* (Course Notes This lab's primary focus is to set up a Samba server on a Linux server in order to allow MS Windows users to share common files from the Apache Web Server)* [http://wwwLinux's Samba server.liquidweb.com/kb/how-to-install-apache-on-centos-7/ Installing Apache Webserver on Centos7]

==OVERVIEWINVESTIGATION 1: INSTALLING & CONFIGURING A SAMBA SERVER==

In this labinvestigation, we will look at several separate technologies that are used with the Apache web set up a '''Samba server to ''' on our '''VM2''' machine. We will first install, configure and run web applicationsenable the samba server on our virtual machine, and then we will quickly test to see if the Samba server works.

# Create another virtual Make certain that both your '''VM1''' and '''VM2''' machines are running.#Switch to your '''VM2''' machine called as the '''vm4root''' from scratch (only a minimal setup is needed)user. If you forgot how #Issue the following Linux command to do this, refer to [httpinstall Samba server utlity://zenit.senecac.on.ca/wiki/index.php/OPS335_Installation_Lab#VM_Installation Lab1].<br>'''yum install samba samba-client'''<br>#Copy the file '''For Interest:/etc/samba/smb.conf''' As an optional exerciseto another filename by issuing the following command: configure all your network settings (except the firewall) using the installation wizard during installation static IP<br>(the address '''192cp /etc/samba/smb.168conf /etc/samba/smb.Xconf.5original'''#Clear the contents of the configuration file by running ''' should be available)cat /dev/null > /etc/samba/smb.<br><br>conf'''# Configure your Edit '''vm4/etc/samba/smb.conf''' virtual machine in so that the same way file that you've configured contains the other three main VMs. This should be a quick exercise for you by now, includingfollowing lines:::* The Linux installation [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = "put your real name here without the quotes" encrypt passwords = yes security = user passdb backend = tdbsam [home] comment = "put your real name here without the quotes" path = /home/<yourSenecaID> public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 [homes] comment = automatic home share public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 browseable = no<ol><li value="3">Append (minimum installadd)::* If you didn't setup the network configuration during installation, make certain following parameter to connect the bottom of the '''[global] section''' that will limit access to the correct share so that only machines in your virtual network with a static IPwill be able to access it:</li><br/ol>(the address hosts allow = 192.168.Xx. 127.0.0.5 should be available),1::* Making sure you're using your internal DNS server <ol><li value="4">Append (make reference add) the following parameter to vm4's IPADDR for domain resolution)::* Configuring default rules for your iptables firewall (hint: use saved shell scripts)::* Allowing passwordless login from the host's root account (for future backups)::* Disabling ''[home] section'selinux''' since you don't know how to configure it properly.so that only your user account can access that share:</li><br/ol> valid users = <bryourSenecaID><ol><li value="35">Test your Create a Samba account and password for yourSenecaID by issuing the following command:<br>'''vm4smbpasswd -a <yourSenecaID>''' virtual machine to make certain that it functions correctly.</li></ol> 

=== Install{{Admon/tip|Changing Existing Samba Account Passwords|If you need to change a user's existing Samba account password, Configure & Run a Webserver (Apache) ===you can issue the following command as root: '''smbpasswd username'''.}}

Next<ol><li value="6">Confirm the user you created has been added using the following command:<br>'''pdbedit -L -v'''</li><li>Test and review your configuration with the command:<br>'''testparm'''</li><li>Use the '''systemctl''' command to start the smb.service and enable the service to run on boot-up</li><li>If you have SELinux set to enforcing, since we you'll will be need to tell it to allow samba access to home directories by running a webmail application: <br> '''setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs 1'''</li><li>Use the '''ss -nautp''' command to see with port Samba is running on.</li><li>Use the information in the previous step to modify the firewall on VM2 machine to allow samba traffic.</li><li>Test to see that you can connect to your Samba server (locally) by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbclient -U <yourSenecaID> -L 127.0.0.1'''</li><li>When prompted, we need enter your Samba account password.</li><li>The output from that issued command show appear similar to install, configure and run a webserver on our Linux VMexample displayed below:</li></ol> Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- home Disk Your Name IPC$ IPC IPC Service ("Your Name") Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment ------ ------- WorkGroup Master --------- ------ <ol><li value="13">To access the Samba client shell on your local Samba share, issue the following command:<br>'''Perform smbclient '\\127.0.0.1\home' -U <yourSenecaID>'''</li><li>Enter your Samba account password.</li><li>Issue the following steps:help command to note common commands (''dir'', ''cd'', ''ls'', ''put'', ''get''). Note how similar they are to ''sftp'' commands.</li><li>Enter '''exit'''to terminal your local Samba session.</li></ol>

#Install the Apache package (the name of the package is: '''httpd''').#Start the httpd serviceYou can use smbclient to access, browse and enable this service to start automatically upon system startup.#Make certain to configure your firewall to allow access to the httpd service (i.e. the Apache serves HTTP traffic share files within other Linux and Windows servers using a variety of tools which goes over TCP port '''80''').#Open a web-browser in your '''host''' machine and enter the following URL: '''vm4.youruserid.org'''.<br>If you setup your Apache webserver correctly, you should be able to view the Apache Test page.#Delete the file '''/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf''' to remove the default webpage.#Although we will not be exploring webservers demonstrated in depth, we will have you create a simple webpage for testing purposes, then later setup a web resource for webmailInvestigations 2 and 3.#The term'''DocumentRoot''' specifies where the Apache webserver will search for documents to serve. Create the file '''index.html''' in your '''DocumentRoot''' directory with the following contents (replace the date with the current one):

<pre>Hello'''Record steps, commands, this is a web page on vm4.yourid.org and the current time is Mar 28 22:16:27 EDT 2016!</pre>your observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your OPS335 lab log-book'''

<ol><li value="6">If you refresh your web-browser page in Firefox, you should see the contents of your ''index.html'' document. If you wish, you can specify the filename index.html in the address, but it is not necessary, since the file index.html is automatically loaded by default when the URL refers to that directory containing that file.</li></ol>=INVESTIGATION 2: CONNECTING TO A LINUX SMB SERVER FROM A LINUX CLIENT==

{{Admon/tip |=== Installing and Using the '''index.html''' file|It is considered to be a "best practice" to create '''index.html''' files for newly-created subdirectories within the '''DocumentRoot''' (or users' '''public_html''' directories) to force a display of a web-page, instead of viewing the directories "index" listing of files (from "curious eyes"): that is why the name of the file is called "index.html".}}smbclient ===

<ol><li value="7">Refresh your web-page by issuing the keycombination: '''ctrl-rPerform the following steps on your VM1'''. Notice that the time doesn't change as you refresh the page. This indicates that the page is static (not dynamic) indicating that the page does not change (i.e. boring!).</li></ol>

=== Creating #Install the '''samba-client''' and '''cifs-utils''' packages.#Use the "smbclient" command in a PHP File ===terminal window.<source> smbclient '\\vm2\home' -U <yourSenecaID></source>#After entering your password you should get a prompt similar to:<source> smb: \></source>#Enter the ls command to see a list of the files in your home directory:<source> smb: \> ls</source>#Once you have access to the directory use the get and put commands (similar to ftp) to move files.#When you are finished close the connection.# Try again using '''[homes]''' share instead<source> smbclient '\\vm2\homes' -U <yourSenecaID></source>

In order to allow us to run a webserver application in a web-browser, we need a scripting language Note that will allow the web-browser to function dynamically (i.e. in "real time", as opposed to being "static" or unchanging). In this section, we will demonstrate how tool only gave temporary access with a scripting language (PHP) can be used for the web-browser to react more dynamicallylimited set of commands.

=== Using 'mount -t cifs''Perform the following steps:'''===

#We'll replace our '''index.html''' Instead of always having to use the smbclient command to connect to your network share, you can have the share automatically mounted upon your file with an '''indexserver boot-up.php''' with the following contents:

<ol><li value="2">Notice that in a web browser the index.php file isn't treated as a default page and the contents don't contain the date, but instead have exactly the text above. That's because Perform the PHP interpreter isnfollowing steps on your VM1't installed by default on CentOS. Install it. The package comes with a working default Apache configuration so you don't need to enable it manually.</li><li>Refresh the page, notice that you now see the date instead of the call to the date command. This is a trivial example of dynamic web content - it doesn't need to be the same every time you look at it.</li></ol>

#Issue the following commands to create a mount-point and to mount your home directory from your vm2 machine:<source> mkdir /tmp/vm2-home mount -t cifs //vm2/home /tmp/vm2-home -o username=== Install<yourSenecaID> ls /tmp/vm2-home</source>#Create a file in that directory, Configure and Run MySQL Database Server ===then switch to '''vm2''' to confirm that it was created.#Use umount on '''vm1''' to unmount that directory.

'''Perform Note that this tool would leave the directory mounted until the machine rebooted or it was manually unmounted. It would also allow other users access to the directory, as it effectively became part of the following steps:''local filesystem. It could even be added to fstab to be mounted on boot (though this would require another configuration file we don't cover).

We'll install Roundcube Mail. Download the tarball from their website directly into the html directory of your vm4 using wget. This part may take some effort depending ===Accessing Files on the Sourceforge website.a Linux Samba Server via Windows Explorer ===

'''Perform With some additional "tweaking" to your Linux Samba server configuration file, you should be able to access files on that file from a Windows machine on the following steps:'''same network. You will be creating a Samba share for your home directory of your regular user account.

#Extract the tarball and rename the directory to '''webmailPerform the following tasks:'''.#In that directory there will be a file named '''INSTALL''' which will walk you through the rest of the installation.<br><br>Some notes:

# Make certain that your '''VM2''' machine is running, is still allowing samba traffic through the firewall, and is still running the samba service.# Use the Windows machine you are already running Vmware on. If you have a Linux host - good for you, you can either use a Windows VM or skip this part.# Add the prerouting and forwarding rules to your host's iptables necessary to redirect samba traffic from outside your network to your VM2, making sure to replace the X with your own network address.::* Be careful about copy<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 139 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 445 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -pasting the MySQL setup part, don't try nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to rush it-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::* You'll need <code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to install a couple more Apache modules-destination 192.168.X.3</code>OR with specifing the interface (whichever works)::: php<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT -xml, php-pdo, and phpto-mysqldestination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>where * Donexternalinterface* is an interface name (e.g. ens33)<br>'''NOTE:''' when you restart libvirtd, it will move your FORWARD rules to the end of the chain, invalidating them.# Modify the '''hosts allow''' setting on your '''vm2'''t forget to set also accept connections from the password in windows machine you are using.# Open the roundcube configurationWindows File Explorer application.# At the top of the application, enter the following:<br>'''\\EXTERNAL_IPADDR_OF_HOST\home'''

<ol><li value{| width="340%" align="right" cellpadding="10">Note that both your IMAP and SMTP servers are on different machines, not on vm4. For that to work you'll need to set the following options for Roundcube:</li></ol>

|- valign="top"|[[Image::* $config[samba-login.png|thumb|right|300px|You will be prompted (once only) for the Samba user-name and password for your '''VM2''smtp_server'machine). ]]|[[Image::* $config[samba3-map-drive.png|thumb|right|300px|You can create a ''default_host']mapped network drive (z::* $config[)''default_port'for your Linux Samba server network share). ]]|}

<ol><li value="5"> You will be prompted to enter your samba username and password (one time only). Refer to screenshot on right.<br><br>'''NOTE:::(''' It may take approximately 30 seconds to display the file contents.<br><br></li><li>Were you successful? You should have received an error stating the last two your credentials are incorrect. You will notice that it adds SENEDS to the beginning of your IMAP serveruser name, as the Seneca machine is pre-configured to be part of that workgroup.</li><li>Change the workgroup parameter in smb.conf on VM2 to match the seneca domain SENEDS, and try to connect again.</li><li>Were you successful? If not, try to troubleshoot the problem first, then ask your lab assistant or instructor for assistance.</li><li>Close the Windows File Explorer application window.</li><li>Click on the '''START''' menu, and click on '''This PC'''.</li><li>Click on the Map Network Drive button, and create a '''mapped network drive''' (called it drive '''Z:''')which is a Samba share of your VM2 machine for the home directory.</li><li>When finished, click on '''Network''' in Windows file manager to confirm that the network share is present.</li><li>Try to create a file on Windows on your Linux Samba machine. Were you able to create a save a file?</li><li>Switch to your VM2 machine and check to see if that file was created in your home directory.</li></ol>

<ol><li value="4">You should be able to test the configuration '''Record steps, commands, and your observations from this INVESTIGATION in your Roundcube installer Step 3.</li></ol>OPS335 lab log-book'''

== COMPLETING THE LAB ==In completing this lab you have gained experience using a service that allows remote access to files stored on a Linux server. You have also learned how to use several different tools to access those files, both from a Linux and Windows client..

Students should be prepared with '''all required commands (system information) displayed in a terminal (or multiple terminals) prior to calling ===Online Submission===Follow the instructor instructions for signofflab 5 on blackboard.<!--===Andrew'''.s sections===

'''Arrange evidence (command output) for each You may choose to:* Submit screenshots of these items your work on your screenBlackboard, then ask your instructor in which case you don't need to come to the lab.* Or come to review them and sign off on the lab, show me your work, and talk to me about it. I want to hear what you's completion:'''ve learned and answer any questions you have.

::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Your webmail showing You'll get the same grade regardless of how you choose to submit your inbox::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Your webmail sending an email out::<span style="color:green;font-size:1work.5em;">&#x2713;</span>You receiving that mail on an exernal account

#What does SMB stand for?#What does CIFS stand for?#What is the purpose of the '''testparm''' command?#What does the text inside square brackets in the '''smb.conf''' file mean? (e.g., "[home]").#Explain the meaning of the line "create mask = 0765" in the smb.conf file?#What does the '''smbpasswd''' command do?