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→Standard File Descriptors
By default, three channels are opened automatically by the shell when a process is started. These are:
0 - Standard Input (stdin) - this is the default input channel for the program 1 - Standard Output (stdout) - this is the default output channel for the program, used to output "normal" messages 2 - Standard Error (stderr) - this is the default error channel for the program, used to output error messages
Without redirection, all three of these descriptors/handles are connected to the terminal. Therefore, the command will get input from the terminal, send output messages to the terminal, and send error messages to the terminal.
