==WEB SERVER RESOURCES==[[Category:OPS335]][[Category:OPS335 Labs]]
Online References:==OBJECTIVE & PREPARATION==
* (Course Notes This lab's primary focus is to set up a Samba server on a Linux server in order to allow MS Windows users to share common files from the Apache Web Server)* [http://wwwLinux's Samba server.liquidweb.com/kb/how-to-install-apache-on-centos-7/ Installing Apache Webserver on Centos7]
==OVERVIEW==This lab will first install, setup, and enable a Samba server. Then users will access files on the Linux Samba server from Linux and Windows client machines (both graphically and command line).
In this lab, we will look at several separate technologies that are used with the Apache web server to install, configure and run web applications.==INVESTIGATION 1: INSTALLING & CONFIGURING A SAMBA SERVER==
The basic purpose of In this investigation, we will set up a '''Samba server''' on our '''VM2''' machine. We will first install, configure and enable the Apache web samba server is to serve text pages, imageson our virtual machine, and other static files. You can format those web-pages then we will quickly test to appear nice, but they would lack dynamic functionality (i.e. see if the ability to change colors or font-size when the mouse moves over a link, button, etc). In other words using Apache web-Samba server as a sole application would not make your web-pages more interestingworks.
To add life to a website more than just the web server is needed. A popular acronym is LAMP. It stands for Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP (or Python). This week we will set up this stack to give us a website that does webmail (send and receive email in a web browser).
== INVESTIGATION 1'''Perform the following steps: SETTING UP A LAMP FOUNDATION=='''
First, we will setup a new #Make certain that both your '''VM1''' and '''VM2''' machines are running.#Switch to your '''VM2''' machine as the '''root''' user.#Issue the following Linux VM command to install Samba server utlity:<br>'''yum install samba samba-client'''<br>#Copy the file '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' to another filename by issuing the following command:<br>'''cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.original'''#Clear the contents of the configuration file by running '''cat /dev/null > /etc/samba/smb.conf'''#Edit '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' so that the file that contains the following lines: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = "put your real name here without the quotes" encrypt passwords = yes security = user passdb backend = tdbsam [home] comment = "put your real name here without the quotes" path = /home/<yourSenecaID> public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 [homes] comment = automatic home share public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 browseable = no<ol><li value="3">Append (add) the following parameter to the bottom of the '''[global] section''' that will be contained on limit access to the same subnet, using share so that only machines in your existing DNS server virtual network will be able to access it:</li></ol> hosts allow = 192.168.x. 127.0.0.1<ol><li value="4">Append (vm1add), the following parameter to the '''[home] section''' so that only your user account can access that share:</li></ol> valid users = <yourSenecaID><ol><li value="5">Create a Samba account and firewall settings.password for yourSenecaID by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbpasswd -a <yourSenecaID>'''</li></ol>
=== Linux Platform For Webserver (VM4) ==={{Admon/tip|Changing Existing Samba Account Passwords|If you need to change a user's existing Samba account password, you can issue the following command as root: '''smbpasswd username'''.}}
We<ol><li value="6">Confirm the user you created has been added using the following command:<br>'''pdbedit -L -v'''</li><li>Test and review your configuration with the command:<br>'''testparm'''</li><li>Use the '''systemctl''' command to start the smb.service and enable the service to run on boot-up</li><li>If you have SELinux set to enforcing, you'll will need a new virtual machine. Because you probably forgot how to install one tell it to allow samba access to home directories by running: <br> '''setsebool - go through P samba_enable_home_dirs 1'''</li><li>Use the exercise again, and set up a vm4 from scratch. Only a minimal setup '''ss -nautp''' command to see with port Samba is neededrunning on. Configure it </li><li>Use the information in the same way previous step to modify the firewall on VM2 machine to allow samba traffic.</li><li>Test to see that youcan connect to your Samba server (locally) by issuing the following command:<br>'ve configured the other three main VMs''smbclient -U <yourSenecaID> -L 127.0.0. This should be a quick exercise for you by now1'''</li><li>When prompted, includingenter your Samba account password.</li><li>The output from that issued command show appear similar to example displayed below:</li></ol> Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- -------* The installation, home Disk Your Name* Connecting to the correct network with a static IP IPC$ IPC IPC Service (the address 192"Your Name") Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1681] Server=[Samba 4.X2.5 should be available),3] Server Comment ------ ------- WorkGroup Master --------- ------* Making sure you're using your internal DNS server, * Configuring default rules for <ol><li value="13">To access the Samba client shell on your iptables firewalllocal Samba share,* Allowing passwordless login from issue the hostfollowing command:<br>'''smbclient '\\127.0.0.1\home' -U <yourSenecaID>''s root '</li><li>Enter your Samba accountpassword.</li><li>Issue the help command to note common commands (''dir'',* Disabling selinux since you don't know 'cd'', ''ls'', ''put'', ''get''). Note how similar they are to configure it properly''sftp'' commands.</li><li>Enter '''exit''' to terminal your local Samba session.</li></ol>
As an interesting exercise: configure all your network settings (except the firewall) during the installation wizardYou can use smbclient to access, browse and share files within other Linux and Windows servers using a variety of tools which will be demonstrated in Investigations 2 and 3.
== Apache =='''Record steps, commands, and your observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your OPS335 lab log-book'''
Install Apache (the package name is httpd), start the service, make it start automatically, and allow access to it through the firewall (Apache serves HTTP traffic which goes over TCP port 80).==INVESTIGATION 2: CONNECTING TO A LINUX SMB SERVER FROM A LINUX CLIENT==
Now if In this investigation you navigate will explore some of the different ways to vm4.youruserid.org in access a web browser in your host - you should see an Apache testing pageshared directory from a Linux client machine (VM1).
Delete the file '''/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf''' to get rid of the default page.=== Installing and Using smbclient ===
We're not going to have a lot of time to study various Apache options so we'll tell you what you're looking for but you have to find it yourself.
'''DocumentRootPerform the following steps on your VM1''' specifies where Apache will look for documents to serve.
Now create #Install the file '''indexsamba-client''' and '''cifs-utils''' packages.html'#Use the "smbclient" command in a terminal window.<source> smbclient '\\vm2\home' -U <yourSenecaID></source>#After entering your password you should get a prompt similar to:<source> smb: \></source>#Enter the ls command to see a list of the files in your DocumentRoot home directory with :<source> smb: \> ls</source>#Once you have access to the following contents directory use the get and put commands (replace similar to ftp) to move files.#When you are finished close the date with the current one):connection.# Try again using '''[homes]''' share instead<source> smbclient '\\vm2\homes' -U <yourSenecaID></source>
<pre>Hello, Note that this is tool only gave temporary access with a web page on vm4limited set of commands.yourid.org and the current time is Mar 28 22:16:27 EDT 2016!</pre>
If you refresh the page in Firefox === Using 'mount - you should see the contents of your index.html. If you like - you can specify the filename index.html in the address but there's no need since itt cifs's a default.===
It may seem obvious - but notice that Instead of always having to use the time doesn't change as smbclient command to connect to your network share, you refresh can have the pageshare automatically mounted upon your file server boot-up.
== PHP ==
We'll replace our '''index.html'Perform the following steps on your VM1'' file with an '''index.php''' with the following contents:
#Issue the following commands to create a mount-point and to mount your home directory from your vm2 machine:<presource>Hello, this is a web page on vm4.yourid.org and the current time is mkdir /tmp/vm2-home mount -t cifs //vm2/home /tmp/vm2-home -o username=<?php system("date"); ?yourSenecaID>! ls /tmp/vm2-home</presource>#Create a file in that directory, then switch to '''vm2''' to confirm that it was created.#Use umount on '''vm1''' to unmount that directory.
Notice that in a web browser the index.php file isn't treated as a default page and the contents don't contain the date, but instead have exactly the text above. That's because the PHP interpreter isn't installed by default on CentOS. Install it. The package comes with a working default Apache configuration so you don't need to enable it manually.
Refresh the page, notice Note that you now see this tool would leave the date instead of directory mounted until the call machine rebooted or it was manually unmounted. It would also allow other users access to the date commanddirectory, as it effectively became part of the local filesystem. This is a trivial example of dynamic web content - it doesn It could even be added to fstab to be mounted on boot (though this would require another configuration file we don't need to be the same every time you look at itcover).
== MySQL INVESTIGATION 3: CONNECTING TO A SAMBA SERVER FROM A WINDOWS CLIENT==
MySQL is used This investigation will configure your VM2 machine to act as a Samba File server to allow storage and retrieval of structured data. SQL is used by countless services for all kinds of use cases. Again we won't spend much time learning Windows OS Users access to the details of MySQL configuration but you need a basic Linux Samba server set up. You may remember setting up MySQL from OPS235 - we're doing the nearly identical thing herefiles.
Install MySQL. You may notice that it's actually called MariaDB now. They are two separate projects run by different groups but they are compatible so you can use documentation from one to configure the other. Make sure you have not just the client but also the server software.===Accessing Files on a Linux Samba Server via Windows Explorer ===
When With some additional "tweaking" to your Linux Samba server configuration file, you start the service - you'll get some instructions in the log should be able to access files on that file about setting from a root passwordWindows machine on the same network. Even though we won't configure our service to You will be accessible over the network - you should get into the habit creating a Samba share for your home directory of doing this with every MySQL installation you ever makeyour regular user account.
Note that MySQL has two root passwords - one for localhost and one for external requests. Just run '''Perform the two commands youfollowing tasks:'re given in the log. Use a password you make up yourself, but don't use a secret password - you'll be putting it in a plain text file later.
= Roundcube Mail =# Make certain that your '''VM2''' machine is running, is still allowing samba traffic through the firewall, and is still running the samba service.# Use the Windows machine you are already running Vmware on. If you have a Linux host - good for you, you can either use a Windows VM or skip this part.# Add the prerouting and forwarding rules to your host's iptables necessary to redirect samba traffic from outside your network to your VM2, making sure to replace the X with your own network address.::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 139 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 445 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>OR with specifing the interface (whichever works):::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>where *externalinterface* is an interface name (e.g. ens33)<br>'''NOTE:''' when you restart libvirtd, it will move your FORWARD rules to the end of the chain, invalidating them.# Modify the '''hosts allow''' setting on your '''vm2''' to also accept connections from the windows machine you are using.# Open the Windows File Explorer application.# At the top of the application, enter the following:<br>'''\\EXTERNAL_IPADDR_OF_HOST\home'''
We'll install Roundcube Mail. Download the tarball from their website directly into the html directory of your vm4 using wget. This part may take some effort depending on the Sourceforge website.{| width="40%" align="right" cellpadding="10"
Extract |- valign="top"|[[Image:samba-login.png|thumb|right|300px|You will be prompted (once only) for the tarball Samba user-name and rename the directory to password for your '''VM2''' machine). ]]|[[Image:samba3-map-drive.png|thumb|right|300px|You can create a '''webmailmapped network drive (z:)'''for your Linux Samba server network share).]]|}
In that directory there <ol><li value="5"> You will be a file named prompted to enter your samba username and password (one time only). Refer to screenshot on right.<br><br>'''INSTALLNOTE:''' which It may take approximately 30 seconds to display the file contents.<br><br></li><li>Were you successful? You should have received an error stating the your credentials are incorrect. You will walk notice that it adds SENEDS to the beginning of your user name, as the Seneca machine is pre-configured to be part of that workgroup.</li><li>Change the workgroup parameter in smb.conf on VM2 to match the seneca domain SENEDS, and try to connect again.</li><li>Were you through successful? If not, try to troubleshoot the problem first, then ask your lab assistant or instructor for assistance.</li><li>Close the Windows File Explorer application window.</li><li>Click on the '''START''' menu, and click on '''This PC'''.</li><li>Click on the rest Map Network Drive button, and create a '''mapped network drive''' (called it drive '''Z:''') which is a Samba share of your VM2 machine for the home directory.</li><li>When finished, click on '''Network''' in Windows file manager to confirm that the installationnetwork share is present.</li><li>Try to create a file on Windows on your Linux Samba machine. Were you able to create a save a file?</li><li>Switch to your VM2 machine and check to see if that file was created in your home directory.</li></ol>
Some notes:{{Admon/important |Backup your VMs!|You MUST perform a '''full backup''' of ALL of your VMs whenever you complete your '''OPS335 labs''' or when working on your '''OPS335 assignments'''. You should be using the dump or rsync command VMs.}}
* Be careful about copy-pasting the MySQL setup part, don't try to rush it.* You'll need to install a couple more Apache modules: php-xml'Record steps, php-pdocommands, and phpyour observations from this INVESTIGATION in your OPS335 lab log-mysql.* Donbook'''t forget to set the password in the roundcube configuration.
Note ==COMPLETING THE LAB==In completing this lab you have gained experience using a service that both your IMAP and SMTP servers are allows remote access to files stored on a Linux server. You have also learned how to use several different machinestools to access those files, not on vm4both from a Linux and Windows client.. For that to work you'll need to set the following options for Roundcube:
* $config['smtp_server']===Online Submission===Follow the instructions for lab 5 on blackboard.* $config['default_host']<!--* $config['default_port===Andrew']s sections===
(You may choose to:* Submit screenshots of your work on Blackboard, in which case you don't need to come to the last two are your IMAP server)lab. You should be able * Or come to test the configuration in lab, show me your Roundcube installer Step 3work, and talk to me about it. I want to hear what you've learned and answer any questions you have.
== COMPLETING THE LAB ==You'll get the same grade regardless of how you choose to submit your work.
Students should be prepared with ::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Proof of network share of VM2 machine from Windows VM via Windows Explorer application::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Firewall settings on your Windows VM to allow Linux Samba network share::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Display contents of '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''all required commands (system information) displayed in a terminal ' file on VM2 machine::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Firewall exceptions (or multiple terminalsboth machines) prior to calling the instructor for signoffallow Samba traffic::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span>Download and run '''https://ict.senecacollege.ca/~andrew.smith/ops335/labcheck5.bash'''::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span>Completed Lab5 log-book notes.-->
'''Arrange evidence (command output) for each of these items on your screen, then ask your instructor to review them and sign off on the lab's completion:'''==EXPLORATION QUESTIONS==
::<span style="color:green;font-size:1#What does SMB stand for?#What does CIFS stand for?#What is the purpose of the '''testparm''' command?#What does the text inside square brackets in the '''smb.conf''' file mean? (e.g.5em;, ">✓</span>Your webmail showing your inbox::<span style=[home]"color:green;font-size:1).5em;#Explain the meaning of the line ">✓</span>Your webmail sending an email out::<span stylecreate mask =0765"color:green;font-size:1in the smb.5em;">&conf file?#x2713;</span>You receiving that mail on an exernal accountWhat does the '''smbpasswd''' command do?
