Lab1].<br>'''yum install samba samba-client'''<br>#Copy the file '''For Interest:/etc/samba/smb.conf''' As an optional exerciseto another filename by issuing the following command: configure all your network settings (except the firewall) using the installation wizard during installation static IP<br>(the address '''192cp /etc/samba/smb.168conf /etc/samba/smb.Xconf.5original'''#Clear the contents of the configuration file by running ''' should be available)cat /dev/null > /etc/samba/smb.<br><br>conf'''# Configure your Edit '''vm4/etc/samba/smb.conf''' virtual machine in so that the same way file that you've configured contains the other three main VMs. This should be a quick exercise for you by now, includingfollowing lines:::* The Linux installation [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = "put your real name here without the quotes" encrypt passwords = yes security = user passdb backend = tdbsam [home] comment = "put your real name here without the quotes" path = /home/<yourSenecaID> public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 [homes] comment = automatic home share public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 browseable = no<ol><li value="3">Append (minimum installadd)::* If you didn't setup the network configuration during installation, make certain following parameter to connect the bottom of the '''[global] section''' that will limit access to the correct share so that only machines in your virtual network with a static IPwill be able to access it:</li><br/ol>(the address hosts allow = 192.168.Xx. 127.0.0.5 should be available),1::* Making sure you're using your internal DNS server <ol><li value="4">Append (make reference add) the following parameter to vm4's IPADDR for domain resolution)::* Configuring default rules for your iptables firewall (hint: use saved shell scripts)::* Allowing passwordless login from the host's root account (for future backups)::* Disabling ''[home] section'selinux''' since you don't know how to configure it properly.so that only your user account can access that share:</li><br/ol> valid users = <bryourSenecaID><ol><li value="35">Test your Create a Samba account and password for yourSenecaID by issuing the following command:<br>'''vm4smbpasswd -a <yourSenecaID>''' virtual machine to make certain that it functions correctly.</li></ol>

=== Install{{Admon/tip|Changing Existing Samba Account Passwords|If you need to change a user's existing Samba account password, Configure & Run a Webserver (Apache) ===you can issue the following command as root: '''smbpasswd username'''.}}

Next<ol><li value="6">Confirm the user you created has been added using the following command:<br>'''pdbedit -L -v'''</li><li>Test and review your configuration with the command:<br>'''testparm'''</li><li>Use the '''systemctl''' command to start the smb.service and enable the service to run on boot-up</li><li>If you have SELinux set to enforcing, since we you'll will be need to tell it to allow samba access to home directories by running: <br> '''setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs 1'''</li><li>Use the '''ss -nautp''' command to see with port Samba is running a webmail applicationon.</li><li>Use the information in the previous step to modify the firewall on VM2 machine to allow samba traffic.</li><li>Test to see that you can connect to your Samba server (locally) by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbclient -U <yourSenecaID> -L 127.0.0.1'''</li><li>When prompted, enter your Samba account password.</li><li>The output from that issued command show appear similar to example displayed below:</li></ol> Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- home Disk Your Name IPC$ IPC IPC Service ("Your Name") Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment ------ ------- WorkGroup Master --------- ------ <ol><li value="13">To access the Samba client shell on your local Samba share, we need issue the following command:<br>'''smbclient '\\127.0.0.1\home' -U <yourSenecaID>'''</li><li>Enter your Samba account password.</li><li>Issue the help command to installnote common commands (''dir'', ''cd'', ''ls'', ''put'', configure and run a webserver on our Linux VM''get''). Note how similar they are to ''sftp'' commands.</li><li>Enter '''exit''' to terminal your local Samba session.</li></ol>

{{Admon/tip |Apache Webserver Resources|Apache web-server configuration You can be use smbclient to access, browse and share files within other Linux and Windows servers using a very complex topic (covering an entire course!). Although this lab focuses only on one small application variety of a web-server, you can refer to the following link to refer to additional configuration help: [http://www.hitmill.com/computers/apache.htm Apache Resources]tools which will be demonstrated in Investigations 2 and 3.}}

'''Perform the following Record steps:, commands, and your observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your OPS335 lab log-book'''

#Make certain you are in your '''VM4''' machine.#Install the Apache package (the name of the package is: '''httpd''').#Start the httpd service, and enable this service to start automatically upon system startup.#Make certain to configure your firewall to allow access to the httpd service (i.e. the Apache serves HTTP traffic which goes over TCP port '''80''').#Open a web-browser in your '''host''' machine and enter the following URL: '''vm4.youruserid.org'''.<br>If you setup your Apache webserver correctly, you should be able to view the Apache Test page.#Delete the file '''/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf''' to remove the default webpage.#Although we will not be exploring webservers in depth, we will have you create a simple webpage for testing purposes, then later setup a web resource for webmail.#The term'''DocumentRoot''' specifies where the Apache webserver will search for documents to serve. Create the file '''index.html''' in your '''DocumentRoot''' directory with the following contents (replace the date with the current one)==INVESTIGATION 2:CONNECTING TO A LINUX SMB SERVER FROM A LINUX CLIENT==

<pre>Hello, In this is investigation you will explore some of the different ways to access a shared directory from a web page on vm4.youridLinux client machine (VM1).org and the current time is Mar 28 22:16:27 EDT 2016!</pre>

<ol><li value="9">If you refresh your web-browser page in Firefox, you should see the contents of your ''index.html'' document. If you wish, you can specify the filename index.html in the address, but it is not necessary, since the file index.html is automatically loaded by default when the URL refers to that directory containing that file.</li></ol>== Installing and Using smbclient ===

{{Admon/tip |Using the '''index.html''' file|It is considered to be a "best practice" to create '''index.html''' files for newly-created subdirectories within Perform the following steps on your VM1'''DocumentRoot''' (or users' '''public_html''' directories) to force a display of a web-page, instead of viewing the directories "index" listing of files (from "curious eyes"): that is why the name of the file is called ''"index.html"''.}}

<ol><li value="10">Refresh your web-page by issuing the keycombination: '''ctrl-r'''. Notice that the time doesn't change as you refresh the page. This indicates that the page is static (not dynamic) indicating Note that the page does not change (i.e. boring!)this tool only gave temporary access with a limited set of commands.</li></ol>

=== Creating a PHP Script Using 'mount -t cifs' ===

In order Instead of always having to allow us to run a webserver application in a web-browser, we need a scripting language that will allow use the web-browser smbclient command to function dynamically (i.e. being able connect to change frequentlyyour network share, as opposed to being "static" or unchanging). In this section, we will demonstrate how a scripting language (PHP) you can be used for have the webshare automatically mounted upon your file server boot-browser to react in a more dynamic fashionup.

'''Perform the following steps:''' #Replace our '''index.html''' file with an '''index.php''' with the following contents: <pre>Hello, this is a web page on vm4.yourid.org and the current time is <?php system("date"); ?>!</pre> <ol><li value="2">On your host machine, again refresh your web-browser. Notice that in a web browser the ''index.phpVM1'' file isn't treated as a default page and the contents don't contain the date, but instead are displaying the text in the php code you entered into the index.php file (refer to above code).</li><li>The reason this occurs is that the PHP interpreter hasn't been installed on your Centos vm4 by default.</li><li>Install the php packeage on your vm4 machine. NOTE: The php package comes with a working default Apache configuration so you don't need to enable it manually.</li><li>Refresh the webpage for your web-browser on your host machine. You should now notice that you see the date instead of the call to the date command. Refresh your webpage several times to see how the time changes. This is simply a "trivial example" of dynamic web content does it does provide a simple demonstration of how scripting languages can be used to create more dynamic webpages.</li></ol>

#Issue the following commands to create a mount-point and to mount your home directory from your vm2 machine:<source> mkdir /tmp/vm2-home mount -t cifs //vm2/home /tmp/vm2-home -o username=== Install<yourSenecaID> ls /tmp/vm2-home</source>#Create a file in that directory, Configure and Run MySQL Database Server ===then switch to '''vm2''' to confirm that it was created.#Use umount on '''vm1''' to unmount that directory.

MySQL is used Note that this tool would leave the directory mounted until the machine rebooted or it was manually unmounted. It would also allow other users access to allow storage and retrieval the directory, as it effectively became part of structured datathe local filesystem. SQL is a command language (used by scripting languages such as PHP) It could even be added to allow programmers fstab to access databases contained within a server be mounted on boot (or other servers via a networkthough this would require another configuration file we don't cover) to be used within web-based applications via the web-browser.

{{Admon/tip |Using MySQL|Again, MySQL can be This investigation will configure your VM2 machine to act as a complex topic: Seneca has an entire course that concentrates on using MySQL commands! Here is a link Samba File server to allow Windows OS Users access to MySQL resources: [ MySQL Resources]the Linux Samba server files.}} '''Perform the following steps:'''

#Install '''MySQL''' (you may notice that it's actually called '''MariaDB''' now).<br><br> The MySQL and MariaDB are actually two <u>separate</u> projects run by different groups, yet they are compatible; therefore, you can use documentation from one to configure the other. <br><br>#'''NOTE:''' When installing mysql, make certain that you have not just the '''client''' but also the '''server software'''.#When you start the MySQL service, you will receive get some instructions contained in the log file regarding how to set the root password. Even though we will not configure our MySQL service to be accessible over the network, it is accepted as ===Accessing Files on a "best practice" configuring for network access for each MySQL installation.#Note that the MySQL service has two root passwords:<ul><li>For the localhost</li><li>For external requests</li></ul>#Refer to the log file to learn how to run the two commands in order to generate the appropriate passwords.<br><br>NOTE: Use a password you make up yourself, but do <u>not</u> generate a secret password, since you will be storing that password in a plain text file for later reference.#If you have performed the steps in INVESTIGATION 1 correctly, then we can proceed to the next investigation to install, configure and test-out accessing encrypted email messages (performed in labs 4b, 4c, and 4d), but use a convenient webmail application Linux Samba Server via any web-browser.Windows Explorer ===

'''Record steps, commands, and your observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your OPS335 lab log-bookPerform the following tasks:'''

== INVESTIGATION 2: INSTALL, CONFIGURE &amp; RUN WEBMAIL APPLICATION (Roundcube Mail) =={|cellpadding="15" width="40%" align="right" cellpadding="10"

||width="10%" | [[Image:Roundcubesamba-login.png|thumb|right|300px|You will be prompted (once only) for the Samba user-name and password for your '''RoundcubeVM2''' webmail application Logo<br>GPL,<br> https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/indexmachine).php?curid=1772791]]||width="10%" |[[Image:roundcubesamba3-map-screencapturedrive.png|thumb|right|85px300px|Screencapture of You can create a '''roundcubemapped network drive (z:)''' webmail applicationfor your Linux Samba server network share). ]]  

In the investigation, we <ol><li value="5"> You will simply install, configure be prompted to enter your samba username and run the '''roundcube''' webmail applicationpassword (one time only). Refer to screenshot on right. <br><br>'''Perform the following stepsNOTE:''' #Perform a search on the roundcube application in order to access the website.#Either Download the "zipped tarball" from their website from a direct link or use the wget command to download directly from a download link (This part It may take some effort depending on the Sourceforge website).#Extract the "zipped tarball" and rename the generated directory that contains download source code approximately 30 seconds to: '''webmail'''.#In display the directory now named "webmail", there will be a file named '''INSTALL''' which will walk you through the rest of the Roundcube installationcontents.<br><br>Some installation tips to consider: ::* Be careful about copying &amp; pasting </li><li>Were you successful? You should have received an error stating the MySQL setup part: take time and pay attention to detail: do not try to "rush it"your credentials are incorrect.::* You will need notice that it adds SENEDS to install several additional Apache modules including: '''php-xml'''the beginning of your user name, '''phpas the Seneca machine is pre-pdo''', and '''php-mysql'''configured to be part of that workgroup.::* Don't forget to set </li><li>Change the password workgroup parameter in smb.conf on VM2 to match the roundcube configurationseneca domain SENEDS, and try to connect again. <ol/li><li value="3">Note that both of your IMAP and SMTP servers are on different machines (i.e. Were you successful? If not on vm4). Therefore, you will need try to set troubleshoot the following options problem first, then ask your lab assistant or instructor for Roundcube:assistance.</li><li>Close the Windows File Explorer application window.</olli><li> ::* Click on the '''$config[START'smtp_server']'menu, and click on ''::* 'This PC''$config['default_host.</li><li>Click on the Map Network Drive button, and create a ']''mapped network drive'::* ''(called it drive '$config['default_port']Z:''' :::) which is a Samba share of your VM2 machine for the home directory.</li><li>When finished, click on '''NOTE:Network''' The last <u>twoin Windows file manager to confirm that the network share is present.</u> entries above refer to your IMAP server <olli><li value="4">You should be able Try to test the configuration in create a file on Windows on your Roundcube installer after completing Step 3Linux Samba machine.Were you able to create a save a file?</li><li>Try Switch to your VM2 machine and check to test see if the roundcube webmail application is working by sending and receiving e-mail messagesthat file was created in your home directory.</li></ol>

{{Admon/important |Backup your VMs!|You MUST perform a '''full backup'''Record steps, commands, and of ALL of your observations in INVESTIGATION 2 in VMs whenever you complete your '''OPS335 labs''' or when working on your '''OPS335 lab log-bookassignments'''. You should be using the dump or rsync command VMs.}}

== COMPLETING THE LAB ==In completing this lab you have gained experience using a service that allows remote access to files stored on a Linux server. You have also learned how to use several different tools to access those files, both from a Linux and Windows client..

Students should be prepared with '''all required commands (system information) displayed in a terminal (or multiple terminals) prior to calling ===Online Submission===Follow the instructor instructions for signofflab 5 on blackboard.<!--===Andrew'''.s sections===

'''Arrange evidence (command output) for each You may choose to:* Submit screenshots of these items your work on your screenBlackboard, then ask your instructor in which case you don't need to come to the lab.* Or come to review them and sign off on the lab, show me your work, and talk to me about it. I want to hear what you's completion:'''ve learned and answer any questions you have.

::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Your webmail showing You'll get the same grade regardless of how you choose to submit your inbox::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Your webmail sending an email out::<span style="color:green;font-size:1work.5em;">&#x2713;</span>You receiving that mail on an exernal account

#What does SMB stand for?#What does CIFS stand for?#What is the purpose of the '''testparm''' command?#What does the text inside square brackets in the '''smb.conf''' file mean? (e.g., "[home]").#Explain the meaning of the line "create mask = 0765" in the smb.conf file?#What does the '''smbpasswd''' command do?