==WEB SERVER RESOURCES==[[Category:OPS335]][[Category:OPS335 Labs]]
Online References:==OBJECTIVE & PREPARATION==
* (Course Notes This lab's primary focus is to set up a Samba server on a Linux server in order to allow MS Windows users to share common files from the Apache Web Server)* [http://wwwLinux's Samba server.liquidweb.com/kb/how-to-install-apache-on-centos-7/ Installing Apache Webserver on Centos7]
This lab will first install, setup, and enable a Samba server. Then users will access files on the Linux Samba server from Linux and Windows client machines (both graphically and command line).
==OVERVIEWINVESTIGATION 1: INSTALLING & CONFIGURING A SAMBA SERVER==
In this labinvestigation, we will look at several separate technologies that are used with the Apache web set up a '''Samba server to ''' on our '''VM2''' machine. We will first install, configure and run web applicationsenable the samba server on our virtual machine, and then we will quickly test to see if the Samba server works.
The basic purpose of the Apache web server is to serve text pages, images, and other static files. You can format those web-pages to appear nice, but they would lack dynamic functionality (i.e. the ability to change colors or font-size when the mouse moves over a link, button, etc). In other words using Apache web-server as a sole application would not make your web-pages more interesting.
If we want to add more features for our web-page (eg. dynamic functionality, security, e-commerce, etc), your webserver would need additional help. To provide additional help requires several resources - more than just the web server itself. A popular acronym to represent these foundations and servers is referred to as '''LAMP'''. It stands for '''Linux''', '''Apache''', '''MySQL''', and '''PHP''' (or 'Perform the following steps:'Python'').
In this lab, we will set up one type #Make certain that both your '''VM1''' and '''VM2''' machines are running.#Switch to your '''VM2''' machine as the '''root''' user.#Issue the following Linux command to install Samba server utlity:<br>'''yum install samba samba-client'''<br>#Copy the file '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' to another filename by issuing the following command:<br>'''cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.original'''#Clear the contents of the configuration file by running '''cat /dev/null > /etc/samba/smb.conf'''#Edit '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' so that the file that contains the following lines: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = "put your real name here without the quotes"LAMP solution encrypt passwords = yes security = user passdb backend = tdbsam [home] comment = "put your real name here without the quotes" path = /home/<yourSenecaID> public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 [homes] comment = automatic home share public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 browseable = no<ol><li value="3">Append (add) the following parameter to the bottom of the '''[global] section''' runs webmail (ithat will limit access to the share so that only machines in your virtual network will be able to access it:</li></ol> hosts allow = 192.168.x. 127.0.e0. send 1<ol><li value="4">Append (add) the following parameter to the '''[home] section''' so that only your user account can access that share:</li></ol> valid users = <yourSenecaID><ol><li value="5">Create a Samba account and receive email in password for yourSenecaID by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbpasswd -a web browser).<yourSenecaID>'''</li></ol>
{{Admon/tip|Changing Existing Samba Account Passwords|If you need to change a user's existing Samba account password, you can issue the following command as root: '''smbpasswd username'''.}}
<ol><li value="6">Confirm the user you created has been added using the following command:<br>'''pdbedit -L -v'''</li><li>Test and review your configuration with the command:<br>'''testparm'''</li><li>Use the '''systemctl''' command to start the smb.service and enable the service to run on boot-up</li><li>If you have SELinux set to enforcing, you'll will need to tell it to allow samba access to home directories by running: <br> '''setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs 1'''</li><li>Use the '''ss -nautp''' command to see with port Samba is running on.</li><li>Use the information in the previous step to modify the firewall on VM2 machine to allow samba traffic.</li><li>Test to see that you can connect to your Samba server (locally) by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbclient -U <yourSenecaID> -L 127.0.0.1'''</li><li>When prompted, enter your Samba account password.</li><li>The output from that issued command show appear similar to example displayed below:</li></ol> Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- home Disk Your Name IPC$ IPC IPC Service ("Your Name") Domain= INVESTIGATION [WORKGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1: SETTING UP A LAMP FOUNDATION] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment ------ ------- WorkGroup Master --------- ------ <ol><li value="13">To access the Samba client shell on your local Samba share, issue the following command:<br>'''smbclient '\\127.0.0.1\home' -U <yourSenecaID>'''</li><li>Enter your Samba account password.</li><li>Issue the help command to note common commands (''dir'', ''cd'', ''ls'', ''put'', ''get''). Note how similar they are to ''sftp'' commands.</li><li>Enter '''exit''' to terminal your local Samba session.</li></ol>
=== You can use smbclient to access, browse and share files within other Linux Platform For Webserver (VM4) ===and Windows servers using a variety of tools which will be demonstrated in Investigations 2 and 3.
First'''Record steps, we will setup a new Linux VM that will be contained on the same subnetcommands, using and your observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your existing DNS server ('OPS335 lab log-book'vm1''), and firewall settings.
==INVESTIGATION 2: CONNECTING TO A LINUX SMB SERVER FROM A LINUX CLIENT==
We'll need a new virtual machine. Because In this investigation you probably forgot how will explore some of the different ways to install one - go through the exercise again, and set up access a vm4 shared directory from scratch. Only a minimal setup is needed. Configure it in the same way that you've configured the other three main VMs. This should be a quick exercise for you by now, including:* The installation,* Connecting to the correct network with a static IP Linux client machine (the address 192.168.X.5 should be availableVM1),* Making sure you're using your internal DNS server,* Configuring default rules for your iptables firewall,* Allowing passwordless login from the host's root account,* Disabling selinux since you don't know how to configure it properly.
As an interesting exercise: configure all your network settings (except the firewall) during the installation wizard.=== Installing and Using smbclient ===
== Apache ==
Install Apache ('''Perform the package name is httpd), start the service, make it start automatically, and allow access to it through the firewall (Apache serves HTTP traffic which goes over TCP port 80).following steps on your VM1'''
Now if you navigate to vm4#Install the '''samba-client''' and '''cifs-utils''' packages.youruserid.org #Use the "smbclient" command in a web browser in terminal window.<source> smbclient '\\vm2\home' -U <yourSenecaID></source>#After entering your host - password you should get a prompt similar to:<source> smb: \></source>#Enter the ls command to see an Apache testing pagea list of the files in your home directory:<source> smb: \> ls</source>#Once you have access to the directory use the get and put commands (similar to ftp) to move files.#When you are finished close the connection.# Try again using '''[homes]''' share instead<source> smbclient '\\vm2\homes' -U <yourSenecaID></source>
Delete the file '''/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf''' to get rid Note that this tool only gave temporary access with a limited set of the default pagecommands.
We=== Using 're not going to have a lot of time to study various Apache options so wemount -t cifs'll tell you what you're looking for but you have to find it yourself.===
'''DocumentRoot''' specifies where Apache will look for documents Instead of always having to serveuse the smbclient command to connect to your network share, you can have the share automatically mounted upon your file server boot-up.
Now create the file '''index.html''' in your DocumentRoot directory with the following contents (replace the date with the current one):
<pre>Hello, this is a web page '''Perform the following steps on vm4.yourid.org and the current time is Mar 28 22:16:27 EDT 2016!</pre>your VM1'''
If you refresh #Issue the page in Firefox following commands to create a mount- you should see the contents of point and to mount your home directory from your index.html. If you like vm2 machine:<source> mkdir /tmp/vm2-home mount -t cifs //vm2/home /tmp/vm2-home -o username=<yourSenecaID> ls /tmp/vm2- you can specify the filename index.html home</source>#Create a file in the address but therethat directory, then switch to '''vm2'''s no need since to confirm that itwas created.#Use umount on 's a default''vm1''' to unmount that directory.
It may seem obvious - but notice that the time doesn't change as you refresh the page.
== PHP ==Note that this tool would leave the directory mounted until the machine rebooted or it was manually unmounted. It would also allow other users access to the directory, as it effectively became part of the local filesystem. It could even be added to fstab to be mounted on boot (though this would require another configuration file we don't cover).
We'll replace our '''index.html''' file with an '''index.php''' with the following contents==INVESTIGATION 3:CONNECTING TO A SAMBA SERVER FROM A WINDOWS CLIENT==
<pre>Hello, this is This investigation will configure your VM2 machine to act as a web page on vm4Samba File server to allow Windows OS Users access to the Linux Samba server files.yourid.org and the current time is <?php system("date"); ?>!</pre>
Notice that in a web browser the index.php file isn't treated as a default page and the contents don't contain the date, but instead have exactly the text above. That's because the PHP interpreter isn't installed by default ===Accessing Files on CentOS. Install it. The package comes with a working default Apache configuration so you don't need to enable it manually.Linux Samba Server via Windows Explorer ===
Refresh the pageWith some additional "tweaking" to your Linux Samba server configuration file, notice that you now see the date instead of the call should be able to access files on that file from a Windows machine on the date commandsame network. This is You will be creating a trivial example Samba share for your home directory of dynamic web content - it doesn't need to be the same every time you look at ityour regular user account.
== MySQL =='''Perform the following tasks:'''
MySQL # Make certain that your '''VM2''' machine is used to allow storage running, is still allowing samba traffic through the firewall, and retrieval of structured datais still running the samba service.# Use the Windows machine you are already running Vmware on. SQL is used by countless services If you have a Linux host - good for all kinds of you, you can either use casesa Windows VM or skip this part. Again we won# Add the prerouting and forwarding rules to your host's iptables necessary to redirect samba traffic from outside your network to your VM2, making sure to replace the X with your own network address.::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 139 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 445 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t spend much time learning nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>OR with specifing the interface (whichever works):::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>where *externalinterface* is an interface name (e.g. ens33)<br>'''NOTE:''' when you restart libvirtd, it will move your FORWARD rules to the details end of MySQL configuration but you need a basic server set upthe chain, invalidating them. You may remember # Modify the '''hosts allow''' setting up MySQL on your '''vm2''' to also accept connections from OPS235 - we're doing the nearly identical thing herewindows machine you are using.# Open the Windows File Explorer application.# At the top of the application, enter the following:<br>'''\\EXTERNAL_IPADDR_OF_HOST\home'''
Install MySQL. You may notice that it's actually called MariaDB now. They are two separate projects run by different groups but they are compatible so you can use documentation from one to configure the other. Make sure you have not just the client but also the server software.{| width="40%" align="right" cellpadding="10"
When you start |- valign="top"|[[Image:samba-login.png|thumb|right|300px|You will be prompted (once only) for the service Samba user- youname and password for your '''VM2'''ll get some instructions in the log file about setting machine). ]]|[[Image:samba3-map-drive.png|thumb|right|300px|You can create a root password. Even though we won't configure our service to be accessible over the ''mapped network drive (z:)''' for your Linux Samba server network - you should get into the habit of doing this with every MySQL installation you ever makeshare).]]|}
Note that MySQL has two root passwords - one for localhost <ol><li value="5"> You will be prompted to enter your samba username and password (one for external requeststime only). Refer to screenshot on right. Just run <br><br>'''NOTE:''' It may take approximately 30 seconds to display the two commands file contents.<br><br></li><li>Were you're given successful? You should have received an error stating the your credentials are incorrect. You will notice that it adds SENEDS to the beginning of your user name, as the Seneca machine is pre-configured to be part of that workgroup.</li><li>Change the workgroup parameter in smb.conf on VM2 to match the logseneca domain SENEDS, and try to connect again. Use a password </li><li>Were you make up yourselfsuccessful? If not, try to troubleshoot the problem first, then ask your lab assistant or instructor for assistance.</li><li>Close the Windows File Explorer application window.</li><li>Click on the '''START''' menu, but donand click on 't use ''This PC'''.</li><li>Click on the Map Network Drive button, and create a secret password - you'll be putting ''mapped network drive''' (called it drive '''Z:''') which is a Samba share of your VM2 machine for the home directory.</li><li>When finished, click on '''Network''' in Windows file manager to confirm that the network share is present.</li><li>Try to create a file on Windows on your Linux Samba machine. Were you able to create a plain text save a file?</li><li>Switch to your VM2 machine and check to see if that file laterwas created in your home directory.</li></ol>
= Roundcube Mail ={{Admon/important |Backup your VMs!|You MUST perform a '''full backup''' of ALL of your VMs whenever you complete your '''OPS335 labs''' or when working on your '''OPS335 assignments'''. You should be using the dump or rsync command VMs.}}
We'll install Roundcube Mail. Download the tarball ''Record steps, commands, and your observations from their website directly into the html directory of this INVESTIGATION in your vm4 using wget. This part may take some effort depending on the Sourceforge website.OPS335 lab log-book'''
Extract the tarball ==COMPLETING THE LAB==In completing this lab you have gained experience using a service that allows remote access to files stored on a Linux server. You have also learned how to use several different tools to access those files, both from a Linux and rename the directory to '''webmail'''Windows client..
In that directory there will be a file named '''INSTALL''' which will walk you through the rest of ===Online Submission===Follow the installationinstructions for lab 5 on blackboard.<!--===Andrew's sections===
Some notesYou may choose to:* Submit screenshots of your work on Blackboard, in which case you don't need to come to the lab.* Or come to the lab, show me your work, and talk to me about it. I want to hear what you've learned and answer any questions you have.
* Be careful about copy-pasting the MySQL setup part, don't try to rush it.* You'll need to install a couple more Apache modules: php-xml, php-pdo, and php-mysql.* Don't forget get the same grade regardless of how you choose to set the password in the roundcube configurationsubmit your work.
Note that both ::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Proof of network share of VM2 machine from Windows VM via Windows Explorer application::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Firewall settings on your IMAP and SMTP servers are Windows VM to allow Linux Samba network share::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Display contents of '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' file on different VM2 machine::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Firewall exceptions (both machines, not on vm4) to allow Samba traffic::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span>Download and run '''https://ict.senecacollege.ca/~andrew.smith/ops335/labcheck5. For that to work youbash'''ll need to set the following options for Roundcube::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span>Completed Lab5 log-book notes.-->
* $config['smtp_server']* $config['default_host']* $config['default_port']==EXPLORATION QUESTIONS==
(the last two are your IMAP server). You should be able to test the configuration in your Roundcube installer Step 3.
== COMPLETING THE LAB ==#What does SMB stand for?#What does CIFS stand for?Students should be prepared with #What is the purpose of the '''testparm'''all required commands (system information) displayed command?#What does the text inside square brackets in a terminal (or multiple terminals) prior to calling the instructor for signoff'''smb. conf'''Arrange evidence file mean? (command outpute.g., "[home]") for each .#Explain the meaning of these items on your screen, then ask your instructor to review them and sign off on the lab's completion:''' ::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;line ">✓</span>Your webmail showing your inbox::<span stylecreate mask =0765"color:green;font-size:1in the smb.5em;">✓</span>Your webmail sending an email outconf file?::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span>You receiving that mail on an exernal accountWhat does the '''smbpasswd''' command do?
