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:'''The concept of collaborating on-line is <u>not </u> new'''. Even the predecessor to the Internet (ARPAnet) was developed by the U.S. military in the 60's to make it harder for an adversary to eliminate all nuclear missile site, thus creating the MAD doctrine (Mutually Assured Destruction). In the 70s and 80s, there was a need for nuclear and rocket scientist to collaborate to advance nuclear missile research (since each department needed to see the "big picture" as opposed to only their particular contribution. It just happened to be that these scientists worked in research organizations, universities and colleges, allowing instructors and students to start using those tools such as e-mail, and web-browsers accessing the World Wide Web.