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[[Category:OPS235]][[Category:OPS235 Labs]]
{{Admon/caution|THIS IS AN OLD VERSION OF THE LAB|'''This is an archived version. Do not use this in your OPS235 course.'''}}
=Logical Volume Management and Software Package Management=
==Introduction==
* Fedora 17 LIVE CD
* Fedora 17 x86_64 Installation DVD
* SATA Hard Disk (in removable disk tray)
* USB Memory Stick
* Lab Logbook
==Prerequisites==
* Completion and Instructor "Sign-off" of Lab 2: [[OPS235 Lab 2]]
==Linux Command Online Reference==
:* [http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/yum/ Using the YUM Utility]
= Software Package Management =
== Investigation 1: How do you query the RPM database? ==
RPM maintains a database of installed software. This information is very useful to system administrators. In Lab 3, you queried that database using RPM with the -q argument. When you query the RPM database, you can separately specify:
:* Which packages you want to do an <u>operational task</u> (like installing or removing a package), using a '''select-option'''
:* What <u>information</u> you want about those packages, using a '''query-option'''
'''Perform the following steps:'''
# Using information from the man page for <code>rpm</code>, fill in this information:
{|width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="5"
|-
!Option
!Meaning
!Select or query option?
!Example command
|-
| -a
|Select all packages
|select-option
|
|-
| -l
|
|
|
|-
| -i
|Show the package information.
|
|
|-
| -f filename
|
|
|
|-
|packagename
|Select just this package
|select-option
|
|}
'''Answer the Investigation 1 observations / table contents in your lab log book.'''
== Investigation 2: How do you install and remove software with RPM? ==
# Use the graphical file manager (Nautilus) to change to the directory on your Installation DVD. Go to the sub-directory called '''Packages''' and then go to the sub-directory '''l''' (for files beginning with the letter l like the '''lynx''' package). You should see a file called: <code>lynx-2.8.7-8.fc17.x86_64.rpm</code>
# Execute the following command: <code>rpm -i lynx-2.8.7-8.fc17.x86_64.rpm</code>
# Issue an RPM query to check that lynx is installed. Record this command in your lab log-book.
# Issue the following command: <code>rpm -e lynx</code>
# Issue an RPM query to verify that lynx is no longer installed. Record this command in your lab log-book.
# Move to the appropriate sub-directory for packages that begin with the letter '''b'''.
# Issue the following command: <code>rpm -i BackupPC-3.2.1-7.fc17.x86_64.rpm</code> and note the result
'''Answer the Investigation 2 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
== Investigation 3: How do you install and remove software with ''yum''? ==
{{Admon/note|Internet Connection|In order for yum to work you require a connection to the Internet. Establish this connection by using the browser to log into SeneNET}}
# Change to your home directory.
<ol>
<li value="2">Issue the command: <code>yum install BackupPC</code> and answer <code>y</code> to the question about installation.
<ol type="a">
<li>Where did ''yum'' get the BackupPC software?</li>
<li>Why could ''yum'' install BackupPC when rpm couldn't?</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Issue an RPM query to verify that BackupPC is installed. Record this command in your lab log-book.</li>
<li>Issue the command: <code>yum remove BackupPC</code></li>
<li>Issue an RPM query to verify that BackupPC is no longer installed. Record this command in your lab log-book.</li>
<li>Install <code>nled</code> using '''yum'''. Record this command in your lab log-book.</li>
<li>Issue this command: <code>yum info cups</code></li>
</ol>
::* Based on the result, do you think that cups is a useful package for your system? If not, try removing it.
<ol>
<li value="8">Unused and unneeded software can present a security risk and ties up disk space needlessly. Find at least 4 other packages that you're not using on your system, and remove them. Be careful to ensure that removing those packages does not also remove other software that you do need.</li>
</ol>
== Definition of LVM / Check Current LVM Information Prior to Performing Investigations =Logical Volume Management (Introduction)=
'''LVM''' ('''Logical Volume Management''') is used to manage hard disk drives / partitions for Unix/Linux systems. LVM provides more flexibility than just working with hard disks / hard disk partitions. '''Volume Groups''' are areas used to define '''Physical Volumes''' (i.e. hard disks, disk partitions, or other forms of storage devices). '''Logical Volumes''' are then used to relate directories (mount points) to a specific physical volume or for a "range" or "span" of physical volumes.
'''Although the concept of LVM is simple, it takes practice and preparation (or "thinking ahead") in order to correctly use this valuable tool'''. It is important for students to gain an understanding of LVM, and how to manage their file-systems using LVM. It is recommended for students to read the following resource prior to this lab and/or return to the following resource while performing this lab: [[Logical Volume Management]]
At this point, having completed [[OPS235 Lab 2|Lab 2]] you should have <u>roughly</u> the following disk storage setup:<br />
('''Note:''' These results are output from the '''vgs''', '''lvs''', and '''pvs''' commands that provide volume group, physical volume and logical volume information for each of the virtual machines that you created in lab2. Before proceeding, check these values with your own system to see if you are generally "on the right track".<br /><br />
* '''fedora1'''
lv_swap vg_fedora3 -wi-ao 520.00m
* '''f16host f17host (i.e. "removable hard disk" or "disk pack")''' VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree vg_f16host 1 3 0 wz--n- 232.38g 0 PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda3 vg_f16host lvm2 a-- 232.38g 0 LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert lv_home vg_f16host -wi-ao 176.62g lv_root vg_f16host -wi-ao 50.00g lv_swap vg_f16host -wi-ao 5.75g
=== Why Readjust sizes Investigation 4: Extend the size of lv_root and lv_home? =using command-line tools ==
'''Perform the following operations to redistribute increase the sizes size of lv_root and lv_home in f16hostfedora3:'''
<u>'''<font>Steps:</font>'''</u>
<ol>
<li value="2">'''Log-off all users on Run the GUI'''. You won't be able to complete this procedure if any users other than "root" are logged in. <br />OR You can go into Runlevel 1 by using following commands and make note of the command "init 1" (without the quotes) in the terminal.output:</li> <licode>Press the keyboard combination '''Ctrl-Alt-F2''' to a switch to a textls /dev/vd* pvs vgs lvs df -based Virtual Terminal. If you are having trouble connecting to a text-based terminal, try the '''Ctrl'''-'''Alt''' keys with another '''function''' key.h</licode> <li>Log into your root account (eg. '''username: ''root'' password: ''admin password''''')Open the fedora3 virtual machine console</li> <li>Enter Go to the following Linux commands:hardware details view</li> </olli>:: Click "Add Hardware" and add a new storage device of 2GBs, make sure it's a VirtIO disk.<code>umount /home</codeli>:: <codeli>lvreduce -L 20G -r vg_f16host/lv_homeGo back to the console view</codeli>:: <codeli>lvextend -l +100%FREE -r vg_f16host/lv_rootRun the same ls command now, what's changed?</codeli>:: <codeli>mount -Now we'll make the new device as aphysical volume, add it to the volume group, and extend lv_root:</codeli>:: <code>logout<pvcreate /dev/code>vdb
</ol>
'''Answer the Investigation 1 4 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
== Investigation 25: How are LVMs managed using system-config-lvm? ==
'''Perform this investigation on the VM named ''<u>fedora2</u>''.'''
<li>Try shrinking the home file-system. What happens? Why?</li>
</ol>
'''Answer the Investigation 5 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
=Updated backup instructions = Investigation 6: How do you install and remove software with ''yum''? == {{Admon/note|Internet Connection|In order for yum to work you require a connection to the Internet. Establish this connection by using the browser to log into SeneNET}}
Remember adding a new harddrive to fedora3? You will need to back up that drive as well. If you don'''Answer the Investigation 6 observations / questions in t - you will only have half of your lab log bookmachine backed up, which is of no use for a recovery.'''
= Completing the lab =
{{Admon/important|Time for a new backup!|If you have successfully completed this lab, make a new backup of your virtual machines.}}
'''Notes:'''
# rpm command options
# yum command options
# How to use pvs/vgs/lvs/df/pvcreate/vgextend/lvextend
# Answer to this question "What is the license of the nautilus package?"
'''Arrange evidence for each of these items on your screen, then ask your instructor to review them and sign off on the lab's completion:'''
# Larger <code>/home</code> nled installed on '''fedora2'''.# Listing of Linux commands to perform Investigation #3 the host (via CLIdisk pack - main system f16host).
# Unnecessary/unused packages have been deleted (list at least 4, and show that they are no longer installed).
# Fresh backup of the virtual machines.
= Preparing for Quizzes =
# What is a VG? PV? LV?
# What commands are used to determine VG / PV / LV information?