==WEB SERVER RESOURCES==[[Category:OPS335]][[Category:OPS335 Labs]]
Online References:==OBJECTIVE & PREPARATION==
* (Course Notes This lab's primary focus is to set up a Samba server on a Linux server in order to allow MS Windows users to share common files from the Apache Web Server)* [http://wwwLinux's Samba server.liquidweb.com/kb/how-to-install-apache-on-centos-7/ Installing Apache Webserver on Centos7]
This lab will first install, setup, and enable a Samba server. Then users will access files on the Linux Samba server from Linux and Windows client machines (both graphically and command line).
==OVERVIEWINVESTIGATION 1: INSTALLING & CONFIGURING A SAMBA SERVER==
In this labinvestigation, we will look at several separate technologies that are used with the Apache web set up a '''Samba server to ''' on our '''VM2''' machine. We will first install, configure and run web applicationsenable the samba server on our virtual machine, and then we will quickly test to see if the Samba server works.
The basic purpose of the Apache web server is to serve text pages, images, and other static files. You can format those web-pages to appear nice, but they would lack dynamic functionality (i.e. the ability to change colors or font-size when the mouse moves over a link, button, etc). In other words using Apache web-server as a sole application would not make your web-pages more interesting.
If we want to add more features for our web-page (eg. dynamic functionality, security, e-commerce, etc), your webserver would need additional help. To provide additional help requires several resources - more than just the web server itself. A popular acronym to represent these foundations and servers is referred to as '''LAMP'''. It stands for '''Linux''', '''Apache''', '''MySQL''', and '''PHP''' (or 'Perform the following steps:'Python'').
In this lab, we will set up one type #Make certain that both your '''VM1''' and '''VM2''' machines are running.#Switch to your '''VM2''' machine as the '''root''' user.#Issue the following Linux command to install Samba server utlity:<br>'''yum install samba samba-client'''<br>#Copy the file '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' to another filename by issuing the following command:<br>'''cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.original'''#Clear the contents of the configuration file by running '''cat /dev/null > /etc/samba/smb.conf'''#Edit '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' so that the file that contains the following lines: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = "put your real name here without the quotes"LAMP solution encrypt passwords = yes security = user passdb backend = tdbsam [home] comment = "put your real name here without the quotes" path = /home/<yourSenecaID> public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 [homes] comment = automatic home share public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 browseable = no<ol><li value="3">Append (add) the following parameter to the bottom of the '''[global] section''' runs webmail (ithat will limit access to the share so that only machines in your virtual network will be able to access it:</li></ol> hosts allow = 192.168.x. 127.0.e0. send 1<ol><li value="4">Append (add) the following parameter to the '''[home] section''' so that only your user account can access that share:</li></ol> valid users = <yourSenecaID><ol><li value="5">Create a Samba account and receive email in password for yourSenecaID by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbpasswd -a web browser).<yourSenecaID>'''</li></ol>
{{Admon/tip|Changing Existing Samba Account Passwords|If you need to change a user's existing Samba account password, you can issue the following command as root: '''smbpasswd username'''.}}
<ol><li value="6">Confirm the user you created has been added using the following command:<br>'''pdbedit -L -v'''</li><li>Test and review your configuration with the command:<br>'''testparm'''</li><li>Use the '''systemctl''' command to start the smb.service and enable the service to run on boot-up</li><li>If you have SELinux set to enforcing, you'll will need to tell it to allow samba access to home directories by running: <br> '''setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs 1'''</li><li>Use the '''ss -nautp''' command to see with port Samba is running on.</li><li>Use the information in the previous step to modify the firewall on VM2 machine to allow samba traffic.</li><li>Test to see that you can connect to your Samba server (locally) by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbclient -U <yourSenecaID> -L 127.0.0.1'''</li><li>When prompted, enter your Samba account password.</li><li>The output from that issued command show appear similar to example displayed below:</li></ol> Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- home Disk Your Name IPC$ IPC IPC Service ("Your Name") Domain= INVESTIGATION [WORKGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1: SETTING UP A LAMP FOUNDATION] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment ------ ------- WorkGroup Master --------- ------ <ol><li value="13">To access the Samba client shell on your local Samba share, issue the following command:<br>'''smbclient '\\127.0.0.1\home' -U <yourSenecaID>'''</li><li>Enter your Samba account password.</li><li>Issue the help command to note common commands (''dir'', ''cd'', ''ls'', ''put'', ''get''). Note how similar they are to ''sftp'' commands.</li><li>Enter '''exit''' to terminal your local Samba session.</li></ol>
=== You can use smbclient to access, browse and share files within other Linux Platform For Webserver (VM4) ===and Windows servers using a variety of tools which will be demonstrated in Investigations 2 and 3.
First'''Record steps, create a new Linux VM that will be contained on the same subnetcommands, using and your observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your existing DNS server ('OPS335 lab log-book'vm1''), and firewall settings.
'''Perform the following steps==INVESTIGATION 2:'''CONNECTING TO A LINUX SMB SERVER FROM A LINUX CLIENT==
# Create another virtual machine called '''vm4''' from scratch (only a minimal setup is needed). If you forgot how to do In this, refer to [http://zenit.senecac.on.ca/wiki/index.php/OPS335_Installation_Lab#VM_Installation Lab1].<br><br>'''For Interest:''' As an optional exercise: configure all your network settings (except the firewall) using the installation wizard during installation static IP<br>(the address '''192.168.X.5''' should be available).<br><br># Configure your '''vm4''' virtual machine in the same way that you've configured the other three main VMs. This should be a quick exercise for you by now, including:::* The Linux installation (minimum install)::* If investigation you didn't setup will explore some of the network configuration during installation, make certain to connect different ways to the correct network with access a static IP<br>(the address 192.168.X.5 should be available),::* Making sure you're using your internal DNS server (make reference to vm4's IPADDR for domain resolution)::* Configuring default rules for your iptables firewall (hint: use saved shell scripts)::* Allowing passwordless login shared directory from the host's root account a Linux client machine (for future backupsVM1)::* Disabling '''selinux''' since you don't know how to configure it properly.<br><br><ol><li value="3">Test your '''vm4''' virtual machine to make certain that it functions correctly.</li></ol>
=== Installing and Using smbclient ===
=== Install, Configure & Run a Webserver (Apache) ===
Second, install, configure and run '''Perform the Apache webserver that will allow you to run a webmail application.following steps on your VM1'''
#Install the '''samba-client''Perform ' and '''cifs-utils''' packages.#Use the following steps"smbclient" command in a terminal window.<source> smbclient '\\vm2\home' -U <yourSenecaID></source>#After entering your password you should get a prompt similar to:<source> smb: \></source>#Enter the ls command to see a list of the files in your home directory:<source> smb: \> ls</source>#Once you have access to the directory use the get and put commands (similar to ftp) to move files.#When you are finished close the connection.# Try again using '''[homes]'''share instead<source> smbclient '\\vm2\homes'-U <yourSenecaID></source>
#Install Apache (the package name is httpd), start the service, make it start automatically, and allow Note that this tool only gave temporary access to it through the firewall (Apache serves HTTP traffic which goes over TCP port 80).#Now if you navigate to vm4.youruserid.org in a web browser in your host - you should see an Apache testing page.#Delete the file '''/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf''' to get rid of the default page.#We're not going to have with a lot limited set of time to study various Apache options so we'll tell you what you're looking for but you have to find it yourselfcommands.#'''DocumentRoot''' specifies where Apache will look for documents to serve. Create the file '''index.html''' in your DocumentRoot directory with the following contents (replace the date with the current one):
<pre>Hello, this is a web page on vm4.yourid.org and the current time is Mar 28 22:16:27 EDT 2016!</pre>=== Using 'mount -t cifs' ===
<ol><li value="6">If you refresh Instead of always having to use the page in Firefox - you should see the contents of smbclient command to connect to your index.html. If you like - network share, you can specify have the filename index.html in the address but there's no need since it's a default.</li><li>It may seem obvious share automatically mounted upon your file server boot- but notice that the time doesn't change as you refresh the pageup.</li></ol>
=== Creating a PHP File ===
'''Perform the following steps:on your VM1'''
#WeIssue the following commands to create a mount-point and to mount your home directory from your vm2 machine:<source> mkdir /tmp/vm2-home mount -t cifs //vm2/home /tmp/vm2-home -o username=<yourSenecaID> ls /tmp/vm2-home</source>#Create a file in that directory, then switch to 'll replace our ''vm2'index'' to confirm that it was created.html#Use umount on ''' file with an vm1'''indexto unmount that directory.php''' with the following contents:
<pre>Hello, this is a web page on vm4.yourid.org and the current time is <?php system("date"); ?>!</pre>
<ol><li value="2">Notice Note that in a web browser this tool would leave the index.php file isn't treated as a default page and the contents don't contain the date, but instead have exactly directory mounted until the text above. That's because the PHP interpreter isn't installed by default on CentOS. Install machine rebooted or itwas manually unmounted. The package comes with a working default Apache configuration so you don't need It would also allow other users access to enable it manually.</li><li>Refresh the pagedirectory, notice that you now see the date instead as it effectively became part of the call local filesystem. It could even be added to fstab to the date command. This is a trivial example of dynamic web content - it doesnbe mounted on boot (though this would require another configuration file we don't need to be the same every time you look at itcover).</li></ol>
=== Install, Configure and Run MySQL Database Server =INVESTIGATION 3: CONNECTING TO A SAMBA SERVER FROM A WINDOWS CLIENT==
MySQL is used This investigation will configure your VM2 machine to act as a Samba File server to allow storage and retrieval of structured data. SQL is used by countless services for all kinds of use cases. Again we won't spend much time learning Windows OS Users access to the details of MySQL configuration but you need a basic Linux Samba server set up. You may remember setting up MySQL from OPS235 - we're doing the nearly identical thing herefiles.
'''Perform the following steps:'''===Accessing Files on a Linux Samba Server via Windows Explorer ===
#Install MySQL. You may notice that it's actually called MariaDB now. They are two separate projects run by different groups but they are compatible so you can use documentation from one With some additional "tweaking" to configure the other. Make sure you have not just the client but also the your Linux Samba server software.#When configuration file, you start the service - you'll get some instructions in the log should be able to access files on that file about setting from a root password. Even though we won't configure our service to be accessible over Windows machine on the same network - you should get into the habit of doing this with every MySQL installation you ever make.#Note that MySQL has two root passwords - one for localhost and one for external requests. Just run the two commands you're given in the log. Use a password you make up yourself, but don't use a secret password - you'll You will be putting it in creating a plain text file later. == INVESTIGATION 2: INSTALL, CONFIGURE & RUN WEBMAIL APPLICATION (Roundcube Mail) == We'll install Roundcube Mail. Download the tarball from their website directly into the html Samba share for your home directory of your vm4 using wgetregular user account. This part may take some effort depending on the Sourceforge website. '''Perform the following steps:'''
#Extract the tarball and rename the directory to '''webmailPerform the following tasks:'''.#In that directory there will be a file named '''INSTALL''' which will walk you through the rest of the installation.<br><br>Some notes:
# Make certain that your '''VM2''' machine is running, is still allowing samba traffic through the firewall, and is still running the samba service.# Use the Windows machine you are already running Vmware on. If you have a Linux host - good for you, you can either use a Windows VM or skip this part.# Add the prerouting and forwarding rules to your host's iptables necessary to redirect samba traffic from outside your network to your VM2, making sure to replace the X with your own network address.::* Be careful about copy<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 139 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 445 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -pasting the MySQL setup part, don't try nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to rush it-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::* You'll need <code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to install a couple more Apache modules-destination 192.168.X.3</code>OR with specifing the interface (whichever works)::: php<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT -xml, php-pdo, and phpto-mysqldestination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>where * Donexternalinterface* is an interface name (e.g. ens33)<br>'''NOTE:''' when you restart libvirtd, it will move your FORWARD rules to the end of the chain, invalidating them.# Modify the '''hosts allow''' setting on your '''vm2'''t forget to set also accept connections from the password in windows machine you are using.# Open the roundcube configurationWindows File Explorer application.# At the top of the application, enter the following:<br>'''\\EXTERNAL_IPADDR_OF_HOST\home'''
<ol><li value{| width="340%" align="right" cellpadding="10">Note that both your IMAP and SMTP servers are on different machines, not on vm4. For that to work you'll need to set the following options for Roundcube:</li></ol>
|- valign="top"|[[Image::* $config[samba-login.png|thumb|right|300px|You will be prompted (once only) for the Samba user-name and password for your '''VM2''smtp_server'machine). ]]|[[Image::* $config[samba3-map-drive.png|thumb|right|300px|You can create a ''default_host']mapped network drive (z::* $config[)''default_port'for your Linux Samba server network share). ]]|}
<ol><li value="5"> You will be prompted to enter your samba username and password (one time only). Refer to screenshot on right.<br><br>'''NOTE:::(''' It may take approximately 30 seconds to display the file contents.<br><br></li><li>Were you successful? You should have received an error stating the last two your credentials are incorrect. You will notice that it adds SENEDS to the beginning of your IMAP serveruser name, as the Seneca machine is pre-configured to be part of that workgroup.</li><li>Change the workgroup parameter in smb.conf on VM2 to match the seneca domain SENEDS, and try to connect again.</li><li>Were you successful? If not, try to troubleshoot the problem first, then ask your lab assistant or instructor for assistance.</li><li>Close the Windows File Explorer application window.</li><li>Click on the '''START''' menu, and click on '''This PC'''.</li><li>Click on the Map Network Drive button, and create a '''mapped network drive''' (called it drive '''Z:''')which is a Samba share of your VM2 machine for the home directory.</li><li>When finished, click on '''Network''' in Windows file manager to confirm that the network share is present.</li><li>Try to create a file on Windows on your Linux Samba machine. Were you able to create a save a file?</li><li>Switch to your VM2 machine and check to see if that file was created in your home directory.</li></ol>
{{Admon/important |Backup your VMs!|You MUST perform a '''full backup''' of ALL of your VMs whenever you complete your '''OPS335 labs''' or when working on your '''OPS335 assignments'''. You should be using the dump or rsync command VMs.}}
<ol><li value="4">You should be able to test the configuration '''Record steps, commands, and your observations from this INVESTIGATION in your Roundcube installer Step 3.</li></ol>OPS335 lab log-book'''
== COMPLETING THE LAB ==In completing this lab you have gained experience using a service that allows remote access to files stored on a Linux server. You have also learned how to use several different tools to access those files, both from a Linux and Windows client..
Students should be prepared with '''all required commands (system information) displayed in a terminal (or multiple terminals) prior to calling ===Online Submission===Follow the instructor instructions for signofflab 5 on blackboard.<!--===Andrew'''.s sections===
'''Arrange evidence (command output) for each You may choose to:* Submit screenshots of these items your work on your screenBlackboard, then ask your instructor in which case you don't need to come to the lab.* Or come to review them and sign off on the lab, show me your work, and talk to me about it. I want to hear what you's completion:'''ve learned and answer any questions you have.
::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span>Your webmail showing You'll get the same grade regardless of how you choose to submit your inbox::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span>Your webmail sending an email out::<span style="color:green;font-size:1work.5em;">✓</span>You receiving that mail on an exernal account
::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Proof of network share of VM2 machine from Windows VM via Windows Explorer application
::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Firewall settings on your Windows VM to allow Linux Samba network share
::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Display contents of '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' file on VM2 machine
::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Firewall exceptions (both machines) to allow Samba traffic
::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span>Download and run '''https://ict.senecacollege.ca/~andrew.smith/ops335/labcheck5.bash'''
::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span>Completed Lab5 log-book notes.
-->
==EXPLORATION QUESTIONS==
#What does SMB stand for?#What does CIFS stand for?#What is the purpose of the '''testparm''' command?#What does the text inside square brackets in the '''smb.conf''' file mean? (e.g., "[home]").#Explain the meaning of the line "create mask = 0765" in the smb.conf file?#What does the '''smbpasswd''' command do?