Changes

* (Course Notes This lab's primary focus is to set up a Samba server on a Linux server in order to allow MS Windows users to share common files from the Apache Web Server)* [http://wwwLinux's Samba server.liquidweb.com/kb/how-to-install-apache-on-centos-7/ Installing Apache Webserver on Centos7]

==OVERVIEWINVESTIGATION 1: INSTALLING & CONFIGURING A SAMBA SERVER==

In this labinvestigation, we will look at several separate technologies that are used with the Apache web set up a '''Samba server to ''' on our '''VM2''' machine. We will first install, configure and run web applicationsenable the samba server on our virtual machine, and then we will quickly test to see if the Samba server works.

#Make certain you are in that both your '''VM4VM1''' machine.#Install the Apache package (the name of the package is: and '''httpdVM2''').#Start the httpd service, and enable this service to start automatically upon system startupmachines are running.#Make certain Switch to configure your firewall to allow access to the httpd service (i.e. the Apache serves HTTP traffic which goes over TCP port '''80VM2''').#Open a web-browser in your machine as the '''hostroot''' machine and enter user.#Issue the following URLLinux command to install Samba server utlity: <br>'''vm4.youruserid.orgyum install samba samba-client'''.<br>If you setup your Apache webserver correctly, you should be able to view the Apache Test page.#Delete Copy the file '''/etc/httpdsamba/smb.conf''' to another filename by issuing the following command:<br>'''cp /etc/samba/smb.dconf /etc/samba/welcomesmb.conf.original''' to remove the default webpage.#Although we will not be exploring webservers in depth, we will have you create a simple webpage for testing purposes, then later setup a web resource for webmailClear the contents of the configuration file by running '''cat /dev/null > /etc/samba/smb.conf'''#The termEdit '''DocumentRoot/etc/samba/smb.conf''' specifies where so that the file that contains the Apache webserver will search for documents following lines: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = "put your real name here without the quotes" encrypt passwords = yes security = user passdb backend = tdbsam [home] comment = "put your real name here without the quotes" path = /home/<yourSenecaID> public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 [homes] comment = automatic home share public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 browseable = no<ol><li value="3">Append (add) the following parameter to serve. Create the file bottom of the '''index.html[global] section''' that will limit access to the share so that only machines in your virtual network will be able to access it:</li></ol> hosts allow = 192.168.x. 127.0.0.1<ol><li value="4">Append (add) the following parameter to the '''DocumentRoot[home] section''' directory with the following contents (replace the date with the current one)so that only your user account can access that share:</li></ol> valid users = <yourSenecaID><preol><li value="5">Hello, this is Create a web page on vm4.yourid.org Samba account and password for yourSenecaID by issuing the current time is Mar 28 22following command:16:27 EDT 2016!<br>'''smbpasswd -a <yourSenecaID>'''</li></preol>

<ol><li value="9">{{Admon/tip|Changing Existing Samba Account Passwords|If you refresh your web-browser page in Firefoxneed to change a user's existing Samba account password, you should see can issue the contents of your following command as root: '''smbpasswd username'index.html'' document. If you wish, you can specify the filename index.html in the address, but it is not necessary, since the file index.html is automatically loaded by default when the URL refers to that directory containing that file.</li></ol>}}

{{Admon/tip |Using the '''index.html''' file|It is considered You can use smbclient to be a "best practice" to create '''index.html''' access, browse and share files for newly-created subdirectories within the '''DocumentRoot''' (or users' '''public_html''' directories) to force other Linux and Windows servers using a display variety of a web-page, instead of viewing the directories "index" listing of files (from "curious eyes"): that is why the name of the file is called "index.html"tools which will be demonstrated in Investigations 2 and 3.}}

<ol><li value="10">Refresh your web-page by issuing the keycombination=INVESTIGATION 2: '''ctrl-r'''. Notice that the time doesn't change as you refresh the page. This indicates that the page is static (not dynamic) indicating that the page does not change (i.e. boring!).</li></ol>CONNECTING TO A LINUX SMB SERVER FROM A LINUX CLIENT==

=== Creating In this investigation you will explore some of the different ways to access a PHP Script ===shared directory from a Linux client machine (VM1).

'''Perform the following steps:on your VM1'''

#Replace our Install the '''samba-client''index.html' and ''' file with an cifs-utils'''indexpackages.php#Use the "smbclient" command in a terminal window.<source> smbclient '\\vm2\home'' with -U <yourSenecaID></source>#After entering your password you should get a prompt similar to:<source> smb: \></source>#Enter the ls command to see a list of the following contentsfiles in your home directory:<source> smb: \> ls</source>#Once you have access to the directory use the get and put commands (similar to ftp) to move files.#When you are finished close the connection.# Try again using '''[homes]''' share instead<source> smbclient '\\vm2\homes' -U <yourSenecaID></source>

<pre>Hello, Note that this is tool only gave temporary access with a web page on vm4limited set of commands.yourid.org and the current time is <?php system("date"); ?>!</pre>

<ol><li value="2">On your host machine, again refresh your web== Using 'mount -browser. Notice that in a web browser the ''index.php'' file isn't treated as a default page and the contents doncifs't contain the date, but instead are displaying the text in the php code you entered into the index.php file (refer to above code).</li><li>The reason this occurs is that the PHP interpreter hasn't been installed on your Centos vm4 by default.</li><li>Install the php packeage on your vm4 machine. NOTE: The php package comes with a working default Apache configuration so you don't need to enable it manually.</li><li>Refresh the webpage for your web-browser on your host machine. You should now notice that you see the date instead of the call to the date command. Refresh your webpage several times to see how the time changes. This is simply a "trivial example" of dynamic web content does it does provide a simple demonstration of how scripting languages can be used to create more dynamic webpages.</li></ol>===

=== InstallInstead of always having to use the smbclient command to connect to your network share, Configure and Run MySQL Database Server ===you can have the share automatically mounted upon your file server boot-up.

MySQL is used to allow storage and retrieval of structured data. SQL is a command language (used by scripting languages such as PHP) to allow programmers to access databases contained within a server (or other servers via a network) to be used within web-based applications via '''Perform the web-browser.following steps on your VM1'''

We won't spend much time learning #Issue the details of MySQL configuration but you need following commands to create a basic server set up. You may remember when setting up MySQL mount-point and to mount your home directory from OPS235 your vm2 machine:<source> mkdir /tmp/vm2-home mount -t cifs //vm2/home /tmp/vm2-home -o username=<yourSenecaID> ls /tmp/vm2- home</source>#Create a file in that directory, then switch to '''vm2''' to confirm that it is basically the same conceptwas created.#Use umount on '''vm1''' to unmount that directory.

'''Perform Note that this tool would leave the directory mounted until the machine rebooted or it was manually unmounted. It would also allow other users access to the directory, as it effectively became part of the following steps:''local filesystem. It could even be added to fstab to be mounted on boot (though this would require another configuration file we don't cover).

We'll install Roundcube Mail. Download the tarball from their website directly into the html directory of your vm4 using wget. This part may take some effort depending ===Accessing Files on the Sourceforge website.a Linux Samba Server via Windows Explorer ===

'''Perform With some additional "tweaking" to your Linux Samba server configuration file, you should be able to access files on that file from a Windows machine on the following steps:'''same network. You will be creating a Samba share for your home directory of your regular user account.

#Extract the tarball and rename the directory to '''webmailPerform the following tasks:'''.#In that directory there will be a file named '''INSTALL''' which will walk you through the rest of the installation.<br><br>Some notes:

# Make certain that your '''VM2''' machine is running, is still allowing samba traffic through the firewall, and is still running the samba service.# Use the Windows machine you are already running Vmware on. If you have a Linux host - good for you, you can either use a Windows VM or skip this part.# Add the prerouting and forwarding rules to your host's iptables necessary to redirect samba traffic from outside your network to your VM2, making sure to replace the X with your own network address.::* Be careful about copy<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 139 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 445 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -pasting the MySQL setup part, don't try nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to rush it-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::* You'll need <code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to install a couple more Apache modules-destination 192.168.X.3</code>OR with specifing the interface (whichever works)::: php<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT -xml, php-pdo, and phpto-mysqldestination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>where * Donexternalinterface* is an interface name (e.g. ens33)<br>'''NOTE:''' when you restart libvirtd, it will move your FORWARD rules to the end of the chain, invalidating them.# Modify the '''hosts allow''' setting on your '''vm2'''t forget to set also accept connections from the password in windows machine you are using.# Open the roundcube configurationWindows File Explorer application.# At the top of the application, enter the following:<br>'''\\EXTERNAL_IPADDR_OF_HOST\home'''

<ol><li value{| width="340%" align="right" cellpadding="10">Note that both your IMAP and SMTP servers are on different machines, not on vm4. For that to work you'll need to set the following options for Roundcube:</li></ol>

|- valign="top"|[[Image::* $config[samba-login.png|thumb|right|300px|You will be prompted (once only) for the Samba user-name and password for your '''VM2''smtp_server'machine). ]]|[[Image::* $config[samba3-map-drive.png|thumb|right|300px|You can create a ''default_host']mapped network drive (z::* $config[)''default_port'for your Linux Samba server network share). ]]|}

<ol><li value="5"> You will be prompted to enter your samba username and password (one time only). Refer to screenshot on right.<br><br>'''NOTE:::(''' It may take approximately 30 seconds to display the file contents.<br><br></li><li>Were you successful? You should have received an error stating the last two your credentials are incorrect. You will notice that it adds SENEDS to the beginning of your IMAP serveruser name, as the Seneca machine is pre-configured to be part of that workgroup.</li><li>Change the workgroup parameter in smb.conf on VM2 to match the seneca domain SENEDS, and try to connect again.</li><li>Were you successful? If not, try to troubleshoot the problem first, then ask your lab assistant or instructor for assistance.</li><li>Close the Windows File Explorer application window.</li><li>Click on the '''START''' menu, and click on '''This PC'''.</li><li>Click on the Map Network Drive button, and create a '''mapped network drive''' (called it drive '''Z:''')which is a Samba share of your VM2 machine for the home directory.</li><li>When finished, click on '''Network''' in Windows file manager to confirm that the network share is present.</li><li>Try to create a file on Windows on your Linux Samba machine. Were you able to create a save a file?</li><li>Switch to your VM2 machine and check to see if that file was created in your home directory.</li></ol>

<ol><li value="4">You should be able to test the configuration '''Record steps, commands, and your observations from this INVESTIGATION in your Roundcube installer Step 3.</li></ol>OPS335 lab log-book'''

== COMPLETING THE LAB ==In completing this lab you have gained experience using a service that allows remote access to files stored on a Linux server. You have also learned how to use several different tools to access those files, both from a Linux and Windows client..

Students should be prepared with '''all required commands (system information) displayed in a terminal (or multiple terminals) prior to calling ===Online Submission===Follow the instructor instructions for signofflab 5 on blackboard.<!--===Andrew'''.s sections===

'''Arrange evidence (command output) for each You may choose to:* Submit screenshots of these items your work on your screenBlackboard, then ask your instructor in which case you don't need to come to the lab.* Or come to review them and sign off on the lab, show me your work, and talk to me about it. I want to hear what you's completion:'''ve learned and answer any questions you have.

::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Your webmail showing You'll get the same grade regardless of how you choose to submit your inbox::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Your webmail sending an email out::<span style="color:green;font-size:1work.5em;">&#x2713;</span>You receiving that mail on an exernal account

#What does SMB stand for?#What does CIFS stand for?#What is the purpose of the '''testparm''' command?#What does the text inside square brackets in the '''smb.conf''' file mean? (e.g., "[home]").#Explain the meaning of the line "create mask = 0765" in the smb.conf file?#What does the '''smbpasswd''' command do?