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=== Developments in the first Multi-Core Processors ===
The death of single-core processors came at the time of the Pentium 4, when, as mentioned above, excessive heat and power consumption became an issue. At this point, multi-core processors such as the Pentium D were introduced. However, Pentium D was not considered a “true” multi-core processor as what is considered today by definition, due to its design of being two separate single-core dies placed beside each other in the same processor package.
The world's first true multi-core processor was called the POWER4, created in 2001 by IBM. It incorporated 2 physical cores on a single CPU die and implemented IBM's PowerPC 64-bit instruction set architecture (ISA). It was used in IBM's line of workstations, servers, and supercomputers at the time, namely the RS/6000 and AS/400 systems.
Since multicore systems offered a lot of extra processing power compared to In the early 2000's, the output progress of a single -core processordevelopment was starting to diminish. As mentioned above, they faced issues such as high power consumption, which also resulted in excessive heat. There were many companies were leaping at the opportunity to gain more running power for their hungry servers at , who wanted to lower the cost of operations from electricity and cooling. This is where IBM, a top company in the timeworkplace server market today, made a big name for themselves. To capitalize on this In 2001, IBM started development of was the first company to release a dual-core processor for UNIX systems on the market, which became available on the market was . They called it the IBM POWER4 in 2001. It became highly successful , and gave IBM a very strong foothold in the industry when sold was released as part of their eServer lineup as the pSeries server, the IBM Regatta. Regatta was able to put IBM in the spotlight for data centers and large enterprises and was advertised as having "twice the performance for half the cost". They iterated more on the POWER series of processors, and in 2010, expanded the number of cores available from 2 to 8 with the release of the POWER7.
→Multi-core products in the commercial market
[[File:Single v multi.png|thumb|right|620px|Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332614728/figure/fig5/AS:751235892269058@1556120002090/Memory-management-of-single-core-and-multi-core-systems.png]]
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== Usage of Parallel Computing and HPC ==
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== How multi Multi-core products were marketed in the commercial market ==
=== Multi -core in server systems ===
[[File:Ibmsystemsmag_POWERchart.jpg|thumb|none|The evolution of IBM POWER series processors <br/>Source: IBM systems magazine, October 2010, page 36]]
The invention and implementation of multicore multi-core was crucial to IBM’s success as we see today. During the development of the POWER4 in the mid 90s, IBM had a market share of 15 percent, with other companies such as Sun and HP taking a large percentage of the market. By 2010, with the release of multiple dualiterations of their multi-core iterationsproducts, they had become a leader in the market with a share of 45 percent.
“The analyst community told us it literally blew their socks off. In a very short time we went from last place to industry leader.” – Carrie Altieri, vice president of communications for IBM’s Systems Technology Group
=== Desktop multi core systems ===
While IBM was dominating the market for server CPUs, there was still a hole in the market for integrating multicore into desktop computers. In may of 20152005, AMD was the first company to release a dual-core desktop CPU, the Athlon 64 x2. With the cheapest in the line being $500 and the most powerful being $1000, It did not quite match IBM’s “twice the performance for half the cost”. However, they were the new product was still another large innovation in the industry by AMD, and a top competitor for the highest power CPU on the market.
== Domination of Two Semiconductor Giants Intel and AMD In Multi-core Processor Development ==
[[File:Ryzen_amd_multicoreprocessor.JPG]]
=== Multi-core Processor Processors Today ===
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Today, multicore processor makers including AMD and Intel have been continuously improving their processors to satisfy the high demand of consumers. As of today(November, 2020), Intel and AMD both made announcements to release newer version of its core brand; 11th Gen Intel Core processors with Intel Iris Xe graphics and Ryzen 5000 Series desktop processor lineup powered by the new “Zen 3” architecture respectively.
Currently in 2020 the global multi-core processors market has been significantly more competitive. Today’s market has been segmented into dual-core processors, quad-core processors, octa-core processors, and hexa-core processors. It’s apparent the increasing advancement in high-performance computing, graphics and visualization technologies is anticipated to boost the growth of the multi-core processor.
=== AMD vs Intel with OpneMP OpenMP ===
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Comparison of OpenMP performance using AMD and Intel multicore processors was conducted in Telcom University in 2018. This study simulated breaking waves by using Navier-Stokes equation which was parallelized with OpenMP. The below table shows the specifications of AMD and Intel multicore processors used to perform the comparison.
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Multi-Core Processors Market by Type, Growth and Analysis – 2025: MRFR. (n.d.). Retrieved December 03, 2020, from https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/multi-core-processors-market-8248
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