==WEB SERVER RESOURCES==[[Image:lamp.png|thumb|right|500px|To provide additional help make your web resource more dynamic (for web apps such as webmail) several services are also required. A popular acronym to represent these foundations and servers is referred to as '''LAMP'''. It stands for '''Linux''', '''Apache''', '''MySQL''', and '''PHP''' (or ''Python'').<br><br>Image by Shmuel Csaba Otto Traian,<br>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28224098)<br>(viaCategory: OPS335]][[httpCategory://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0OPS335 Labs]) ]]Online References:

The basic purpose of the Apache web server is to serve text pagesIn this investigation, images, and other static files. You can format those web-pages to appear nice, but they would lack dynamic functionality (i.e. the ability to change colors or font-size when the mouse moves over a link, button, etc). In other words using Apache web-server as we will set up a sole application would not make your web-pages more interesting. If we want to add more features for our web-page (eg. dynamic functionality, security, e-commerce, etc), your webserver would need additional help. To provide additional help requires several resources - more than just the web server itself. A popular acronym to represent these foundations and servers is referred to as '''LAMPSamba server'''. It stands for on our '''Linux''', '''Apache''', '''MySQLVM2'''machine. We will first install, configure and '''PHP''' (or ''Python''). In your previous OPS235 course, your second assignment may have required you setup a similar series of services in order to run a Wiki enable the samba server on one of your our virtual machines. In this labmachine, and then we will set up another example of a '''"LAMP solution"''' that will allow the user quickly test to run webmail in a web-browser to send and receive e-mail messages.  == INVESTIGATION 1: SETTING UP A LAMP SOLUTION FOR WEBMAIL == === Linux Platform For Webserver (VM4) === First, create a new Linux VM that will be contained on see if the same subnet, using your existing DNS Samba server (''vm1''), and firewall settingsworks.  {{Admon/tip |Apache Webserver|WIP}}

# Create another virtual Make certain that both your '''VM1''' and '''VM2''' machines are running.#Switch to your '''VM2''' machine called as the '''vm4root''' from scratch (only a minimal setup is needed)user. If you forgot how #Issue the following Linux command to do this, refer to [httpinstall Samba server utlity://zenit.senecac.on.ca/wiki/index.php/OPS335_Installation_Lab#VM_Installation Lab1].<br>'''yum install samba samba-client'''<br>#Copy the file '''For Interest:/etc/samba/smb.conf''' As an optional exerciseto another filename by issuing the following command: configure all your network settings (except the firewall) using the installation wizard during installation static IP<br>(the address '''192cp /etc/samba/smb.168conf /etc/samba/smb.Xconf.5original'''#Clear the contents of the configuration file by running ''' should be available)cat /dev/null > /etc/samba/smb.<br><br>conf'''# Configure your Edit '''vm4/etc/samba/smb.conf''' virtual machine in so that the same way file that you've configured contains the other three main VMs. This should be a quick exercise for you by now, includingfollowing lines:::* The Linux installation [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = "put your real name here without the quotes" encrypt passwords = yes security = user passdb backend = tdbsam [home] comment = "put your real name here without the quotes" path = /home/<yourSenecaID> public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 [homes] comment = automatic home share public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 browseable = no<ol><li value="3">Append (minimum installadd)::* If you didn't setup the network configuration during installation, make certain following parameter to connect the bottom of the '''[global] section''' that will limit access to the correct share so that only machines in your virtual network with a static IPwill be able to access it:</li><br/ol>(the address hosts allow = 192.168.Xx. 127.0.0.5 should be available),1::* Making sure you're using your internal DNS server <ol><li value="4">Append (make reference add) the following parameter to vm4's IPADDR for domain resolution)::* Configuring default rules for your iptables firewall (hint: use saved shell scripts)::* Allowing passwordless login from the host's root account (for future backups)::* Disabling ''[home] section'selinux''' since you don't know how to configure it properly.so that only your user account can access that share:</li><br/ol> valid users = <bryourSenecaID><ol><li value="35">Test your Create a Samba account and password for yourSenecaID by issuing the following command:<br>'''vm4smbpasswd -a <yourSenecaID>''' virtual machine to make certain that it functions correctly.</li></ol>

=== Install{{Admon/tip|Changing Existing Samba Account Passwords|If you need to change a user's existing Samba account password, Configure & Run a Webserver (Apache) ===you can issue the following command as root: '''smbpasswd username'''.}}

Next<ol><li value="6">Confirm the user you created has been added using the following command:<br>'''pdbedit -L -v'''</li><li>Test and review your configuration with the command:<br>'''testparm'''</li><li>Use the '''systemctl''' command to start the smb.service and enable the service to run on boot-up</li><li>If you have SELinux set to enforcing, since we you'll will be need to tell it to allow samba access to home directories by running: <br> '''setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs 1'''</li><li>Use the '''ss -nautp''' command to see with port Samba is running a webmail applicationon.</li><li>Use the information in the previous step to modify the firewall on VM2 machine to allow samba traffic.</li><li>Test to see that you can connect to your Samba server (locally) by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbclient -U <yourSenecaID> -L 127.0.0.1'''</li><li>When prompted, enter your Samba account password.</li><li>The output from that issued command show appear similar to example displayed below:</li></ol> Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- home Disk Your Name IPC$ IPC IPC Service ("Your Name") Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment ------ ------- WorkGroup Master --------- ------ <ol><li value="13">To access the Samba client shell on your local Samba share, we need issue the following command:<br>'''smbclient '\\127.0.0.1\home' -U <yourSenecaID>'''</li><li>Enter your Samba account password.</li><li>Issue the help command to installnote common commands (''dir'', ''cd'', ''ls'', ''put'', configure and run a webserver on our Linux VM''get''). Note how similar they are to ''sftp'' commands.</li><li>Enter '''exit''' to terminal your local Samba session.</li></ol>

#Make certain you are in your '''VM4''' machine.#Install the Apache package (the name of the package is: '''httpd''').#Start the httpd serviceRecord steps, commands, and enable this service to start automatically upon system startup.#Make certain to configure your firewall to allow access to the httpd service (i.e. the Apache serves HTTP traffic which goes over TCP port '''80''').#Open a web-browser in your '''host''' machine and enter the following URL: '''vm4.youruserid.org'''.<br>If you setup your Apache webserver correctly, you should be able to view the Apache Test page.#Delete the file '''/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf''' to remove the default webpage.#Although we will not be exploring webservers observations in depth, we will have you create a simple webpage for testing purposes, then later setup a web resource for webmail.#The term'''DocumentRoot''' specifies where the Apache webserver will search for documents to serve. Create the file '''index.html''' INVESTIGATION 1 in your OPS335 lab log-book'''DocumentRoot''' directory with the following contents (replace the date with the current one): <pre>Hello, this is a web page on vm4.yourid.org and the current time is Mar 28 22:16:27 EDT 2016!</pre>

<ol><li value="9">If you refresh your web-browser page in Firefox, you should see the contents of your ''index.html'' document. If you wish, you can specify the filename index.html in the address, but it is not necessary, since the file index.html is automatically loaded by default when the URL refers to that directory containing that file.</li></ol>=INVESTIGATION 2: CONNECTING TO A LINUX SMB SERVER FROM A LINUX CLIENT==

{{Admon/tip |=== Installing and Using the '''index.html''' file|It is considered to be a "best practice" to create '''index.html''' files for newly-created subdirectories within the '''DocumentRoot''' (or users' '''public_html''' directories) to force a display of a web-page, instead of viewing the directories "index" listing of files (from "curious eyes"): that is why the name of the file is called ''"index.html"''.}}smbclient ===

<ol><li value="10">Refresh your web-page by issuing the keycombination: '''ctrl-rPerform the following steps on your VM1'''. Notice that the time doesn't change as you refresh the page. This indicates that the page is static (not dynamic) indicating that the page does not change (i.e. boring!).</li></ol>

=== Creating #Install the '''samba-client''' and '''cifs-utils''' packages.#Use the "smbclient" command in a PHP Script ===terminal window.<source> smbclient '\\vm2\home' -U <yourSenecaID></source>#After entering your password you should get a prompt similar to:<source> smb: \></source>#Enter the ls command to see a list of the files in your home directory:<source> smb: \> ls</source>#Once you have access to the directory use the get and put commands (similar to ftp) to move files.#When you are finished close the connection.# Try again using '''[homes]''' share instead<source> smbclient '\\vm2\homes' -U <yourSenecaID></source>

In order to allow us to run a webserver application in a web-browser, we need a scripting language Note that will allow the web-browser to function dynamically (i.e. being able to change frequently, as opposed to being "static" or unchanging). In this section, we will demonstrate how a scripting language (PHP) can be used for the web-browser to react in tool only gave temporary access with a more dynamic fashionlimited set of commands.

'''Perform Instead of always having to use the following steps:'''smbclient command to connect to your network share, you can have the share automatically mounted upon your file server boot-up.

<pre>Hello, this is a web page '''Perform the following steps on vm4.yourid.org and the current time is <?php system("date"); ?>!</pre>your VM1'''

#Issue the following commands to create a mount-point and to mount your home directory from your vm2 machine:<olsource> mkdir /tmp/vm2-home mount -t cifs //vm2/home /tmp/vm2-home -o username=<li value="2"yourSenecaID>On your host machine, again refresh your web ls /tmp/vm2-browser. Notice home</source>#Create a file in that in a web browser the directory, then switch to ''index.php'vm2' file isn't treated as a default page and the contents don't contain the date, but instead are displaying the text in the php code you entered into the index.php file (refer to above code).</li><li>The reason this occurs is confirm that the PHP interpreter hasn't been installed on your Centos vm4 by defaultit was created.</li><li>Install the php packeage #Use umount on your vm4 machine. NOTE: The php package comes with a working default Apache configuration so you don't need ''vm1''' to enable it manually.</li><li>Refresh the webpage for your web-browser on your host machine. You should now notice unmount that you see the date instead of the call to the date command. Refresh your webpage several times to see how the time changesdirectory. This is simply a "trivial example" of dynamic web content does it does provide a simple demonstration of how scripting languages can be used to create more dynamic webpages.</li></ol>

We complete Note that this tool would leave the last piece directory mounted until the machine rebooted or it was manually unmounted. It would also allow other users access to the directory, as it effectively became part of the puzzle by installing, configuring and running a database server local filesystem. It could even be added to fstab to support your webmail application that will be installed and setup in the next investigationmounted on boot (though this would require another configuration file we don't cover).

We won't spend much time learning the details of MySQL configuration but you need This investigation will configure your VM2 machine to act as a basic Samba File server set up. You may remember when setting up MySQL from OPS235 - it is basically to allow Windows OS Users access to the same conceptLinux Samba server files. {{Admon/tip |Using MYSQL|WIP}} '''Perform the following steps:'''

#Install '''MySQL''' (you may notice that it's actually called '''MariaDB''' now).<br><br> The MySQL and MariaDB are actually two <u>separate</u> projects run by different groups, yet they are compatible; therefore, you can use documentation from one to configure the other. <br><br>#'''NOTE:''' When installing mysql, make certain that you have not just the '''client''' but also the '''server software'''.#When you start the MySQL service, you will receive get some instructions contained in the log file regarding how to set the root password. Even though we will not configure our MySQL service to be accessible over the network, it is accepted as ===Accessing Files on a "best practice" configuring for network access for each MySQL installation.#Note that the MySQL service has two root passwords:<ul><li>For the localhost</li><li>For external requests</li></ul>#Refer to the log file to learn how to run the two commands in order to generate the appropriate passwords.<br><br>NOTE: Use a password you make up yourself, but do <u>not</u> generate a secret password, since you will be storing that password in a plain text file for later reference.#If you have performed the steps in INVESTIGATION 1 correctly, then we can proceed to the next investigation to install, configure and test-out accessing encrypted email messages (performed in labs 4b, 4c, and 4d), but use a convenient webmail application Linux Samba Server via any web-browser.Windows Explorer ===

'''Record steps, commands, and your observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your OPS335 lab log-bookPerform the following tasks:'''

== INVESTIGATION 2: INSTALL, CONFIGURE &amp; RUN WEBMAIL APPLICATION (Roundcube Mail) =={|cellpadding="15" width="40%" align="right" cellpadding="10"

||width="10%" | [[Image:Roundcubesamba-login.png|thumb|right|150px300px|Roundcube webmail application<br>GPL, https://commons.wikimediaYou will be prompted (once only) for the Samba user-name and password for your '''VM2''' machine).org/w/index.php?curid=1772791]]||width="10%" |[[Image:roundcubesamba3-screencapturemap-drive.png|thumb|right|85px300px|<b>USB key</b><br>You can create a '''mapped network drive (z:)''' for backupsyour Linux Samba server network share). ]]  

We'll install Roundcube Mail. Download the tarball from their website directly into the html directory of {{Admon/important |Backup your vm4 using wget. This part may take some effort depending on the Sourceforge website. VMs!|You MUST perform a '''Perform the following steps:full backup''' #Extract the tarball and rename the directory to of ALL of your VMs whenever you complete your '''webmailOPS335 labs'''.#In that directory there will be a file named or when working on your '''INSTALLOPS335 assignments''' which will walk you through the rest of the installation.<br><br>Some notes: ::* Be careful about copy-pasting the MySQL setup part, don't try to rush it.::* You'll need to install a couple more Apache modules: php-xml, php-pdo, and php-mysql.::* Don't forget to set the password in the roundcube configuration. <ol><li value="3">Note that both your IMAP and SMTP servers are on different machines, not on vm4. For that to work you'll need to set the following options for Roundcube:</li></ol> ::* $config['smtp_server']::* $config['default_host']::* $config['default_port'] :::(the last two are your IMAP server)  <ol><li value="4">You should be able to test using the configuration in your Roundcube installer Step 3dump or rsync command VMs.</li></ol> '''Record steps, commands, and your observations in INVESTIGATION 2 in your OPS335 lab log-book'''}}

== COMPLETING THE LAB ==In completing this lab you have gained experience using a service that allows remote access to files stored on a Linux server. You have also learned how to use several different tools to access those files, both from a Linux and Windows client..

Students should be prepared with '''all required commands (system information) displayed in a terminal (or multiple terminals) prior to calling ===Online Submission===Follow the instructor instructions for signofflab 5 on blackboard.<!--===Andrew'''.s sections===

'''Arrange evidence (command output) for each You may choose to:* Submit screenshots of these items your work on your screenBlackboard, then ask your instructor in which case you don't need to come to the lab.* Or come to review them and sign off on the lab, show me your work, and talk to me about it. I want to hear what you's completion:'''ve learned and answer any questions you have.

::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Your webmail showing You'll get the same grade regardless of how you choose to submit your inbox::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Your webmail sending an email out::<span style="color:green;font-size:1work.5em;">&#x2713;</span>You receiving that mail on an exernal account

#What does SMB stand for?#What does CIFS stand for?#What is the purpose of the '''testparm''' command?#What does the text inside square brackets in the '''smb.conf''' file mean? (e.g., "[home]").#Explain the meaning of the line "create mask = 0765" in the smb.conf file?#What does the '''smbpasswd''' command do?