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OPS335 Lab 5

7,723 bytes added, 20:32, 4 January 2021
Using Nautilus to browse Samba shares
In this lab we will have a quick look at several separate technologies that are often used together with the Apache web server to install and run web applications.[[Category:OPS335]][[Category:OPS335 Labs]]
Apache on its own does little more than serve text pages, images, and other static files. You can format those pages to look nice but they won't have any dynamic functionality - they will always look the same.==OBJECTIVE & PREPARATION==
To add life This lab's primary focus is to set up a website more than just the web Samba server is needed. A popular acronym is LAMP. It stands for on a Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP (or Python). This week we will set up this stack server in order to allow MS Windows users to give us a website that does webmail (send and receive email in a web browser)share common files from the Linux's Samba server.
= LAMP === This lab will first install, setup, and enable a Samba server. Then users will access files on the Linux ==Samba server from Linux and Windows client machines (both graphically and command line).
We'll need a new virtual machine. Because you probably forgot how to install one - go through the exercise again, and set up a vm4 from scratch. Only a minimal setup is needed. Configure it in the same way that you've configured the other three main VMs. This should be a quick exercise for you by now, including==INVESTIGATION 1:* The installation,* Connecting to the correct network with a static IP (the address 192.168.X.5 should be available),* Making sure you're using your internal DNS server,* Configuring default rules for your iptables firewall,* Allowing passwordless login from the host's root account,* Disabling selinux since you don't know how to configure it properly.INSTALLING & CONFIGURING A SAMBA SERVER==
As an interesting exercise: In this investigation, we will set up a '''Samba server''' on our '''VM2''' machine. We will first install, configure all your network settings (except and enable the firewall) during samba server on our virtual machine, and then we will quickly test to see if the installation wizardSamba server works.
== Apache ==
Install Apache ('''Perform the package name is httpd), start the service, make it start automatically, and allow access to it through the firewall (Apache serves HTTP traffic which goes over TCP port 80).following steps:'''
Now if you navigate #Make certain that both your '''VM1''' and '''VM2''' machines are running.#Switch to your '''VM2''' machine as the '''root''' user.#Issue the following Linux command to install Samba server utlity:<br>'''yum install samba samba-client'''<br>#Copy the file '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' to vm4another filename by issuing the following command:<br>'''cp /etc/samba/smb.youruseridconf /etc/samba/smb.org conf.original'''#Clear the contents of the configuration file by running '''cat /dev/null > /etc/samba/smb.conf'''#Edit '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' so that the file that contains the following lines: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = "put your real name here without the quotes" encrypt passwords = yes security = user passdb backend = tdbsam [home] comment = "put your real name here without the quotes" path = /home/<yourSenecaID> public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 [homes] comment = automatic home share public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 browseable = no<ol><li value="3">Append (add) the following parameter to the bottom of the '''[global] section''' that will limit access to the share so that only machines in your virtual network will be able to access it:</li></ol> hosts allow = 192.168.x. 127.0.0.1<ol><li value="4">Append (add) the following parameter to the '''[home] section''' so that only your user account can access that share:</li></ol> valid users = <yourSenecaID><ol><li value="5">Create a web browser in your host Samba account and password for yourSenecaID by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbpasswd - you should see an Apache testing page.a <yourSenecaID>'''</li></ol>
Delete {{Admon/tip|Changing Existing Samba Account Passwords|If you need to change a user's existing Samba account password, you can issue the file following command as root: '''/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.confsmbpasswd username''' to get rid of the default page.}}
We<ol><li value="6">Confirm the user you created has been added using the following command:<br>'''pdbedit -L -v'''</li><li>Test and review your configuration with the command:<br>'''testparm're not going ''</li><li>Use the '''systemctl''' command to start the smb.service and enable the service to run on boot-up</li><li>If you have a lot of time SELinux set to study various Apache options so weenforcing, you'll will need to tell it to allow samba access to home directories by running: <br> '''setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs 1'''</li><li>Use the '''ss -nautp''' command to see with port Samba is running on.</li><li>Use the information in the previous step to modify the firewall on VM2 machine to allow samba traffic.</li><li>Test to see that you what youcan connect to your Samba server (locally) by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbclient -U <yourSenecaID> -L 127.0.0.1'''</li><li>When prompted, enter your Samba account password.</li><li>The output from that issued command show appear similar to example displayed below:</li></ol> Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- home Disk Your Name IPC$ IPC IPC Service ("Your Name") Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment ------ ------- WorkGroup Master --------- ------ <ol><li value="13">To access the Samba client shell on your local Samba share, issue the following command:<br>'''smbclient '\\127.0.0.1\home' -U <yourSenecaID>'''</li><li>Enter your Samba account password.</li><li>Issue the help command to note common commands (''dir'', ''cd'', ''ls'', ''put'', ''get''). Note how similar they are to ''sftp'' commands.</li><li>Enter '''exit'''re looking for but you have to find it yourselfterminal your local Samba session.</li></ol>
'''DocumentRoot''' specifies where Apache You can use smbclient to access, browse and share files within other Linux and Windows servers using a variety of tools which will look for documents to servebe demonstrated in Investigations 2 and 3.
Now create the file '''index.htmlRecord steps, commands, and your observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your OPS335 lab log-book''' in your DocumentRoot directory with the following contents (replace the date with the current one):
<pre>Hello, this is a web page on vm4.yourid.org and the current time is Mar 28 22==INVESTIGATION 2:16:27 EDT 2016!</pre>CONNECTING TO A LINUX SMB SERVER FROM A LINUX CLIENT==
If In this investigation you refresh the page in Firefox - you should see the contents will explore some of your index.html. If you like - you can specify the filename index.html in the address but there's no need since it's different ways to access a shared directory from a defaultLinux client machine (VM1).
It may seem obvious - but notice that the time doesn't change as you refresh the page.=== Installing and Using smbclient ===
== PHP ==
We'll replace our '''index.html'Perform the following steps on your VM1'' file with an '''index.php''' with the following contents:
#Install the '''samba-client''' and '''cifs-utils''' packages.#Use the "smbclient" command in a terminal window.<source> smbclient '\\vm2\home' -U <yourSenecaID></source>#After entering your password you should get a prompt similar to:<presource> smb: \></source>Hello, this is #Enter the ls command to see a web page on vm4.yourid.org and list of the current time is files in your home directory:<source> smb: \> ls<?php system/source>#Once you have access to the directory use the get and put commands ("date"similar to ftp); ?to move files.#When you are finished close the connection.# Try again using '''[homes]''' share instead<source> smbclient '\\vm2\homes' -U <yourSenecaID>!</presource>
Notice Note that in a web browser the index.php file isn't treated as a default page and the contents don't contain the date, but instead have exactly the text above. That's because the PHP interpreter isn't installed by default on CentOS. Install it. The package comes this tool only gave temporary access with a working default Apache configuration so you don't need to enable it manuallylimited set of commands.
Refresh the page, notice that you now see the date instead of the call to the date command. This is a trivial example of dynamic web content === Using 'mount - it doesnt cifs't need to be the same every time you look at it.===
== MySQL ==Instead of always having to use the smbclient command to connect to your network share, you can have the share automatically mounted upon your file server boot-up.
MySQL is used to allow storage and retrieval of structured data. SQL is used by countless services for all kinds of use cases. Again we won't spend much time learning the details of MySQL configuration but you need a basic server set up. You may remember setting up MySQL from OPS235 - we're doing the nearly identical thing here.
Install MySQL. You may notice that it's actually called MariaDB now. They are two separate projects run by different groups but they are compatible so you can use documentation from one to configure ''Perform the other. Make sure you have not just the client but also the server software.following steps on your VM1'''
When you start #Issue the service following commands to create a mount-point and to mount your home directory from your vm2 machine:<source> mkdir /tmp/vm2-home mount -t cifs //vm2/home /tmp/vm2-home -o username=<yourSenecaID> ls /tmp/vm2- youhome</source>#Create a file in that directory, then switch to '''vm2'''ll get some instructions in the log file about setting a root passwordto confirm that it was created. Even though we won#Use umount on '''vm1'''t configure our service to be accessible over the network - you should get into the habit of doing this with every MySQL installation you ever makeunmount that directory.
Note that MySQL has two root passwords - one for localhost and one for external requests. Just run the two commands you're given in the log. Use a password you make up yourself, but don't use a secret password - you'll be putting it in a plain text file later.
= Roundcube Mail =Note that this tool would leave the directory mounted until the machine rebooted or it was manually unmounted. It would also allow other users access to the directory, as it effectively became part of the local filesystem. It could even be added to fstab to be mounted on boot (though this would require another configuration file we don't cover).
We'll install Roundcube Mail. Download the tarball from their website directly into the html directory of your vm4 using wget. This part may take some effort depending on the Sourceforge website.==INVESTIGATION 3: CONNECTING TO A SAMBA SERVER FROM A WINDOWS CLIENT==
Extract This investigation will configure your VM2 machine to act as a Samba File server to allow Windows OS Users access to the tarball and rename the directory to '''webmail'''Linux Samba server files.
In ===Accessing Files on a Linux Samba Server via Windows Explorer === With some additional "tweaking" to your Linux Samba server configuration file, you should be able to access files on that file from a Windows machine on the same network. You will be creating a Samba share for your home directory there of your regular user account. '''Perform the following tasks:''' # Make certain that your '''VM2''' machine is running, is still allowing samba traffic through the firewall, and is still running the samba service.# Use the Windows machine you are already running Vmware on. If you have a Linux host - good for you, you can either use a Windows VM or skip this part.# Add the prerouting and forwarding rules to your host's iptables necessary to redirect samba traffic from outside your network to your VM2, making sure to replace the X with your own network address.::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 139 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 445 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>OR with specifing the interface (whichever works):::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>where *externalinterface* is an interface name (e.g. ens33)<br>'''NOTE:''' when you restart libvirtd, it will move your FORWARD rules to the end of the chain, invalidating them.# Modify the '''hosts allow''' setting on your '''vm2''' to also accept connections from the windows machine you are using.# Open the Windows File Explorer application.# At the top of the application, enter the following:<br>'''\\EXTERNAL_IPADDR_OF_HOST\home''' {| width="40%" align="right" cellpadding="10" |- valign="top"|[[Image:samba-login.png|thumb|right|300px|You will be prompted (once only) for the Samba user-name and password for your '''VM2''' machine). ]]|[[Image:samba3-map-drive.png|thumb|right|300px|You can create a '''mapped network drive (z:)''' for your Linux Samba server network share). ]]|} <ol><li value="5"> You will be prompted to enter your samba username and password (one time only). Refer to screenshot on right.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' It may take approximately 30 seconds to display the file named contents.<br><br></li><li>Were you successful? You should have received an error stating the your credentials are incorrect. You will notice that it adds SENEDS to the beginning of your user name, as the Seneca machine is pre-configured to be part of that workgroup.</li><li>Change the workgroup parameter in smb.conf on VM2 to match the seneca domain SENEDS, and try to connect again.</li><li>Were you successful? If not, try to troubleshoot the problem first, then ask your lab assistant or instructor for assistance.</li><li>Close the Windows File Explorer application window.</li><li>Click on the '''START''INSTALL'menu, and click on '' 'This PC'''.</li><li>Click on the Map Network Drive button, and create a '''mapped network drive''' (called it drive '''Z:''') which is a Samba share of your VM2 machine for the home directory.</li><li>When finished, click on '''Network''' in Windows file manager to confirm that the network share is present.</li><li>Try to create a file on Windows on your Linux Samba machine. Were you able to create a save a file?</li><li>Switch to your VM2 machine and check to see if that file was created in your home directory.</li></ol> {{Admon/important |Backup your VMs!|You MUST perform a '''full backup''' of ALL of your VMs whenever you complete your '''OPS335 labs''' or when working on your '''OPS335 assignments'''. You should be using the dump or rsync command VMs.}} '''Record steps, commands, and your observations from this INVESTIGATION in your OPS335 lab log-book''' ==COMPLETING THE LAB==In completing this lab you have gained experience using a service that allows remote access to files stored on a Linux server. You have also learned how to use several different tools to access those files, both from a Linux and Windows client.. ===Online Submission===Follow the instructions for lab 5 on blackboard.<!--===Andrew's sections=== You may choose to:* Submit screenshots of your work on Blackboard, in which will walk case you don't need to come to the lab.* Or come to the lab, show me your work, and talk to me about it. I want to hear what you've learned and answer any questions you have. You'll get the same grade regardless of how you through choose to submit your work. ::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span> Proof of network share of VM2 machine from Windows VM via Windows Explorer application::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span> Firewall settings on your Windows VM to allow Linux Samba network share::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span> Display contents of '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' file on VM2 machine::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span> Firewall exceptions (both machines) to allow Samba traffic::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Download and run '''https://ict.senecacollege.ca/~andrew.smith/ops335/labcheck5.bash'''::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span>Completed Lab5 log-book notes.--> ==EXPLORATION QUESTIONS==  #What does SMB stand for?#What does CIFS stand for?#What is the purpose of the '''testparm''' command?#What does the text inside square brackets in the '''smb.conf''' file mean? (e.g., "[home]").#Explain the rest meaning of the installationline "create mask = 0765" in the smb.conf file?#What does the '''smbpasswd''' command do?