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Created page with "Category:ops535Category:rchan = Background Information = The following configuration may be used to set up the proper routes between private Virtual LAN Segments (VLS)..."
[[Category:ops535]][[Category:rchan]]
= Background Information =
The following configuration may be used to set up the proper routes between private Virtual LAN Segments (VLS) in OPS535 Virtual Lab on CentOS 8.x virtual machines. The custom routes added to the gateway VM (VM1), and their corresponding VMs (VM2 to VM4) in their private VLS will enable VMs in each private VLS to communicate with VMs in the other private VLS.
= Virtual LAN Segment setting =
Consider three VLSs (one for each student) where there are 3 gateways, one for each VLS in the OPS535 virtual lab:
== VLS 1 ==
VLS network: 192.168.1.0/24
Gateway (Host) IPs:
Internal (ens224): 192.168.1.1
External (ens192): 172.20.1.1
VMs IPs:
* VM2: 192.168.1.2
* VM3: 192.168.1.3
* VM4: 192.168.1.4
Default gateway on each VM2: 172.20.255.1
Gateway to the 192.168.0.0/16 network: 192.168.1.1
== VLS 2 ==
VLS network: 192.168.2.0/24
Gateway (Host) IPs:
Internal (ens224): 192.168.2.1
External (ens192): 172.20.2.1
VMs IPs:
* VM2: 192.168.2.2
* VM3: 192.168.2.3
* VM4: 192.168.2.4
Default gateway on each VM2: 172.20.255.1
Gateway to the 192.168.0.0/16 network: 192.168.2.1
== VLS 3 ==
VLS network: 192.168.3.0/24
Gateway (Host) IPs:
Internal (ens224): 192.168.3.1
External (ens192): 172.20.3.1
VMs IPs:
* VM2: 192.168.3.2
* VM3: 192.168.3.3
* VM4: 192.168.3.4
Default gateway on each VM2: 172.20.255.1
Gateway to the 192.168.0.0/16 network: 192.168.3.1
== Manually configure routes on the gateways to reach VMs in other virtual ==
On VLS 1's gateway (192.168.1.1 or 172.20.1.1):
Using nmcli:
* nmcli con modify ens192 +ipv4.routes "192.168.2.0/24 172.20.2.1 100"
* nmcli con modify ens192 +ipv4.routes "192.168.3.0/24 172.20.3.1 100"
* nmcli con down ens192
* nmcli con up ens192
Check to make sure that your kernel routing table has the proper entries.
* ip route show
Use netstat -rn or route -n to display the routing table on each gateway to verify the routes.
== Manually Configure routes on each VM in each virtual network ==
On Virtual Network 1's VM (192.168.1.2 .. 192.168.1.254)
* route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.1
* route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.1
On Virtual Network 2's VM (192.168.2.2 .. 192.168.1.254)
* route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.2.1
* route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.2.1
On Virtual Network 3's VM (192.168.3.2 .. 192.168.3.254)
* route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.3.1
* route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.3.1
= Automate the process using BASH script =
The above example shows that 12 route commands will be needed to create the necessary routes just for 3 virtual networks, each with a gateway and one VM. It will be difficult to manage all the routes if the number of virtual networks is much greater. The following script will be more practical if your need to set up all the necessary routes for a large number of virtual networks. Both script use the shell environment variables "MY_NETWORK_NO" and "OTHER_NETWORKS" to allow customization for different values of private network address.
== Shell Script for adding the proper routes on your gateway to other's private network ==
* set the shell variable MY_NETWORK_NO to your assigned network ID (we use 99 here is an example, please change 99 to your assigned network ID)
<pre>
export MY_NETWORK_NO=99
</pre>
* set the shell variable OTHER_NETWORKS to the list of private network you want to create a route. The following example assign the list of network numbers 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, and 99 that you want to create a route on your gateway:
<pre>
export OTHER_NETWORKS="32 33 34 35 40 41 99"
</pre>
The following Bash script to add 7 new route to your gateway host's routing table:
<pre>
#! /bin/bash
if [ -z "$MY_NETWORK_NO" ]
then
echo "Please run the following command to assign your network number" >&2
echo "to the shell varible MY_NETWORK_NO and run this script again." >&2
echo "Please replace xx with your actual network number." >&2
echo " export MY_NETWORK_NO=xx" >&2
exit 1
fi
X=${MY_NETWORK_NO}
echo "Your Network Number is $X"
if [ -z "$OTHER_NETWORKS" ]
then
echo "Please run the following command to assign the list of " >&2
echo "private networks you want to add a route on your gateway " >&2
echo "to the shell variable OTHER_NETWORKS and run this script again." >&2
echo "The following command assign 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, and 99" >&2
echo "to the variable OTHER_NETWORKS. Please replace those number" >&2
echo "with the ones you actually wanted." >&2
echo " export OTHER_NETWORKS=\"32 33 34 35 40 41 99\"" >&2
exit 2
fi
Y=${OTHER_NETWORKS}
echo "Route to be add for the network number(s) $Y"
echo -n "Press ENTER to continue ... "
read dummy
# Add new route
for y in $Y
do
if [ "$X" -ne "$y" ]
then
route add -net 192.168.${y}.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.${y}.1
echo "Adding route to 192.168.${y}.0 network."
fi
done
# enable IP forwarding on the gateway
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
</pre>
== Shell Script for adding the proper routes on your VM (all Linux VMs) to other's private network ==
* set the shell variable MY_NETWORK_NO to your assigned network ID (we use 99 here is an example, please change 99 to your assigned network ID)
<pre>
export MY_NETWORK_NO=99
</pre>
* set the shell variable OTHER_NETWORKS to the list of private network you want to create a route. The following example assign the list of network numbers 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, and 99 that you want to create a route on your gateway:
<pre>
export OTHER_NETWORKS="32 33 34 35 40 41 99"
</pre>
The following Bash script to add 7 new route to your VM's routing table:
<pre>
#! /bin/bash
if [ -z "$MY_NETWORK_NO" ]
then
echo "Please run the following command to assign your network number" >&2
echo "to the shell varible MY_NETWORK_NO and run this script again." >&2
echo "Please replace xx with your actual network number." >&2
echo " export MY_NETWORK_NO=xx" >&2
exit 1
fi
X=${MY_NETWORK_NO}
echo "Your Network Number is $X"
if [ -z "$OTHER_NETWORKS" ]
then
echo "Please run the following command to assign the list of " >&2
echo "private networks you want to add a route on your gateway " >&2
echo "to the shell variable OTHER_NETWORKS and run this script again." >&2
echo "The following command assign 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, and 99" >&2
echo "to the variable OTHER_NETWORKS. Please replace those number" >&2
echo "with the ones you actually wanted." >&2
echo " export OTHER_NETWORKS=\"32 33 34 35 40 41 99\"" >&2
exit 2
fi
Y=${OTHER_NETWORKS}
echo "Route to be add for the network number(s) $Y"
echo -n "Press ENTER to continue ... "
read dummy
# Add new route
for y in $Y
do
if [ "$X" -ne "$y" ]
then
route add -net 192.168.${y}.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.${X}.1
echo "Adding route to 192.168.${y}.0 network via 192.168.${X}.1"
fi
done
# Add route to the 172.16.0.0 network
route add -net 172.16.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.${X}.1
</pre>
= Background Information =
The following configuration may be used to set up the proper routes between private Virtual LAN Segments (VLS) in OPS535 Virtual Lab on CentOS 8.x virtual machines. The custom routes added to the gateway VM (VM1), and their corresponding VMs (VM2 to VM4) in their private VLS will enable VMs in each private VLS to communicate with VMs in the other private VLS.
= Virtual LAN Segment setting =
Consider three VLSs (one for each student) where there are 3 gateways, one for each VLS in the OPS535 virtual lab:
== VLS 1 ==
VLS network: 192.168.1.0/24
Gateway (Host) IPs:
Internal (ens224): 192.168.1.1
External (ens192): 172.20.1.1
VMs IPs:
* VM2: 192.168.1.2
* VM3: 192.168.1.3
* VM4: 192.168.1.4
Default gateway on each VM2: 172.20.255.1
Gateway to the 192.168.0.0/16 network: 192.168.1.1
== VLS 2 ==
VLS network: 192.168.2.0/24
Gateway (Host) IPs:
Internal (ens224): 192.168.2.1
External (ens192): 172.20.2.1
VMs IPs:
* VM2: 192.168.2.2
* VM3: 192.168.2.3
* VM4: 192.168.2.4
Default gateway on each VM2: 172.20.255.1
Gateway to the 192.168.0.0/16 network: 192.168.2.1
== VLS 3 ==
VLS network: 192.168.3.0/24
Gateway (Host) IPs:
Internal (ens224): 192.168.3.1
External (ens192): 172.20.3.1
VMs IPs:
* VM2: 192.168.3.2
* VM3: 192.168.3.3
* VM4: 192.168.3.4
Default gateway on each VM2: 172.20.255.1
Gateway to the 192.168.0.0/16 network: 192.168.3.1
== Manually configure routes on the gateways to reach VMs in other virtual ==
On VLS 1's gateway (192.168.1.1 or 172.20.1.1):
Using nmcli:
* nmcli con modify ens192 +ipv4.routes "192.168.2.0/24 172.20.2.1 100"
* nmcli con modify ens192 +ipv4.routes "192.168.3.0/24 172.20.3.1 100"
* nmcli con down ens192
* nmcli con up ens192
Check to make sure that your kernel routing table has the proper entries.
* ip route show
Use netstat -rn or route -n to display the routing table on each gateway to verify the routes.
== Manually Configure routes on each VM in each virtual network ==
On Virtual Network 1's VM (192.168.1.2 .. 192.168.1.254)
* route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.1
* route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.1
On Virtual Network 2's VM (192.168.2.2 .. 192.168.1.254)
* route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.2.1
* route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.2.1
On Virtual Network 3's VM (192.168.3.2 .. 192.168.3.254)
* route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.3.1
* route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.3.1
= Automate the process using BASH script =
The above example shows that 12 route commands will be needed to create the necessary routes just for 3 virtual networks, each with a gateway and one VM. It will be difficult to manage all the routes if the number of virtual networks is much greater. The following script will be more practical if your need to set up all the necessary routes for a large number of virtual networks. Both script use the shell environment variables "MY_NETWORK_NO" and "OTHER_NETWORKS" to allow customization for different values of private network address.
== Shell Script for adding the proper routes on your gateway to other's private network ==
* set the shell variable MY_NETWORK_NO to your assigned network ID (we use 99 here is an example, please change 99 to your assigned network ID)
<pre>
export MY_NETWORK_NO=99
</pre>
* set the shell variable OTHER_NETWORKS to the list of private network you want to create a route. The following example assign the list of network numbers 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, and 99 that you want to create a route on your gateway:
<pre>
export OTHER_NETWORKS="32 33 34 35 40 41 99"
</pre>
The following Bash script to add 7 new route to your gateway host's routing table:
<pre>
#! /bin/bash
if [ -z "$MY_NETWORK_NO" ]
then
echo "Please run the following command to assign your network number" >&2
echo "to the shell varible MY_NETWORK_NO and run this script again." >&2
echo "Please replace xx with your actual network number." >&2
echo " export MY_NETWORK_NO=xx" >&2
exit 1
fi
X=${MY_NETWORK_NO}
echo "Your Network Number is $X"
if [ -z "$OTHER_NETWORKS" ]
then
echo "Please run the following command to assign the list of " >&2
echo "private networks you want to add a route on your gateway " >&2
echo "to the shell variable OTHER_NETWORKS and run this script again." >&2
echo "The following command assign 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, and 99" >&2
echo "to the variable OTHER_NETWORKS. Please replace those number" >&2
echo "with the ones you actually wanted." >&2
echo " export OTHER_NETWORKS=\"32 33 34 35 40 41 99\"" >&2
exit 2
fi
Y=${OTHER_NETWORKS}
echo "Route to be add for the network number(s) $Y"
echo -n "Press ENTER to continue ... "
read dummy
# Add new route
for y in $Y
do
if [ "$X" -ne "$y" ]
then
route add -net 192.168.${y}.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.${y}.1
echo "Adding route to 192.168.${y}.0 network."
fi
done
# enable IP forwarding on the gateway
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
</pre>
== Shell Script for adding the proper routes on your VM (all Linux VMs) to other's private network ==
* set the shell variable MY_NETWORK_NO to your assigned network ID (we use 99 here is an example, please change 99 to your assigned network ID)
<pre>
export MY_NETWORK_NO=99
</pre>
* set the shell variable OTHER_NETWORKS to the list of private network you want to create a route. The following example assign the list of network numbers 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, and 99 that you want to create a route on your gateway:
<pre>
export OTHER_NETWORKS="32 33 34 35 40 41 99"
</pre>
The following Bash script to add 7 new route to your VM's routing table:
<pre>
#! /bin/bash
if [ -z "$MY_NETWORK_NO" ]
then
echo "Please run the following command to assign your network number" >&2
echo "to the shell varible MY_NETWORK_NO and run this script again." >&2
echo "Please replace xx with your actual network number." >&2
echo " export MY_NETWORK_NO=xx" >&2
exit 1
fi
X=${MY_NETWORK_NO}
echo "Your Network Number is $X"
if [ -z "$OTHER_NETWORKS" ]
then
echo "Please run the following command to assign the list of " >&2
echo "private networks you want to add a route on your gateway " >&2
echo "to the shell variable OTHER_NETWORKS and run this script again." >&2
echo "The following command assign 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, and 99" >&2
echo "to the variable OTHER_NETWORKS. Please replace those number" >&2
echo "with the ones you actually wanted." >&2
echo " export OTHER_NETWORKS=\"32 33 34 35 40 41 99\"" >&2
exit 2
fi
Y=${OTHER_NETWORKS}
echo "Route to be add for the network number(s) $Y"
echo -n "Press ENTER to continue ... "
read dummy
# Add new route
for y in $Y
do
if [ "$X" -ne "$y" ]
then
route add -net 192.168.${y}.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.${X}.1
echo "Adding route to 192.168.${y}.0 network via 192.168.${X}.1"
fi
done
# Add route to the 172.16.0.0 network
route add -net 172.16.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.${X}.1
</pre>
