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{{Admon/caution|DO NOT USE THIS VERSION OF THE LAB. This page will no longer be updated.|'''New version here:''' https://seneca-ictoer.github.io/ULI101/A-Tutorials/tutorial6<br />'''Andrew's students please go here:''' http://wiki.littlesvr.ca/wiki/OPS145_Lab_6}}
=TRANSFERRING FILES BETWEEN COMPUTERS=
<br>
:* Securely '''transfer''' copies of files between Unix/Linux servers using the '''sftp''' command
:* Use the '''ssh''' command to run and display Linux view commands from on a '''remote computerscomputer''' on from a '''local computer'''. :* Use the '''mail''' command to send email messages to your Seneca email account
:* Use the '''mail''' command to send email with '''file attachments''' to your Seneca email account
|- valign="top" style="padding-left:15px;"
|colspan="2" |Course Notes'''Slides:'''<ul><li>Week 6 Lecture 1 Notes:<br>[https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101slides/ULI101-Week66.1.pdf PDF] | [https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101slides/ULI101-Week66.1.pptx PPTX]</li></ul>
| style="padding-left:15px;" |'''Definitions:'''
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_copy Secure Copy]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol Secure File Transfer Protocol]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_(Unix) Email]<br><br>
| style="padding-left:15px;"|'''File Transfer Commands:'''
* [http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/scp.1.html scp]
* [http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/sftp.1.html sftp]
* [https://man.openbsd.org/mail mail]
|colspan="1" style="padding-left:15px;" width="30%"|'''Instructional Videos:'''<ul><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBvxbuhDKBw Using scp Command]</li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcKYFEgfV-I Using sftp Command]</li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iuf_mLrvh2o Using the mail Command]</li></ul>
|}
= KEY CONCEPTS =
The '''ssh''' Linux command is a '''suite of tools''' to allow the user to issue Linux commandssecurely between <br>securely between Unix / Linux servers, as well as securely '''copy''' and '''transfer''' files among Unix/Linux servers.
In this tutorial, you will learn several different methods to securely transfer files from your Matrix Linux account<br>to other computers using Linux commands including '''scp''', '''sftp''' and '''mail'''.
===Issuing Commands on Remote Unix/Linux Servers===
[[Image:ssh-remote.png|thumb|right|350px|The '''ssh''' command can be used to <u>run</u> and <u>view</u> commands on '''remote computer''' from a '''local computer'''.
]]
You can use the '''ssh''' command to issue Unix/Linux commands on a '''remote''' server<br>from your <u>local</u> computer without logging into a remote server (such as Matrix).
''ExampleCommand Usage:''
<span style="font-family:courier">'''ssh username@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls-l'''</span>
You will be prompted for your Matrix account password, then the contents of your home directory<Br>in your remote Matrix account will be displayed, although you will remain on your <u>local </u> computer's terminal.
<br><br>
===Secure Copy (scp)===
[[Image:scp-diagram.png|thumb|right|450px350px|The '''scp''' Unix/Linux command is used to securely copy files between Unix/Linux servers.]]''Secure copy protocol (The '''scp''') command is a means of used to <u>securely transferring computer </u> copy files between a your '''local host ''' computer and a '''remote host or between two remote hosts''' Unix/Linux server. It The usage for the ''scp'' command is based on similar to the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol. "SCP" commonly refers to both '''cp''' command with the Secure Copy Protocol addition of '''user name''' and the program itself.'' Reference: https://en.wikipedia'host name'''.org/wiki/Secure_copy
''Command Usage:''
<span style="font-family:courier">'''scp local.file username@host:destination-pathname'''<br>'''scp local.file username@host:'''<br>'''scp user@host:file-pathname local-pathname'''<br><br></span>
The most common '''mistake''' that students make is forgetting to add<br>the '''colon''' character ":" <u>after</u> the remote hostname.
The user name in the command can be '''omitted''' if it's the same as on the <u>local </u> host. <br>Multiple file and recursive directory copy (i.e. option '''-Rr''') is supported.
<br><br>
[[Image:sftp-diagram.png|thumb|right|350px|The '''sftp''' Unix/Linux command is used to securely transfer (copy) files between Unix/Linux servers.]]
'''<span style="font-family:courier">sftp username@hostname</span>'''
When you login via the ''sftp'' command, the '''sftp prompt''' appears. The sftp prompt is like a Bash shell prompt, but with a limited number of commands. When issuing sftp commands, the local server relates to the server where you first issued the sftp command. Refer to the diagram on the right for <u>local</u> and <u>remote</u> ''sftp'' commands.
[[Image:graphical-sftp-application.png|thumb|right|250px|'''Graphical''' SFTP application.]]
'''<big>Graphical SFTP Applications</big>'''
Although it is important to learn know how to use the '''sftp''' command-line sftp and is considered coverage<br>for ''quizzes'', ''midterm '' and ''final exam'', <br>there are '''graphical sftp applications''' that provide an alternative to issuing commands.
If you installed the graphical '''Secure Shell Client''' application in your Windows computer from performing [https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#CONNECTING_TO_YOUR_MATRIX_ACCOUNT_FROM_A_GRAPHICAL_WINDOWS_APPLICATION TUTORIAL 1 INVESTIGATION 1],<br>you can run a graphical use this application from to transfer files between your computer desktopand your Matrix account by graphically '''navigating''', '''selecting''' and '''dragging''' files between computers.<br><br>
===Sending Emails with File Attachment (mail)===
You can use the '''<span style="font-weight:bold;">mail''' command in Matrix to send email messages</spanbr> is a command-line to other email client for Unix and Unix-like operating systemsaccounts via the Internet.''
[[Image:mail-diagram.png|thumb|right|250px400px|The Using the '''mail''' command allows users with '''redirection''' to send and receive email messages. (Image licensed under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3<br>with file attachment.0/ cc])]]
'''Sending a Simple Email Message:'''
:#Type: '''<span style="font-family:courier;">mail username@hostname''' and press '''ENTER''' </span><br>
:#Enter '''subject line''' and press '''ENTER'''<br>
:#Type the '''body of the message''' and then when finished, <br>press <span style="font-family:courier">'''ctrl+d'''</span> to send message<br><br>
'''Sending an Email Message with a File Attachment:'''
[[Image:mail-diagram-2.png|thumb|right|275px|Viewing email with file attachment in<br>'''Seneca email account'''.]]
:#Type: '''<span style="font-family:courier;">mail username@hostname -a filepathname</span>''' and press '''ENTER''' <br>
:#Enter '''subject line''' and press '''ENTER'''<br>
'''Alternative Method of Sending an Email Message with a File Attachment:'''
:#Type: '''<span style="font-family:courier;">mail -s "your subject line" username@hostname < filenamepathnamefilepathname</span>'''
:#Press '''ENTER''' to send<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You would have to use this method since you have used '''stdin''' redirection<br>to attach the file’s so you can’t input the subject line from the terminal!<br><br>
=INVESTIGATION 1: TRANSFERRING FILES BETWEEN COMPUTERS FILE TRANSFER (SECURE COPY)= <span style="color:red;">'''ATTENTION''': This online tutorial will be required to be completed by '''Friday in week 8 by midnight''' to obtain a grade of '''2%''' towards this course</span><br><br>
[[Image:cmd.png|thumb|right|350px|Make certain to '''open a command-line terminal''' and<br><u>'''NOT'''</u> a graphic SSH application for this tutorial!.]]
The '''SSH''' package on your ''home computer'' and on the ''Matrix Linux server'' <br>contain a '''suite''' (i.e. collection) of secure utilities including '''ssh''' and '''scp'''.
In this sectioninvestigation, you will learn how to use the '''scp''' command to '''securely copy files ''' between your computer and your Matrix Linux server. This methods is useful because it can be performed in the ''MS-Windows'', ''MacOSx'', and ''Unix/Linux'' operating systems.<br><br>You will also learn how to issue the '''ssh''' command to run a command commands on your<br><u>'''remote'''</u> Matrix server while remaining on your <u>'''local'''</u> computer.
</td>
</tr>
</table><br><br><ol><li value="3">After logging into your Matrix account, issue the following Linux '''NOTE:''' Make certain to open a '''command to create the following directory:<br>-line terminal''' and <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"u>mkdir ~/remoteNOT</spanu>a <br><bru>graphical</liu><li>Change to the <b>~/remote</b> directory and confirm that you have changed to that directorySSH application for this tutorial.<br><br></li><li>Use a text editor After logging into your Matrix account, issue to the '''pwd''' command to create a text file called confirm you are in your home directory.<b>myfile.txt</b><brbr><br></li><li>Enter Issue the following Linux command to create the following two lines displayed below in your editing sessiondirectory:<br><span style="color:blue;font-familyweight:courierbold;font-weightfamily:boldcourier;">This is my file<br>It is a small filemkdir ~/remote</span><br><br></li><li>Change to the <b>Save~/remote</b> editing changes directory and confirm that you have changed to your ''myfile.txt'' file and exit your text editorthat directory.<br><br></li><li>Let's run Use a text editor to create a text file called <b>shell scriptmyfile.txt</b> to check that you created the correct directories<br>and that you created the <bbr></li>myfile.txt</bli> file (with correct file contents) Enter the following two lines displayed below in the your editing session:<bbr>~/from<span style="font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">This is my file<br>It is a small file</bspan> directory<br>before using the <br></li><li><b>Save</b> editing changes to your ''scpmyfile.txt'' Linux commandfile and exit your text editor.<br><br></li></li>Enter the following command: Let's run a <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"b>bash shell script</home/murray.saul/scripts/week6-b> to check-1that you created the <b>remote</spanb>directory<br>and that you created the <brb>myfile.txt</lib><lifile (with correct file contents) in that directory.<br>If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive<br>a congratulations message, and proceed to </li></li>Enter the next step.following command: <br><br><b>NOTEspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">~uli101/week6-check-1</b> We will now learn to transfer files between your <b/span><ubr>local</ubr> home computer</bli> and your <bli>If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive<ubr>remote</u> Matrix Linux servera congratulations message, and proceed to the next step.</bbr>.<br><brb>NOTE:</lib> We will now learn to transfer files between your <b><liu>local</u> home computer</b> and your <b><u>remote</u>'''Exit your Matrix ssh session'''Linux server</b>.<br><br><span style="color:blue;"/li></ol>'''ATTENTION[[Image:''' cmd.png|thumb|right|350px|You are required to <u>'''remain'''</u> in your '''local''' computer's command terminal<br>for the remainder of this ''INVESTIGATION'' and ''INVESTIGATION 2''.]]</spanol><brli value="12">'''Exit your Matrix ssh session''' but '''<bru>remain</liu><li''' in the ''command terminal''<br>The on your '''local''' computer..<bbr>mkdir</bbr> command works with <i>MS Windows/UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers</ispan style="color:blue;">.'''ATTENTION:''' You are required to <bru>Issue the following command on your '''remain'''</u>in your '''local</u> ''' computer to create a directory called <b>local's command terminal for the remainder of this ''INVESTIGATION'' and ''INVESTIGATION 2''.</span><br><br></li><li>The <b>: mkdir<span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;"/b>mkdir localcommand works with <i>MS Windows/UNIX/span><br><br></li><li>The <b>cd</b> command works with <i>MS Windows/UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers</i>.<br>Issue the following command on your <u>local</u> computer to change to the <bbr>localcreate a directory called <b>local</b> directory: <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">cd mkdir local</span><br><br></li><li>If you are using The <b>cd</b> command works with <i>MS Windows on your local computer, issue the /UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers<span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"/i>dir.</spanbr> Issue the following command on your <u>local</u> computer to confirm you are<br>in change to the ''<b>local'' </b> directory; otherwise, use the : <span style="color:blue;font-weightfamily:boldcourier;font-familyweight:courierbold;">ls -ldcd local</span> command.<br><br></li> <li>If you are in using MS Windowson your local computer, open issue the <span style="color:blue;font-familyweight:courierbold;font-weightfamily:boldcourier;">NotePaddir</span> application command to create a text file.confirm you are<br><br><b>NOTE:</b> if you in the ''local computer is using MacOSx or Linux'' directory; otherwise, then use the <b>nano</bspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"> or <b>vipwd</bspan> text editorcommand.<br><br></li><li>Enter a few lines of textIf you are in MS Windows, and if using open the '''NotepadGRAPHICAL''', then click on the <b>File</b> menu and select <b>save as</b><br>(save as the filename <span style="colorspan style="color:blue;font-family:bluecourier;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">other.txtNotePad</span> in your application to create a text file<span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"br>local(Otherwise, use the </spanb> directory) and then nano</b>exitor </b> the <i>Notepadvi</ib> text editor).<br><br></li><li>Enter a few lines of text, and if using '''NOTE:Notepad''' if using another text editor, save your editing session and exit then click on the text editor.<brb>File</b>menu and select <brb>save as</lib><libr>If your OS is MS Windows issue (save as the filename <span style="color:blue;font-familyweight:courierbold;font-weightfamily:boldcourier;">dirother.txt</span> Windows command to view the contents of in your current directory<br>(otherwise, issue the <span stylespan style="color:blue;font-familyweight:courierbold;font-weightfamily:boldcourier;">lslocal</span> command for other operating systemsdirectory).and then <brb>exit<br/b>We will use the '''scp''' command to copy the <ui>Notepad</i> text editor.<br>local</ubr> file called '''other.txtNOTE:''' to if using another text editor, save your home directory on your <u>remote</u> Matrix Linux serverediting session and exit the text editor.<br><br></li><li>Issue If your OS is MS Windows issue the following Linux command to copy the <b<span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">other.txtdir</bspan> file from Windows command to view the contents of your local machine to your remote Matrix servercurrent directory<br>(replace yoursenecaid is otherwise, issue the <u>YOUR</u> Seneca ID and '''ADD A COLON span style="color:blue;font-family: TO THE END OF THE COMMAND'''):<br><span style="color:bluecourier;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"">scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:ls</span>command for other operating systems).<br><br></li><liWe will use the '''scp''' command to copy the <u>local</u>When prompted, enter your Matrix file called '''passwordother.txt'''.to your home directory on your <u>remote</u> Matrix Linux server.<br>[[Image:scp-diagram-2.png|thumb|right|350px|You can issue <br></li><li>Issue the following Linux command to copy the ssh command, followed by a '''command''' that will be run on <b>other.txt</b> file from your local machine to your '''remote''' computer,Matrix server<br>but (replace yoursenecaid is <u>displayYOUR</u> command output on your Seneca ID and '''local'ADD A COLON : TO THE END OF THE COMMAND'' computer.]]'):<br><b>TIPspan style="color:blue;font-weight:</b> You can issue the ssh command, followed by a command that will be run on your remote computer, but display on your local computer <bbold;font-family:courier;"><u>withoutscp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:</uspan></b> having to establish a continuous connection to your remote Matrix server.<br><br></li><li>Issue the following command (using When prompted, enter your matrix username):Matrix '''password'''.<br><span style="color[[Image:blue;fontscp-weight:bold;fontdiagram-family:courier;">2.png|thumb|right|350px|You can issue the ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l other.txt</span><br><br></li><li>When prompted, command, followed by a '''enter your passwordcommand''' and press that will be run on your '''ENTERremote'''.computer,<br>but <u>display</u> command output on your '''local''' computer.]]<br>Do you see detailed information regarding the file called <b>other.txtTIP:</b>?<br>That You can issue the ssh command, followed by a command was that will be run remotely on your Matrix server as confirmation that you securely copied that file remote computer, but display on your local computer <b><u>without</u></b> having to establish a continuous connection to the home directory of the your remote Matrix server.<br><br>Let's copy </li><li>Issue the file called '''myfile.txt''' in the '''~/remote''' directory that you created earlier in your Matrix account to following command (using your <b>local</b> directory on your home computer.matrix username):<br><br></lispan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l other.txt</span><br><br></li>Issue the following Linux command (replace yoursenecaid is <uli>YOURWhen prompted, '''enter your password''' and press '''ENTER'''.</ubr> Seneca ID).<<br> The period "." as second argument represents your Do you see detailed information <ub>currentother.txt</ub> directory: localfile? (look at bottom):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp yoursenecaid@matrixThat command was run remotely on your Matrix server as confirmation that you securely copied that file to the home directory of the Matrix server.senecacollege.ca:remote/myfile.txt .</span><br><br>Let's copy the file called '''myfile.txt''' in the '''~/remote''' directory that you created earlier in your Matrix account to your </li><lib>Issue the local<span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"/b>dirdirectory on your home computer.</spanbr> or <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"br>ls</spanli><li> Issue the following Linux command (depending on the OS of your replace yoursenecaid is <u>localYOUR</u> computerSeneca ID) to confirmed your properly copied that file from Matrix.<br><br></li><li>Use the The period "." as '''Notepadsecond argument''' application (or vi for other OS types) to create a text file called represents your <u>current</u> directory<span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"br>on your <u>mytextfile.txtlocal</spanu>computer):<br>and save in the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">local</spanscp yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote/myfile.txt .</span> directory of your computer.<br><br></li><li>Issue the following Linux command to copy the <b>mytextfile.txtspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">dir</bspan> file from your local machine to your remote Matrix serveror <br>(replace yoursenecaid is span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ls</span> command (depending on the OS of your <u>YOURlocal</u> Seneca ID and DO computer) to confirmed your properly copied that file from Matrix.<br><ubr>NOT</uli><li> INCLUDE THE : at Use the end of the command so see what happens'''Notepad''' application (or vi for other OS types):<br>to create a text file called <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp mytextfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span>,<br>type some text and then save in the <brspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">local</span>Did you notice anything different (idirectory of your computer.e. no password)?<br><br></li><li>Issue the following command (using your matrix username):<brb>dir<span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"/b> or <b>ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l mytextfile.txt</span><brb>command (depending on your OS) to confirm that your newly-created file exists in your <brb>local</lib><li>When prompted, enter your password and press ENTERdirectory.<br><br><b/li>The file does NOT appear. That is because the COLON was NOT added to the end of the command!</bli>We are going to intentionally make a '''<bru>mistake<b/u>Therefore, you MUST remember to include ''' with the COLON : at the end of the hostname,'''scp''' command.<br>or it will NOT properly remotely copy Issue the file!following Linux command to copy the <b>mytextfile.txt</b>file from your local machine to your remote Matrix server<br>(replace yoursenecaid is <bru>YOUR</liu>Seneca ID and DO <liu>NOT</u>Issue INCLUDE THE : at the end of the following command to copy that same file to the ~/remote directory in Matrixso see what happens):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp othermytextfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote</span><br><br>Did you notice anything different (i.e. no password)?<br><br></li><li>Issue the following command to confirm that it was remotely copied to (using your '''~/remote''' directory in Matrix:matrix username):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l /home/yoursenecaid/remotemytextfile.txt</span><br><br>Do you see the output for the detailed file listing of <b/li>output.txt</bli>?When prompted, enter your password and press ENTER.<br>What does this indicate?<br><brb><li>Issue the following command to copy The file mytextfile.txt does NOT appear in your home directory on your Matrix server!<br>Note that the '''other.txt''' file COLON was NOT added to the ~/remote directory in Matrix renaming it is '''different.txt''':<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp end of the command! Therefore, you MUST<br>remember to include the COLON : at the end of the hostname, or it will NOT remotely copy the file!</b><br><br></li><li>Issue the following command to properly copy that same file to your Matrix server:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp mytextfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:</span><br><br></li><li>Issue the following command to confirm that it was remotely copied to your <b>home</b> directory in Matrix:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l /home/yoursenecaid/mytextfile.txt</span><br><br>Do you see the output for the detailed file listing of <b>mytextfile.txt</b>?<br>What does this indicate?<br><br><li>Issue the following command to copy the '''other.txt''' file on your local computer to the '''~/remote''' directory in Matrix renaming it as '''different.txt''':<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote/different.txt</span><br><br></li><li>Issue the following command to confirm that the file was remotely copied to your '''~/remote''' directory in Matrix with a different filename:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l /home/yoursenecaid/remote/different.txt</span><br><br>What does Were you able to properly copy this indicatefile?<br><br>Let's issue a checking script remotely to see that you properly copied that file from your<br>local computer to your remote Linux server to both your <b>home</b> directory and <b>~/remote</b> directory.<br><br></li><li>Issue the following:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~uli101/week6-check-2</span><br><br>If you encounter errors, re-run the scp commands to correct and re-run the above command until you receive a congratulations message.<br><br></li><li>Remain in the terminal on your <u>local </u> computer for the and proceed to ''INVESTIGATION 2''.<br><br></ol>
:In the next investigation, you will use the '''sftp''' Linux command to transfer (i.e. copy) files between serversyour local computer and the Matrix server.<br><br>
<!-- RESIDUAL FROM LESS EFFECTIVE METHOD OF COPYING FILES BETWEEN SERVERS
# '''Save''' editing changes to this startup file and exit your text editor.<br><br> -->
=INVESTIGATION 2: TRANSFERRING FILES BETWEEN COMPUTERS FILE TRANSFER (SECURE FTP) =[[Image:cmd.png|thumb|right|250px|Make certain to remain in the command-line terminal in your local computer.<br>Do '''<u>NOT</u>''' use a graphical SSH Application.]]The '''SSH''' package on your ''home computer'' and on the ''Matrix Linux server'' <br>contain a '''suite'''<br>(i.e. collection) of secure utilities including '''ssh''' and '''sftp'''. In this investigation, you will learn how to use the '''sftp''' command to '''transfer''' files between<br>Unix/Linux servers. This methods is useful because it can be performed in the<br>''MS-Windows'', ''MacOSx'', and ''Unix/Linux'' operating systems.<br><br>You will also learn how to issue the '''ssh''' command to run commands on your<br><u>'''remote'''</u> Matrix server while remaining on your <u>'''local'''</u> computer.
=== Transferring Files Between Computers (Command Line Terminal(CLI) ===
Let's look at using the '''sftp''' command on your '''local''' machine.
'''Perform the Following Steps:'''
[[Image:cmd.png|thumb|right|275px|Make certain to <u>remain</u> in the<br>command-line terminal in your '''local''' computer.]]# Make certain that you are in a command terminal on your <u>local</u> computer <br>(i.e. do '''NOT''' in log into your Matrix account).<br><br># Issue a command (Windows or Linuxdepending on your OS) to confirm that you are located in the '''local''' directory in your home computer.<br><br># If you are in MS Windows, open the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">NotePad</span> application to create a text file.<br><br><b>NOTE(otherwise:</b> if you are using ''Linux'' or ''MacOSx'' on your home computer, then use a another text editor like <b>vi</b> or <b>nano)</b><br>.
# Enter a few lines of text, and then click on the <b>File</b> menu and select <b>save as</b><br>(save as the filename <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">thefile.txt</span> in your <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">local</span> directory) and then <b>exit</b> the <i>Notepad</i> text editor.<br><br>If you using another OS, then save-as using the same filename and directory location for the text editor you are using.<br><br>
# If your OS is MS Windows issue the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">dir</span> Windows command to view the contents of your current directory<br>(otherwise, issue the <b>ls</b> command for other operating systems).<br><br>'''Note:''' the <u>relative</u> pathname symbols "'''.'''" and "'''..'''" work for the ''Windows''/''MacOSx''/''Unix''/''Linux'' operating systems.<br><br># Issue the following command to move to the '''parent ''' directory: <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">cd ..</span><br><br># If your OS is MS Windows issue the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">dir</span> Windows command to view the contents of your current that parent directorythat you changed to<br>(otherwise, issue the <b>ls</b> command for other operating systems).<br><br># Issue the following command to start an '''sftp ''' session (note: yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">sftp yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You may be required to enter '''yes''' to have the public key shared.<br><br>[[Image:sftp-commands.png|thumb|right|350px|Common '''sftp''' commands to manage the transfer<br>of files between computers.]]# You should be in the '''sftp command prompt''' where you are expected to issue '''sftp commands'''.<br>Please take a moment to view common <br><u>local</u> and <u>remote</u> ''sftp commands'' on the right-side table.<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'': <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">pwd</span><br><br>What is the pathname? Which server does this represent: local or remote?<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'': <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lpwd</span><br><br>What is the pathname? Which server does this represent: local or remote?<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''remote2''' directory on your ''remote'' server:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">cd remote2</span><br><br>
# Issue the '''pwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''remote2'' directory on your remote server.<br><br>
# Issue the following sftp command to change to the '''local''' directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd local</span><br><br># Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''local'' directory on your local servercomputer.<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to transfer the file called '''thefile.txt''' to the '''~/remote2''' directory on your remote server:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">put thefile.txt</span><br><br>
# Issue the '''ls''' sftp command to confirmed that you transferred/copied the filecalled: '''thefile.txt'''<br><br>Let's create another directory on your local server computer called '''local2''' so we can learn to <u>download</u> a file from your remote directory.<br><br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' (without an argument) to change to the '''parent ''' directoryon your local computer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd ..</span><br><br># Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that your current working directory on your local server computer is your home directory.<br><Br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' to create the following directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lmkdir local2</span><br><br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''local2''' directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd local2</span><br><br># Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm you have changed to the '''local2''' directory on your local servercomputer.<br><br>Let's learn to <u>download</u> a file from your remote server to your local servercomputer.<br><br>
# Issue the following '''sftp command''' to transfer your '''thefile.txt''' file from the '''remote2''' directory<br>on your remote server to your local computer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">get thefile.txt</span><br><br>
# Issue the '''<span style="font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lls''' '</span> ''sftp command''' to confirm that you transferred/copied the file: '''thefile.txt on ''' to your local servercomputer.<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to exit the sftp utlilty: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">exit</span><br><br>
<!-- OLDER CONTENT
# '''Save''' editing changes to the text file and exit your text editor.<br><br>
# Change back to your '''home''' directory and confirm that you are located in your ''home'' directory.<br><br>Let's run a '''shell script''' to check to make certain that you created the correct directories<br>and that you created the '''myfile.txt''' file (with correct file contents) in the '''~/local''' directory<br>before learning to use the ''sftp'' Linux command.<br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~uli101/week6-check-3</span><br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to start an sftp session (note: yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">sftp yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You may be required to enter '''yes''' to have the public key shared.<br><br>You are now in the '''sftp command prompt''' where you are expected to issue '''sftp commands'''.<br>Please refer to the table of ''sftp commands'' in the '''KEY CONCEPTS''' section for reference.<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'': <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">pwd</span><br><br>What is the pathname? Which server does this represent: local or remote?<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''remote''' directory on your ''remote'' server:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">cd remote</span><br><br>
# Issue the '''pwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''remote2'' directory on your remote server.<br><br>
# Issue the following sftp command to change to the '''local''' directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd local</span><br><br># Issue the '''pwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''local'' directory on your local servercomputer.<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to transfer your '''~/local/thefile.txt''' file to the '''~/remote''' directory on your remote server:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">put thefile.txt</span><br><br>
# Issue the '''ls''' sftp command to confirmed that you transferred/copied the file: '''thefile.txt'''<br><br>Let's create another directory on your local server computer called '''local2''' so we can learn to <u>download</u> a file from your remote directory.<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'' (without an argument) to change to your '''home''' directory:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd ~</span><br><br>
# Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that your current working directory on your local server computer is your home directory.<br><Br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' to create the following directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lmkdir local2</span><br><br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''local2''' directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd local2</span><br><br># Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm you have changed to the ''local2'' directory on your local servercomputer.<br><br>Let's learn to <u>download</u> a file from your remote server to your local servercomputer.<br><br># Issue the following '''sftp command''' to transfer your '''thefile.txt''' file from your remote directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">get thefile.txt</span><br><br># Issue the '''lls''' '''sftp command''' to confirm that you transferred/copied the file: thefile.txt on your local servercomputer.<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to exit the sftp utlilty: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">exit</span><br><br>
# Issue the '''ssh''' command to login to your Matrix server account.<br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script to ensure you created the CORRECT directories, created and copied the correct files: <br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~uli101/week6-check-3</span><br><br>
# If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.<br><br>
<br>
=== Transferring Files Between Computers Graphical Application (Graphical Secure Shell Application) ===[[Image:graphical-sftp-application.png|thumb|right|200px|'''SSH Secure Shell Client''' has a graphical application to transfer files between computers.]]If you installed the graphical Secure Shell application in [https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#CONNECTING_TO_YOUR_MATRIX_ACCOUNT_FROM_A_GRAPHICAL_WINDOWS_APPLICATION TUTORIAL 1 INVESTIGATION 1], <br>you can run a '''graphical ''' application from your computer desktopto transfer files between<br>your computer and your Matrix account.
Let's run the '''Secure Shell SFTP application ''' to transfer files between computers.<br>This section investigation assumes that your computer is a '''Windows''' machine. If soyou local computer<br>is '''NOT''' a ''Windows'' machine, you can <u>skip </u> this sectioninvestigation.
'''Perform the Following Steps:'''
# Open On your local computer, open the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">NotePad</span> application to create a text file.<br><br><b>NOTE:</b> if you are using a Graphical Linux or MacOSx OS, then use a text editor like <b>vi</b><br>.# Enter a few lines of text, and then click on the <b>File</b> menu and select <b>save as</b><br>(save as the filename <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">yourfile.txt</span> in your <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">local</span> directory) <br>and then <b>exit</b> the <i>Notepad</i> text editor.<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:graphical-sftp-icon.png|thumb|right|110px|Double Click on SFTP to launch graphical application.]]</td><td>[[Image:sftp-connect.png|thumb|right|200px|Using Quick Connect to login to your Matrix Linux server.]]</td></table># In your local computer's command terminal, make certain that you are in the '''local''' directory, and if not, change to that directory and confirm that you have changed to that directory.<br><br># Issue the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">dir</span> or <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ls</span> command for the '''local''' directory (depending on the OS of your <u>local</u> computer) to confirm your properly copied that you created the file from Matrixcalled '''yourfile.txt'''<br><br># On your Windows desktop, point and '''double-click ''' on the<br>'''SSH Secure file Transfer''' application icon.<br><br># The main Secure Shell SFTP application window should appear.<br><br>'''FYI:''' This application shows files on your home computer (on the left-side) and files on your remote Matrix computer on the right-side. You will NOT see files <br>for your Matrix server since you<br>have NOT logged into the Matrix server.<br><br>
# Click the '''Quick Connect''' button located in the Secure SFTP application window.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The Connect dialog box allows the user to specify the '''server name'''<br>and your '''account name''' to allow you to connect to the server.<br><br>
# Click on the textbox labelled '''Hostname''' and type the text: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>
# After entering the ''hostname'' and ''username'', click the '''Connect''' button.<br><br>
# Enter your Seneca password when prompted.<br><br>
# When you correctly connect to your Matrix account, you should see '''folders '''<br>in your remote server<br>(i.e. Matrix server).<br><br>[[Image:graphical-sftp-application.png|thumb|right|250px|'''Click''' and '''drag''' file(s) to transfer between computers.]]# There are two sub-windows to represent your local computer on the <u>left</u><br>and the remote (Matrix) server on the <u>right</u>.<br><br># In the <u>left </u> (local computer) window, navigate to point and '''double-click''' on your Windows<br>profile name (i.e. ''username'') and then locate and '''double-click''' on the '''local''' directory.<br><br># In the <u>right </u> (remote Matrix server) window, navigate to the '''remote2''' directory<br>and '''double-click''' to move to that directory.<br><br># In the left window, click and drag the '''yourfile.txt''' file to the <u>right </u> window.<br><br># Confirm Check to see that the '''yourfile.txt''' file appears in the <u>right </u> window to confirm <br>that the file was has been transferredto your Matrix server.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You can select multiple files by using ''SHIFT-CLICK'' or ''CTRL-CLICK'' methods<br>and then click and drag file selections between computers.<br><br># Take a few moments to see noter other buttons for both local and remote windows to <br>'''refresh the view''', '''delete file(s)''', '''navigate up to parent directory''', etc.<br><br># Click the '''File''' menu, and select '''Disconnect''' and then click '''OK''' to disconnect your sftp connection.<br><br># Now that you have disconnected, '''close''' the sftp application window.<br><br># Move Return to your command terminal command windows on your home <u>local</u> computer(do '''NOT''' connect to Matrix!).<br><br># Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script to ensure confirm that you transferred <br>the most recently-created textfile to the '''remote2''' directory in Matrix:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~uli101/week6-check-4</span><br><br># When prompted, enter your password.<br><br>
# If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.<br><br>
--> :In the next investigation, you will learn an alternative way to transfer a file to another computer server<br>by sending an '''e-mail message with an attached file'''.<br><br>
=INVESTIGATION 3: USING THE MAIL COMMAND TO SEND FILE ATTACHMENTS TRANSFER (EMAIL) =
In this sectioninvestigation, you will learn how to '''transfer ''' a file from your Matrix server to another computer systemby sending<br>by sending an '''email message ''' with a '''file attachment'''.
# Issue the following Linux command (using your Seneca-ID):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca</span><br><br>
# When prompted, enter the '''subject line''': <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">Test Message</span><br>and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ENTER</SPAN><br><br>
# In the email message '''BODY''' section, type the following text displayed below(and press '''ENTER'''):<br><span style="font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">This is a test email message</span><br><br># Press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ctrl-d</span> to send your email message.<br><br>Did any output display after you sent this email message? If so, what What you do think it '''EOT''' stands for?<br><br># Launch a '''web-browser''', login into your '''Seneca email''' account and check for new email messages.<br>Did you receive the email message that you sent from your Matrix server?<br><br>If you did NOT receive an e-mail message, check the '''JUNK''' or '''CLUTTER''' folders.<br>If you still did not receive an email message, return to your terminal and re-issue the '''mail''' command<br>making certain that you pressed <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ctrl-d</span> instead of pressing '''ctrl-c'''<br><br># Return to your terminal (i.e. Linux Bash shell ) and issue the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail -a ~/remote/myfile.txt yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca</span><br><br>
# When prompted, enter the subject line: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">Test Message with Attachment</span><br> and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ENTER</span><br><br>
# In the email message '''BODY''' section, type the following text displayed below(and press '''ENTER'''):<br><span style="font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">This is a test email message with a file attachment</span><br><br>
# Press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ctrl-d</span> to send your message.<br><br>
# Switch to your Seneca email and check your Seneca for new email for messages. Did you receive that email message?<br><br># Check your email to see if Did you received your receive that email message. If you did, what do you notice? Does the email contain a file attachment?<br><br># Return to your Linux Bash shell and issue the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca < ~/remote/myfile.txt</span><br><br>What happened? Were you prompted for subject and could you enter text in email body?<br>Did you see a file attachment as a separate file, or just text?<br><br># Check your email to see if you received your email message. If you did, what do you noticeregarding the subject line?<br><br>You should have noticed that there was '''NO''' customized '''subject line''',<br>since you redirected '''standard input''' (''stdin '') from the file, thus so there was no way <br>for the user to send a subject line.<br><br>You can use the '''-s''' option, followed by text (in quotes) to specify a '''subject line'''.<br><br># Return to your Linux Bash shell and issue the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail -s "email with attachment" yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca < ~/remote/myfile.txt</span><br><br>
# Check your email to see if you received your email message. If you did, what do you notice this time?<br><br>
# After completing this INVESTIGATION, perform the LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS at the end of the tutorial.<br><br>
simulate a quiz:
https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101files/uli101_week6_practice.docx
Your instructor may take-up these questions during class. It is up to the student to attend classes in order to obtain the answers to the following questions. Your instructor will NOT provide these answers in any other form (eg. e-mail, etc).
# Write a Linux command to send the attached file '''message.txt''' to the email address '''murray.saul@senecacollege.ca''' with the subject line: '''Important Message'''
# Create a '''table''' listing each Linux command, useful options and command purpose for the following Linux commands: '''scp''' , '''sftp''' , '''mail'''.
# Create a '''table''' listing each '''sftp command'''and it's purpose. _________________________________________________________________________________ Author: Murray Saul License: LGPL version 3Link: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html _________________________________________________________________________________
[[Category:ULI101]]
