== Objectives ==* Format, mount, {{Admon/caution|THIS IS AN OLD VERSION OF THE LAB|'''This is an archived version. Do not use, and unmount ext3, ext4, and vfat filesystems on USB flash drivesthis in your OPS235 course.* Create filesystems on various storage devices* Create hard disk partitions* Backup filesystems and images* Mount a filesystem stored within a a regular file'''}}

=Fedora 17 Installation (on Main Host - f17host)= Reference ==* [http://linuxmanpages.com/ man pages] for cp, mount, umount, fdisk, mkdir, file, mkfs, dumpe2fs, grep, dd* Online reading material for weeks 1 and 2.

== Instructions Introduction==# Set your computer's drive selector switch to external, then power up the computer.# Insert the Fedora Live CD into the CD/DVD drive.# Reboot the system.# The boot process is completed when you see the GDM Login Screen. Click on "Automatic Login" to login as the "Live System User".# We are going to start by opening a terminal window to access our shell environment. Click on Applications --> System Tools --> Terminal to start the terminal.# At the top of the terminal window, you should see the command prompt similar to [liveuser@localhost ~]$ This prompt indicates that it is ready to take your command. The program that is running is called a shell.# At the command prompt, enter the command whoami (all in one word) and press return. This command shows the so-called User Name. Make notes of this user name.# At the command prompt, enter the command pwd and press return. This command shows the so-called present working directory or current working directory. Record the present working directory of the shell running on the terminal window. As we have not yet changed directories this should also be your users home directory. (Also indicated by the ~ character in the prompt)

{{Admon/important|Using Superuser Privilege|Throughout :* In this courselab, you may need are going to execute commands using install the privileges of the the administrative user Fedora (username "root", also called the "superuser"GNU/Linux Distribution). To switch to your removable hard disk from your account to the root account, type the command: <code>su -</code>burned DVD.

After switching user notice and make note of the change :* Although this will be a simple install, this Fedora Operating System will be a platform for other Virtual Machine Fedora installations (in your shell promptfuture labs). Also note Therefore, it is very important that you take the difference in output for the <code>whoami</code> time to carefully read and perform ALL steps, and <code>pwd</code> commandstake time to check your work.

Whenever this is required:* After performing the Fedora17 DVD installation, make a note of ityou will collect baseline information about your Fedora GNU/Linux system, and determine why superuser privilege is requiredperform some post installation configuration to prepare your system for the remainder of the labs.

When ==Objectives== # Perform a GNU/Linux installation using the Fedora 17 distribution# Investigate information during and after the Fedora 17 installation# Perform an update after a recent installation ==Required Materials (Bring to All Labs)== * Fedora 17 LIVE CD* Fedora 17 x86_64 Installation DVD* SATA Hard Disk (in removable disk tray)* USB Memory Stick* Lab Logbook ==Prerequisites== * None (First Lab) ==Linux Command Online Reference== Each Link below displays online manpages for each command (via [http://linuxmanpages.com/ http://linuxmanpages.com]): {|width="100%" cellpadding="5" width="50%"|'''Utilities:'''|- valign="top"|:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/rpm.8.php rpm]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man1/hostname.1.php hostname]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man1/uname.1.php uname]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man1/ps.1.php ps]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/ifconfig.8.php ifconfig]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/netstat.8.php netstat]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/route.8.php route]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man1/nslookup.1.php nslookup]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man1/wc.1.php wc]|} Normally you would read man pages on the machine you are finished 're working on using the root account type exit man command, for example '''man rpm''' will show you the manual page for the rpm command. ==Resources on the web==Additional links to return tutorials and HOWTOs::* [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/17/html/Installation_Guide/ Fedora 17 Installation Guide] =Performing Lab 1= ==Investigation 1: How to Perform a Fedora DVD Install on Your Removable Hard Drive == === Part 1: Simple Things === # Insert your '''removable SATA hard disk''' into the drive tray.# Set your previous accountcomputer's drive selector switch to '''external''' (a.k.a ''position #4'').# Power up the computer and insert the '''Fedora 17 Installation DVD''' into the CD/DVD drive.# Wait until the Fedora DVD boots (could take a few moments). {{Admon/important|Boot-up Issues (Fedora17) in Seneca's Computer labs|If for some reason, the Fedora17 Installation DVD does not boot: :* Restart the computer, and '''press the function key F10 to specify the device to boot''' (eg. DVD drive). Avoid using :* If the superuser account unless absolutely necessaryuser is prompted for a password, because '''simply press ENTER''' (without typing any password) at the password prompt.:* Choose the superuser account has unlimited privilege DVD drive from the list of devices avalable for boot.:* You will need to perform this technique to ensure that Fedora boots from the hard drive (in future labs).:* If you have tried this technique, and the Fedora Installation DVD does not boot, you may have to burn a typo can destroy your systemnew Fedora Installation DVD.|

{{Admon<ol> <li value="5">Note the time at the beginning of your installation.</note|Disabling li> <li>When the Auto-mounting of Devices|At this point we need Fedora17 Installation DVD boots, it will prompt the user to disable test the ability media (i.e. DVD) for our linux system to automatically detect and mount removeable mediaintegrity. Since time is limited for installation in the lab, select '''SKIP'''. This would interfere with On the learning objectives other hand, if the install did not work, then you can test out the integrity of the rest of DVD in the computer labduring your spare time.</li> <li>Select the default language ('''English''') in the next install screen, and click '''Next'''.</li> <li>Select the default '''keyboard layout''' and '''Basic Storage Devices''' in the following installation screens. To do this enter </li> <li>Set your hostname (name of the command: computer) to <codebig>pkill hald'''f17host'''</codebig>(one word, no space, all lowercase). </li> <li>Set your time zone to '''You will need to do this again if you reboot during this lab.Toronto'''}}. Note that the system (BIOS) clock is set to local time, not UTC.</li> <li>Root Password: enter a password of your own choosing. Pick one that is hard to guess to protect your system. (Recommendation: use the first letter and all the punctuation from a favorite phrase or song verse. For example, "To be or not to be, that is the question!" could become the password "Tbontb,titq!").</li> </ol> === Part 2: Partitioning ===

=== Investigation 1: How does Linux enable you {{Admon/tip |You're supposed to access two different drives without using a use this hard drive designator? ===# Type the command mount. Describe the output of the command in your lab log. What do the fields of data represent? Use the man page only for the mount command and google searches to find this information# Insert your USB flash drive into a USB port on the computer.# Because we have turned off the automatic mounting feature nothing will happen. In order to access the file system on this storage device we must mount it on to our existing file/directory structure.# To mount a device we must first create a mount point to mount it on. Create a new directory called <code>/media/usb</code> (These steps should be done as "root")# Next we course| But if you really need to use the mount command to mount the device. Try typing the following command: <code>mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/usb</code>. This command contains 3 important pieces of information (command arguments):#* <code>-t vfat</code> tells the mount command to mount it as a FAT filesystem. (Most likely choice for a USB flash drive)#* <code>/dev/sdb1</code> tells two courses, and the mount command which device to mount. (If this didn't work try <code>/dev/sdc1</code> or <code>/dev/sda1</code>)#* <code>/media/usb</code> tells the mount command where to mount professor for the device other (the "mount point"probably windows)# Type the command mount and compare the output with the output from step 9. Record what has changed.# What file system type is the USB device mounted as? Where was course will allow it mounted? What is the device name?# Create a file in the directory /media/usb/ by redirecing the output of the cal command: cal >/media/usb/month# Display a detailed listing of the directory where the device is mounted and record the output: ls -l /media/usb# Type the command umount /media/usb -- What happened to the contents of the /media/usb directory? Compare results ask your professor for help with step 17partitioning.# Type the command mount and observe the output. What is different from step 14? Why?# Make a new mount point called /media/usb2 Mount your usb flash drive on the new mount point.# Display a detailed listing of the new mount point again. Is your file there?}}

Answer <ol> <li>If you get a warning with something like "This device may contain data" - it's probably your new hard drive and you can safely use it.</li> <li>Select '''Create Custom Layout''', we don't want to use the Fedora default setup now.</li> <li>On your drive you will need at least the Investigation 1 question: How does Linux enable following partitions. These may be primary partitions or logical drives. If you have more space than 250GB available - you can add the extra space in equal parts to access two different drives without using a drive designator? /home and /var/lib/libvirt/images</li> <ul><li>'''20GB''' for '''/''' (i.e. "root")</li> <li>'''30GB''' for /home</li> <li>'''8GB''' for '''swap''' (Write Note: "swap" must be selected from the answer drop down menu)</li> <li>'''100GB''' for '''/var/lib/libvirt/images'''</li></ul> <li>Record briefly in your lab log booklogbook what partitions you created of what size and what device names were assigned to them (/dev/sda1, etc.).</li></ol>

=== Investigation 2Part 3: How do you create a vfat or ext3 filesystem? Completing Installation ===

{{Admon/tip | Flash drives with no partition table | If your device name ends <ol> <li>Select in the next screen the '''Graphical Desktop''' applications, and in a letter the additional repositories section (for exampleat the bottom) accept the default settings, it is then proceed. You may look at what's available if you choose "Customize now" but you don't need to customize the software installed at this point.<code/li>/dev/sdb </codeli> instead Add in your lab logbook a brief description of the term "software repository" and what its major purpose serves (what you think it does). We will not add any existing repositories since we are not currently connected to the Internet. Therefore, we will customize the repositories later.<code/li>/dev/sdb1 </codeli>), add '''Proceed with the installation. This may take some time'''. Record in your lab log-book the <codeu>-Igeneral</codeu> to steps in the installation process (displayed in the dialog box).<code/li>mkfs </codeli> commands in this section. This When installation is because your USB flash drive does not have complete, a partition tablescreen will confirm completion, which normally causes an error; and ask the user to remove the DVD, and reboot the computer. Write in your lab log-book the time it took to perform this DVD Fedora install.<code/li>-I <li>Remove the Fedora Installation DVD, and click '''Reboot'''.</codeli> option tells mkfs to proceed anyways.}}

# Unmount your USB flash drive.# Enter the command: <codeli>mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1</code>#* What is When the purpose of this command? Use the man page for mkfs to research what you did with this command.#* Did we execute the command on the device name system starts, set or accept the mount point?# Attempt to mount the USB flash drive using the command you used in Investigation 1. What was the result?# Check the man page for the mount command to see how to change your command to mount the device correctly, time and issue that command.# Once the device is mounted do a long directory listing of the mount pointdate default. What has changed?# Do an internet search to find out what the <code/li>lost+found </codeli> directory is for. Record your findings in your notes.# Create a new file on the device user account for yourself using the same technique used in Investigation 1.# Unmount the device user ID as your learn account, and remount it on the original mount pointcreate a suitable password. Is the new file there?</li># Type the command mount and observe the type value for the USB flash drive filesystem. Compare this value <li>Normally, you would want to enable '''Network Time Protocol''', but since we will be experimenting with the type found networking turned off in Investigation 1.# Change your current working directory to where the device is mountedlater labs, '''leave it disabled'''.# Attempt to unmount the USB flash drive. What was the result? Why? Record your findings in your notes.# Solve the error and unmount the device.# Consult the man pages for <code>mkfs</codeli> and <codeli>mkfsClick on '''Do Not Send Hardware Profile'''.ext3</codeli> to see how to reformat the device to a ext3 file system with a volume label that is the same as your learn ID.# Enter <li>Finish the command to reformat post-installation customization, wait for the device.# The <code>dumpe2fs /dev/sdb1</code> command will allow us login screen to see detailed information about ext3 filesystems. Use it appear, and then login to confirm your volume label is correct computer account and record the size of your journal.# Mount the device again as an ext3 filesystemcreated (i.# While the device is still mounted reformat the device as a vfat filesysteme. What error message did you receive? Why? Record your conclusions in your notes.# Unmount the device and format it as vfat.# Now you will investigate what happens when you copy files to the device name rather than the mount point). Issue the command cp </etc/hosts /dev/sdb1li># Now mount your device. Was it successful? Try mounting it as ext3. Was it successful? What has happened <li>Proceed to the filesystem on the device?Investigation 2</li># Reformat it as vfat and mount it.# Unmount the device. </ol>

==='''Answer the Investigation 3: How do you create an ext3 filesystem on a USB flash drive with a volume label?===1 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''

{{Admon/tip | Tip==Investigation 2: | Check the man page for <code>dumpe2fs</code>.}}# Shutdown your computer. (Under the "System" menu)# Insert your removable SATA hard disk, remove your USB flash drive and restart the computer. (Leave your "Live CD" in the computer)# When the computer has restarted and you have logged in. Insert your USB flash drive into the USB port.# Open a terminal window and run the <code>mount</code> command.# It is quite possible that the device name for your USB flash drive has changed from what you were using previously. Your hardware configuration is different because now you have a hard drive connected. One way to determine what your USB device name is now is to look at the system log. Use the tail command to view the last 20 lines of the How many file <code>/var/log/messages</code> There should be kernel entries that were generated when you inserted the device.# Create a Linux ext3 filesystem on the USB device, giving it a volume label of "Lab1", packages and record the following in in your logbook:#* What is the block size for the new format?#* How many blocks were created?#* How often will the new filesystem be automatically checked?#* What volume label was given to the filesystem?# According to the man page what is the purpose of dumpe2fs?# If you executed dumpe2fs files are installed on an MS-DOS filesystem what do you think would be the resultsystem?# Mount the USB device onto the mount point /media/lab1# Copy the files <code>/etc/services</code>,<code>/etc/networks</code> to the USB flash drive.==

===Investigation 4 '''For the rest of the tasks in this lab, you must login to your installed Fedora system using your Learn account, open a terminal and execute the following listed Linux commands to obtain information for your lab-logbook''' (lab1). If you get a Permission Denied message when trying to execute a command, then switch to the '''superuser''' account by running the command '''su - How do ''' and type in your password for "root" (since you create hard disk partitions?===are the main administrator for your Fedora system). Once the intended command is executed, type "exit" to exit from the superuser account and return to your regular Learn account.

Disk {{Admon/dev/sda: 12.0 GBimportant|Using Superuser Privilege|Throughout this course, 12072517632 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1467 cylinders Units = cylinders you may need to execute commands using the privileges of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System ...* Read and study this [http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/fdisk_partitioning.html reading] about how to use the fdisk command before you go on to the next stepadministrative user (username "root", also called the "superuser").* Review To switch from your account to the man page for root account, type the fdisk command.: <code>su</code>

{{Admon/caution | Important/warning! | The following operation will erase the contents After switching user notice and make note of your hard disk. If you have any useful data stored on your disk, you must back it up first or use another hard disk that does not contain useful data on it.|Do not plan on sharing the hard disk with the Windows course! You will be doing lots of tasks that may cause you to lose change in your data.}}# Enter the command fdisk /dev/sda to start the hard disk partition program.# At the fdisk command shell prompt, enter the letter '''p''' to print out the current partition table of the hard disk. If there are any partitions, use Also note the '''d''' option to delete all of them, starting with difference in output for the highest partition number first.# At the fdisk command prompt, use the '''n''' <code>whoami</code> and '''t''' <code>pwd</code> commands to create these three partitions: /dev/sda1 - 300MB (primary, Linux Native) /dev/sda2 - the rest of the hard disk (extended) /dev/sda5 - 300MB (logical, Linux Native) * Use the '''p''' option the display the new partition and record it in your log book.* Remember to use the '''w''' option to write the new partitions information instead of the '''q''' option to quit without saving.* Logout and restart Fedora.

Answer '''Whenever this is required, make a note of it, and determine why superuser privilege is required.''' When you are finished using the root account type exit to return to your previous account. '''Avoid using the superuser account unless absolutely necessary, because the superuser account has unlimited privilege and a typo can destroy your system.''' In some documentation, you may see the command <code>su -</code> used in place of <code>su</code>. The dash argument causes <code>su</code> to go through the steps that would normally be performed when the root user logs in, including (1) running the startup scripts (such as<code>/etc/profile</code> and <code>/root/.bash_profile</code> and (2) changing to the root user's home directory (<code>/root</code>). Note that the root user's home directory (<code>/root</code>) is ''not'' the same as the root directory of the system (<code>/</code>). It is also in a different directory than the rest of the Investigation 4 question home directories, which are typically in your lab <code>/home</code> -- the reason for this is that <code>/home</code> is sometimes on a network filesystem shared by another server (as is the case on Matrix), and it's important that the system administrator be able to log bookin to the system even if the network is not operating normally.}}

# After rebooting Navigate through your Graphical Fedorasystem, open up a Terminal Window '''locate and enter the command <code>fdisk -l /dev/sda</code> to display the hard disk partition table. Verify that you have partitioned your hard disk correctly.# Create run a Linux 3rd extended filesystem terminal program (ext3) on the 300MB primary partition /dev/sda1# Create the empty directory <code>/mnt/harddisk</code> to serve as a mount point for the partition.# Use the command <code>mount -t ext3 /dev/sda1 /mnt/harddisk</code> to attach the file system you just created in order to the Fedora Live issue Linux file system treecommands).# Copy Issue and record the files <code>/etc/passwd</code> commands used and <code>/var/log/messages</code> to the mounted partition. Can you do this with a single command?# Unmount output generated in each of the partition.following steps:'''

Answer # The name of the Investigation 5 question installation log file is <code>'''/root/install.log'''</code> -- It is an ASCII file (how can you be sure?) which can be viewed with the <code>'''less'''</code> command. # You can make use of this file to determine how many packages have been installed: complete the following command to count the number of packages that are labelled "Installing" in the installation log file::: <code>'''grep ________________ /root/install.log | wc -l'''</code><ol> <li value="3">Using the <code>rpm</code> command: you can also use the following commands to list all the installed packages, and the total number of packages installed:</li></ol>:: <code>'''rpm -q -a'''</code>:: <code>'''rpm -q -a | wc -l'''</code>:: <code>'''rpm -qa | wc -l'''</code><ol> <li value="4">The <code>'''-q'''</code> option means query, and the <code>'''-a'''</code> option means all (in other words, query all installed software packages). Did you get the same number of packages from the above two methods?</li> <li>Some of the files on your system were installed with the software packages, and some were created by system activity (for example, by creating your lab Learn account and by logging in). If you know the package name (from the <code>install.log book</code>), you can list all the files that were installed from the package by using the following command:</li></ol>:: <code>'''rpm -q -l package_name'''</code><br />(where '''package_name''' represents the name of the ''application'' or ''package'')<ol> <li value="6">This combines the <code>'''-q'''</code> (query) option with the <code>'''-l'''</code> (list filenames) option</li> <li>You can pipe the outupt through <code>'''wc -l'''</code> to count the number of lines:</li></ol>:: <code>'''rpm -ql package_name| wc -l'''</code><ol> <li value="8">Using what you learned in steps 3, 4, and 7, get a count of the total number of files installed by all of the software packages on your system.</li><li>To find out the name that you have assigned to your Linux system, enter the command: <code>'''hostname'''</code></li><li>To find out the kernel version of your GNU/Linux workstation and the date it was created, enter the command: <code>'''uname -rv'''</code></li><li>To find out all the system processes running on your GNU/Linux workstation, enter the command: <code>'''ps -ef'''</code></li><li>To capture the list of all the system processes to a file called <code>'''ps.lst'''</code>, enter the command: <code>'''ps -ef > ps.lst'''''</code></li></ol>

===Investigation 6 {{Admon/important|Pathname for USB Stick|The procedure has changed to refer to the usb device for distributions prior to Fedora17 (eg. /media/usb- How device-name). For Fedora17, the new device pathname is:<br /><b>/run/media/userloginid/usb-device-name</b> .<br /><br />Note: You can you save an image of a filesytem?===press the <b>tab</b> key to guess what the userloginname/usb-device-name is...}}

# Your <codeol>/dev/sda1</code> partition is formatted with an ext3 filesystem and contains 2 files. You can now create an li value="image13" of that device and duplicate it.# First create an image of >Copy the device using the following command: #*installation log file <code>dd if='''/devroot/sda1 of=sda1install.imglog'''</code># The image and the file you created is '''ps.lst''' to a byte by byte duplicate of the original device and all of its contents. You can even mount it USB memory key, or '''scp''' to your matrix account as a if it was a real partitionbackup. # Make a mount point called <code>/media/sda1-image</codeli> and mount the image file using the following command: #* <code>mount -o loop -t ext3 sda1.img /media/sda1-image</code>#* (The <codeol>-o loop</code> option is used to mount regular files as if they were real block storage devices.)# List the contents of the mount point. Are your files there?# Copy the file <code>/var/log/boot.log</code> to the mount point.# Unmount the image.

Answer {{Admon/tip |Backup up to your USB Key|When your USB key is inserted into your computer, the device is recognised and assigned a name. You can view your USB drive by issuing the command <code>ls /run/media/yourusername</code> and view the Investigation 6 question in mounted devices. Then you can issue a Linux command as "super-user" to copy the files to your USB device.}}<ol><li value="14">View the section below to learn about and perform an update on your fresh Fedora install (you may have to find spare time to perform this install if you are running short on lab logbooktime). '''Do <u>not</u> proceed to Investigation 3 without performing an update'''.</li></ol>

===Investigation 7 {{Admon/tip |Consider Remaining Lab Time Prior to Performing Upgrade|'''Carefully check the remaining time in your lab prior to performing an upgrade on the operating system'''. It can take 30 - How can restore/duplicate 90 minutes to perform an image of a filesystem?===upgrade...}}

Answer {{Admon/tip |Updating Fedora|The Fedora software is updated frequently to add features, fix bugs, and upgrade security. '''Perform a system update to get the Investigation 7 question latest versions of the packages installed in your lab logbookFedora: Start the Firefox web browser, turn off popup window blocking (select ''Edit>Preferences'', then select the Content tab and uncheck the box to Block Popups), then login to SeneNET. Open a terminal and type <code>su</code> to start a shell as root. Enter the command <code>yum update</code>''' This will download and install all of the packages that have been updated since the installation DVD image was created. If you complete this command at Seneca it should run quite fast as Seneca College hosts a Fedora Repository mirror (a copy of all of the current fedora packages, on a local web server).}}

==='''Answer the Investigation 8 - Accessing a compressed file system image===2 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''

# Download [https== Investigation 3://cs.senecac.on.ca/%7Efac/ops235/lab1-image.bin | lab1-image.bin] and copy that file to your mounted hard disk partition.# To determine the file type of the file <code>lab1-image.bin</code>, enter the command:#* <code>file lab1-image.bin</code># Record the output. What was the original name of the uncompressed file?# The <code>file</code> command in the previous step should also report that <code>lab1-image.bin</code> is a gzip compressed data file. # Use the <code>gunzip</code> command to uncompress the file.# You will probably receive an error message when you run the <code>gunzip</code> command. You may need to rename the file before you can uncompress it successfully. See the man pages for additional information if required.# After you have uncompressed the file rename it to the original name reported in step 3.# To determine the file type of the file <code>lab1-image.img</code>, enter the command:#* <code>file lab1-image.img</code># Record the output. What type of data does the file containnetwork configuration?# Mount the file system image. The command should be similar to what you used in investigation 6.# Copy the contents of the file system image to your desktop.# To display the specific information about the ext3 file system contained in the file <code>lab1-image.img</code>, enter the command:#* <code>dumpe2fs lab1-image.img</code># From the output, find out the volume name and the block count of the ext3 file system.==

Answer {{Admon/tip |Rusty Issuing Linux commands since ULI101?|To be an effective Linux administrator, you need to become comfortable on issuing Linux commands in a shell, and use resources to quickly learn how to properly formulate Linux commands...<br /><br />You can run the following online tutorials to practice (refresh) issuing Linux commands. These tutorials were designed for another course called "OPS435", but you can still use them for practice. Simply open a shell, SSH into the Matrix server (eg. ssh yourusername@matrix.senecac.on.ca) and run the following 4 tutorials (you can copy and paste these separate pathnames and run like a program):<br /><br />'''/home/ops435/tutorials/tutorial1<br />/home/ops435/tutorials/tutorial2<br />/home/ops435/tutorials/tutorial3<br />/home/ops435/tutorials/vi-tutorial'''<br /><br />You can also refer to the section above called '''Linux Command Online Reference''' to see how use use the following Linux commands to obtain the Investigation 8 question in your lab logbookrequired information.}}

===Investigation 9 - How # To check the network configuration settings obtained from the DHCP server, run the following commands, describing the output in your log book:#* '''ifconfig'''#* '''route'''#* '''nslookup''' (at the > prompt, enter the word "server" (do you create a file system not type the quotes) and record the output. Type exit to leave nslookup).<br /><br /># Find the following information in a regular file?===the output of the above commands:#* '''MAC address''' (physical or hardware address) of the ethernet network interface#* '''Subnet mask'''#* '''The IP address''' (logical address) assigned by the DHCP server#* '''The default route''' (gateway)#* '''The DNS nameserver'''

# Create an empty file that is exactly 3 MB in size using '''Answer the following command:#* <code>dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/fstest bs=1k count=3072</code># How does this command ensure that the file is Investigation 3 MB in size? # What is in the file at first?# Create an ext3 filesystem within the newly-created file <code>observations /tmp/fstest</code>.# Note the warning message/question that appears.# Mount the filesystem (remember to use the loopback option; refer to Investigation 8 if required). Use a mountpoint of your choosing.# Copy the files <code>/etc/services</code> and <code>/etc/protocols</code> to the filesystem mounted questions in the previous step.# Unmount the filesystem.# Test your filesystem to be sure that the files <code>/etc/services</code> and <code>/etc/protocols</code> were in fact copied into the filesystem within the file named <code>/tmp/fstest</code>.# How much space is left in that filesystem? (Hint: <code>df -h</code>)lab log book.'''

Answer the == Investigation 9 question in your lab logbook.4: SELinux ==

{{Admon/note important| Please take note! SELinux| A master boot record SELinux stands for '''Security-Enhanced Linux'''. It is a component that helps to better secure the system to protect against intrusion (MBRhackers). Usually, SELinux is enabled upon the 512-byte boot sector default install of Fedora. SELinux can be a good thing, if you take care of it and are aware that it is the first sector of a partitioned hard diskenabled or disabled. The MBR It is used for the following:* Holding a diskrecommended that you '''disable SELinux by default''s primary partition table.* Bootstrapping operating systems after the computer's BIOS passes execution to the MBR.* Uniquely identifying individual disk mediafor this course, since you will be communicating with a 32-bit disk signatureother virtual machines and can cause machines NOT to communicate.}}

# We can duplicate Disabling SELinux on Fedora is actually quite simple, just edit the first 512 bytes of a hard disk using the dd command:#* <code>dd if=file '''/devetc/sda of=mbr.bak bs=512 count=1<selinux/code># Use config''' and change the command following line to backup the MBR of your hard disk.look like this:# Under what circumstances do you think this will be useful?* SELINUX=disabled

Answer = Completing the Investigation 10 question in your lab logbook.Lab =

== Completing '''Check off the Lab ==following items before asking your instructor to check your lab:'''

# USB Formatted as ext3 ( ) # Volume Label is "LAB1" ( ) # USB Mounted '''Arrange evidence for each of these items on <code>/media/lab-one</code> ( ) # Following files on USB services, issueyour screen, networks ( ) # Instructor satisfied with complete then ask your instructor to review them and detailed sign off on the lab notes ( )'s completion:'''

== Preparing * Can login with your "learn" account name* Has the package count* Has correct size partitions for ::* '''root /''' (20GB), '''/home''' (30GB), '''swap''' (8GB):* '''/var/lib/libvirt/images''' (100GB):* Hint: Can issue '''lsblk''' (listblock command)* Has the correct IP address and MAC address* Find out the default route (gateway)* IP of the Quizzes ==DNS name server* Name and contact information on your disk pack* Lag Logbook (lab1) notes filled-in.

The online readings linked on the course web page contain some useful information about Free and Open Source Software. Use them and Internet searches to answer the following questions to help you prepare = Preparing for the quizzes:Quizzes =

# Who is Linus TorvaldsHow many packages were installed?# How many files (correct to the nearest hundred) were installed?# How many users were created automatically on your system (do not count your learn account)?# Name 3 open source software projects widely used todayWhat is your learn account's UID and GID?# What license agreement does GNU/Linux useis your learn account's home directory?# What are is the home directory for the 4 basic software freedoms that define user "Free Softwareroot"?# Who makes up How do you determine the Fedora Communityhost name of your GNU/Linux workstation?# Name 4 other significant Linux "Distros"What command can display the NIC's MAC address?