Changes

:* Use the '''mailssh''' command to send email messages to your Seneca email accountrun and view commands on a '''remote computer''' from a '''local computer'''.

|colspan="2" |Course Notes'''Slides:'''<ul><li>Week 6 Lecture 1 Notes:<br>[https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101slides/ULI101-Week66.1.pdf PDF] | [https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101slides/ULI101-Week66.1.pptx PPTX]</li></ul>

| style="padding-left:15px;" |'''Definitions:'''

| style="padding-left:15px;"|'''File Transfer Commands:'''

|colspan="1" style="padding-left:15px;" width="30%"|'''Instructional Videos:'''<ul><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBvxbuhDKBw Using scp Command]</li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcKYFEgfV-I Using sftp Command]</li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iuf_mLrvh2o Using the mail Command]</li></ul>

The '''ssh''' Linux command is a '''suite of tools''' to allow the user to issue Linux commandssecurely between <br>securely between Unix / Linux servers, as well as securely '''copy''' and '''transfer''' files among Unix/Linux servers.

===Issuing Commands on Remote Unix/Linux Servers===[[Image:scpssh-diagramremote.png|thumb|right|450px350px|The '''scpssh''' Unix/Linux command is can be used to securely copy files between Unix<u>run</u> and <u>view</Linux serversu> commands on '''remote computer''' from a '''local computer'''.]]You can use the '''Secure copy protocol (ssh''' command to issue Unix/Linux commands on a '''scpremote''') is a means of securely transferring server<br>from your <u>local</u> computer files between a local host and without logging into a remote host or between two remote hosts. It is based on the Secure Shell server (SSHsuch as Matrix) protocol.   ''Command Usage:'' <span style="SCPfont-family:courier" commonly refers to both the Secure Copy Protocol and the program itself>'''ssh username@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l'''</span> You will be prompted for your Matrix account password, then the contents of your home directory in your remote Matrix account will be displayed on your <u>local</u> computer's terminal.<br><br>

<span style="font-family:courier">'''scp local.file username@host:destination-pathname'''<br>'''scp local.file username@host:'''<br>'''scp local.file user@host:file-pathname local-pathname'''<br><br></span>

The user name in the command can be '''omitted''' if it's the same as on the <u>local </u> host. <br>Multiple file and recursive directory copy (i.e. option '''-Rr''') is supported.

Reference: http://man7'''FTP''' stands for '''File Transfer Protocol''' which provides a set of '''rules''' on how to convert data that is transferred between computers (both identical and different operating systems).org/linux/man-pages/man1The '''sftp''' command performs file transfers <u>securely</sftp.1u> using encryption.html

The usage for the '''sftp'Command Usage:'' command is displayed below:

Below is a table that provide When you login via the ''sftp'' command, the '''basic sftp commandsprompt''' to perform file transfer and management appears. The sftp prompt is like a Bash shell prompt, but with a limited number of commands. Some of those When issuing sftp commands loosely resemble Unix, the local server relates to the server where you first issued the sftp command. Refer to the diagram on the right for <u>local</u> and <u>remote</Linux u> ''sftp'' commands.[[Image:graphical-sftp-application.png|thumb|right|250px|'''Graphical''' SFTP application.]]

Although it is important to learn know how to use the '''sftp''' command-line sftp and is considered coverage<br>for ''quizzes'', ''midterm '' and ''final exam'', <br>there are '''graphical sftp applications''' that provide an alternative to issuing commands.

If you installed the graphical '''Secure Shell Client''' application in your Windows computer from performing [https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#CONNECTING_TO_YOUR_MATRIX_ACCOUNT_FROM_A_GRAPHICAL_WINDOWS_APPLICATION TUTORIAL 1 INVESTIGATION 1],<br>you can run a graphical use this application from to transfer files between your computer desktopand your Matrix account by graphically '''navigating''', '''selecting''' and '''dragging''' files between computers.<br><br>

You can use the '''<span style="font-weight:bold;">mail''' command in Matrix to send email messages</spanbr> is a command-line to other email client for Unix and Unix-like operating systemsaccounts via the Internet.''

[[Image:mail-diagram.png|thumb|right|250px400px|The Using the '''mail''' command allows users with '''redirection''' to send and receive email messages. (Image licensed under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3<br>with file attachment.0/ cc])]]

:#Type the '''body of the message''' and then when finished, <br>press <span style="font-family:courier">'''ctrl+d'''</span> to send message<br><br>

:#Type: '''<span style="font-family:courier;">mail -s "your subject line" username@hostname < filenamepathnamefilepathname</span>'''

=INVESTIGATION 1: USING FILE TRANSFER (SECURE COPY)=

<span style="color:red;">'''ATTENTION''': This online tutorial will be required to be completed by '''Friday in week 8 by midnight''' to obtain a grade of '''2%''' towards this course</span><br><br> [[Image:cmd.png|thumb|right|350px|Make certain to '''open a command-line terminal''' and<br><u>'''NOT'''</u> a graphic SSH application for this tutorial!.]]The '''SSH''' package on your ''home computer'' and on the ''Matrix Linux server''<br>contain a '''suite''' (i.e. collection) of secure utilities including '''ssh''' and '''scp'''.  In this sectioninvestigation, you will learn how to use the '''scp''' command to '''securely<br>copy files ''' between your computer and your Matrix Linux server. This methods is useful because it can be performed in the ''MS-Windows'', ''MacOSx'', and ''Unix/Linux'' operating systems.<br><br>You will also learn how to issue the '''ssh''' command to run commands on your<br><u>'''remote'''</u> Matrix server while remaining on your <u>'''local'''</u> computer.

# Try connecting Connect to your Matrix account using the instructions in the table below based on <u>your</u> '''current operating system'''.<br><br>

</table><br><br><ol><li value="3">When you have issue the above ssh '''NOTE:''' Make certain to open a '''command, enter your password to login.<br-line terminal''' and <u>NOT</u> a <u>graphical</u> SSH application for this tutorial.<br><br></li><li>Issue After logging into your Matrix account, issue to the following Linux commands '''pwd''' command to confirm you are in your home directory.<br><br></li><li>Issue the following Linux command to create the following directory:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mkdir ~/remote</span><br><br></li><li>Change to the <b>~/remote</b> directory and confirm that you have changed to that directory.<br><br></li><li>Use a text editor to create a text file called <b>myfile.txt</b><br><br></li><li>Enter the following two lines displayed below in your editing session:<br><span style="font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">This is my file<br>It is a small file</span><br><br></li><li><b>Save</b> editing changes to your ''myfile.txt'' file and exit your text editor.<br><br></li><li>Change back to your Let's run a <b>homeshell script</b> directory and confirm to check that you are located in your created the <ib>homeremote</ib> directory.<br>and that you created the <brb>myfile.txt</lib>file (with correct file contents) in that directory.<libr>Let's run a <bbr>shell script</bli> to check that you created the correct directories<br</li>and that you created Enter the following command: <b>myfile.txt</b> file (with correct file contents) in the <bspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">~uli101/fromweek6-check-1</b> directory<br>before using the ''scp'' Linux command.<brspan><br><br></li></li>Issue If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the following: checking script until you receive<span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"br>bash /home/murraya congratulations message, and proceed to the next step.saul/scripts/week6-check-1</span<br><br><brb>NOTE:</lib> We will now learn to transfer files between your <b><liu>If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receivelocal<br/u>a congratulations message, and proceed to the next step.home computer<br/b>and your <brb><bu>NOTE:remote</bu> We will now learn to transfer files between your Matrix Linux server</b>(local) home computer.</bbr> and your <bbr>(remote) Matrix Linux server</bli>.<br/ol>[[Image:cmd.png|thumb|right|350px|You are required to <bru>'''remain'''</liu><li>Exit in your Matrix ssh session, but remain in '''local''' computer's command terminal for the OS terminal on your <u>home</u> computer.remainder of this ''INVESTIGATION'' and ''INVESTIGATION 2'']]<brol><br></livalue="12"><li>The <b'''Exit your Matrix ssh session''' but '''<u>mkdirremain</bu> ''' in the ''command works with terminal''<i>MS Windows/UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers</ibr>on your '''local''' computer..<br>Issue the following command to create a directory called <bbr>local</b> in your current directory: <span style="span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">mkdir local'''ATTENTION:''' You are required to </span><br><bru>'''remain'''</liu><li>The <b>cd<in your '''local''' computer's command terminal for the remainder of this ''INVESTIGATION'' and ''INVESTIGATION 2''.</bspan><br> command works with <ibr>MS Windows</li><li>The <b>mkdir</b> command works with <i>MS Windows/UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers</i>.<br>Issue the following command to change to the on your <u>local directory: <span /u> computer to<br>create a directory called <b>local</b>: <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">cd mkdir local</span><br><br></li><li>If you are in MS Windows, open the The <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;"b>NotePadcd</spanb> application to create a text file.command works with <bri>MS Windows/UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers</i>.<br>Issue the following command on your <bu>NOTE:local</bu> if you are using a Graphical Linux or MacOSx OS, then use a text editor like computer to<br>change to the <b>vilocal</b>directory: <br>.</li>span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">cd local<li/span>Enter a few lines of text, and then click on the <bbr>File</b> menu and select <bbr>save as</bli><brli>(save as If you are using MS Windows on your local computer, issue the filename <b>other.txtspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">dir</bspan> in your command to confirm you are<bbr>in the ''local</b> '' directory) and then <b>exit</b> ; otherwise, use the <i>Notepad</ispan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">pwd</span> text editorcommand.<br><br></li><li>If your OS is you are in MS Windows issue , open the <'''GRAPHICAL''' <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">dirNotePad</span> Windows command application to view the contents of your current directorycreate a text file<br>(otherwiseOtherwise, issue use the <b>lsnano</b> command for other operating systems).or <brb>vi<br>The </b>SSH packagetext editor).</bbr> on your <ibr>home computer</ili> and on the <ili>Matrix Linux server</i> contain a Enter a few lines of text, and if using '''Notepad''', then click on the <b>suiteFile</b> (i.e. menu and select <b>collectionsave as</b>) of secure utilities <<br>including (save as the filename <bspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">sshother.txt</bspan>, in your <bspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scplocal</bspan> directory) and then <b>sftpexit</b>.the <br><bri>Notepad</lii>text editor.<libr>Issue the following Linux command to copy the <bbr>other.txt</b> file from '''NOTE:''' if using another text editor, save your local machine to your remote Matrix serverediting session and exit the text editor.<br>(replace yoursenecaid is <ubr>YOUR</uli> Seneca ID and ADD A COLON : TO THE END OF THE COMMAND):<brli>If your OS is MS Windows issue the <span style="color:blue;font-weightfamily:boldcourier;font-familyweight:courierbold;">scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:dir</span>Windows command to view the contents of your current directory<br>(otherwise, issue the <br></lispan style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">ls<li/span>When prompted, enter your Matrix command for other operating systems).<br><br>We will use the '''passwordscp'''.command to copy the <bru><br><b>TIP:local</bu> You can issue the ssh command, followed by a command that will be run file called '''other.txt''' to your home directory on your <u>remote computer,<br/u>but displayed on your local computer <b><u>without</u></b> having to establish a continuous connection to your remote Matrix Matrix Linux server.<br><br></li><li>Issue the following Linux command (using your matrix username): to copy the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"b>ssh yoursenecaid@matrixother.senecacollege.ca ls -ltxt</spanb>file from your local machine to your remote Matrix server<br>(replace yoursenecaid is <bru>YOUR</liu><li>When prompted, enter your password and press ENTER.Seneca ID and '''ADD A COLON : TO THE END OF THE COMMAND'''):<br><br>Do you see detailed information regarding the file called <bspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">outputscp other.txtyoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:</bspan>?<br>That command was run remotely on your Matrix server as confirmation that you securely copied that file<br>to the home directory of the Matrix server.<br><br></li><li>Use the When prompted, enter your Matrix '''Notepadpassword''' application (or vi for other OS types) to create a text file called '''mytextfile.txt'<br>[[Image:scp-diagram-2.png|thumb|right|350px|You can issue the ssh command, followed by a '''command' and save in the '' that will be run on your '''localremote''' directory of your computer.,<br>but <bru>display</liu>command output on your '''local''' computer.]]<libr>Issue the following Linux command to copy the <b>mytextfile.txtTIP:</b> file from You can issue the ssh command, followed by a command that will be run on your remote computer, but display on your local machine to your remote Matrix servercomputer <brb>(replace yoursenecaid is <u>YOURwithout</u></ub> having to establish a continuous connection to your remote Matrix server.<br> Seneca ID and LEAVE <ubr>OUT</uli> THE : at the end of <li>Issue the following command!(using your matrix username):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp mytextfile.txt ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.cals -l other.txt</span><br><br></li><li>When prompted, '''enter your Matrix password'''passwordand press '''ENTER'''.<br><br>Do you see detailed information </lib>other.txt<li/b>Issue the following command file? (using your matrix usernamelook at bottom): <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrixbr>That command was run remotely on your Matrix server as confirmation that you securely copied that file to the home directory of the Matrix server.senecacollege.ca ls -l</span><br><br></li><li>When prompted, enter your password and press ENTERLet's copy the file called '''myfile.<br><br>Do you see txt''' in the file? That is because the COLON was NOT added '''~/remote''' directory that you created earlier in your Matrix account to the end of the command!your <brb>Therefore, you MUST remember to include the COLON : at the end of the hostname, or it will NOT properly remotely copy the file!local</b> directory on your home computer.<br><br></li><li>Issue the following Linux command to copy that same file to the ~(replace yoursenecaid is <u>YOUR</remote directory in Matrix:u> Seneca ID).<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;The period "."as '''second argument''' represents your <u>current</u>scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote</span>directory<br>on your <bru>local</liu>computer):<libr>Issue the following command to confirm that it was remotely copied to your ~/remote directory in Matrix:<br><span style="color<span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh scp yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l :remote/home/yoursenecaid/remotemyfile.txt .</span><br><br>Do you see the output for the detailed file listing of <b>output.txt</bli>?<br>What does this indicate?<br><br><li>Issue the following command to copy that same file to the ~/remote directory in Matrix as a different filename:<brli>Issue the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote/different.txtdir</span>or <br><br></lispan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ls<li/span>Issue the following command to confirm that (depending on the file was remotely copied to OS of your ~/remote directory in <u>local</u> computer) to confirmed your properly copied that file from Matrix with a different filename:.<br><br><span style="color/li><li>Use the '''Notepad''' application (or vi for other OS types) to create a text file called <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l /home/yoursenecaid/remote/differentmytextfile.txt</span>,<br>type some text and then save in the <br>What does this indicate?span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">local</span> directory of your computer.<br><br>Let's issue a checking script remotely to see that you properly copied that file from your<brli>Issue the <b>local computer to your remote Linux server to both your dir</b>homeor </b> directory and ls</b> command (depending on your OS) to confirm that your newly-created file exists in your <b>~/remotelocal</b> directory.<br><br></li><li>Issue the following:We are going to intentionally make a '''<bru>mistake<span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"/u>bash /home/murray''' with the '''scp''' command.saul/scripts/week6-check-2</spanbr>Issue the following Linux command to copy the <brb>mytextfile.txt<br/b>If you encounter errors, re-run the scp commands file from your local machine to correct and reyour remote Matrix server<br>(replace yoursenecaid is <u>YOUR</u> Seneca ID and DO <u>NOT</u> INCLUDE THE : at the end of the command so see what happens):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-run the above command until you receive a congratulations messagefamily:courier;">scp mytextfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>Did you notice anything different (i.e. no password)?<br><br></li><li>Issue the following command (using your matrix username):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l mytextfile.txt</span><br><br></li><li>When prompted, enter your password and press ENTER.<br><br><b>The file mytextfile.txt does NOT appear in your home directory on your Matrix server!<br>Note that the COLON was NOT added to the end of the command! Therefore, you MUST<br>remember to include the COLON : at the end of the hostname, or it will NOT remotely copy the file!</b><br><br></li><li>Issue the following command to properly copy that same file to your Matrix server:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp mytextfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:</span><br><br></li><li>Issue the following command to confirm that it was remotely copied to your <b>home</b> directory in Matrix:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l /home/yoursenecaid/mytextfile.txt</span><br><br>Do you see the output for the detailed file listing of <b>mytextfile.txt</b>?<br>What does this indicate?<br><br><li>Issue the following command to copy the '''other.txt''' file on your local computer to the '''~/remote''' directory in Matrix renaming it as '''different.txt''':<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote/different.txt</span><br><br></li><li>Issue the following command to confirm that the file was remotely copied to your '''~/remote''' directory in Matrix with a different filename:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l /home/yoursenecaid/remote/different.txt</span><br><br>Were you able to properly copy this file?<br><br>Let's issue a checking script remotely to see that you properly copied that file from your<br>local computer to your remote Linux server to both your <b>home</b> directory and <b>~/remote</b> directory.<br><br></li><li>Issue the following:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ~uli101/week6-check-2</span><br><br>If you encounter errors, re-run the scp commands to correct and re-run the above command until you receive a congratulations message.<br><br></li><li>Remain in the terminal on your <u>local</u> computer and proceed to ''INVESTIGATION 2''.<br><br></li></ol> :'''NOTE:''' It would be possible to use the '''scp''' command to copy files from the Matrix server to your Windows computer,<br>but this would require obtaining your computer's IP address and your Windows username, so we will not demonstrate this in our tutorial.

:In the next investigation, you will use the '''sftp''' Linux command to transfer (i.e. copy) files between serversyour local computer and the Matrix server.<br><br>

=INVESTIGATION 2: USING FILE TRANSFER (SECURE FTP ) = The '''SSH''' package on your ''home computer'' and on the ''Matrix Linux server''<br>contain a '''suite''' (i.e. collection)of secure utilities including '''ssh''' and '''sftp'''.

=== Using In this investigation, you will learn how to use the '''sftp Command (Command Line) ===''' command to '''transfer''' files between<br>Unix/Linux servers. This methods is useful because it can be performed in the<br>''MS-Windows'', ''MacOSx'', and ''Unix/Linux'' operating systems.<br><br>You will also learn how to issue the '''ssh''' command to run commands on your<br><u>'''remote'''</u> Matrix server while remaining on your <u>'''local'''</u> computer.

The '''SSH''' package on your ''home computer'' and on the ''Matrix Linux server'' contain a '''suite'''<br>=== Command Line Terminal (i.e. collectionCLI) of secure utilities including '''ssh''' and '''sftp'''.<br>=== Let's look at using the '''sftp''' command on your '''local''' machine.

[[Image:cmd.png|thumb|right|275px|Make certain to <u>remain</u> in the<br>command-line terminal in your '''local''' computer.]]# Make certain that you are in your a command terminal that you opened on your <u>local </u> computer <br>(i.e. do '''NOT in ''' log into your Matrix account).<br><br># Make certain Issue a command (depending on your OS) to confirm that you are located in the '''local''' directory in your home computer.<br><br># If you are in MS Windows, open the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">NotePad</span> application to create a text file.<br><br>(otherwise: use another text editor like <b>NOTE:vi</b> if you are using a Graphical Linux or MacOSx OS, then use a text editor like <b>vinano)</b><br>.# Enter a few lines of text, and then click on the <b>File</b> menu and select <b>save as</b><br>(save as the filename <bspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">thefile.txt</bspan> in your <bspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">local</bspan> directory) and then <b>exit</b> the <i>Notepad</i> text editor.<br><br>If you using another OS, then save-as using the same filename and directory location for the text editor you are using.<br><br># If your OS is MS Windows issue the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">dir</span> Windows command to view the contents of your current directory<br>(otherwise, issue the <b>ls</b> command for other operating systems).<br><br>'''Note:''' the <u>relative</u> pathname symbols "'''.'''" and "'''..'''" work for the ''Windows''/''MacOSx''/''Unix''/''Linux'' operating systems.<br><br># Issue the following command to move to the '''parent ''' directory: <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">cd ..</span><br><br># If your OS is MS Windows issue the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">dir</span> Windows command to view the contents of your current that parent directorythat you changed to<br>(otherwise, issue the <b>ls</b> command for other operating systems).<br><br># Issue the following command to start an '''sftp ''' session (note: yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">sftp yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You may be required to enter '''yes''' to have the public key shared.<br><br>[[Image:sftp-commands.png|thumb|right|350px|Common '''sftp''' commands to manage the transfer<br>of files between computers.]]# You should be in the '''sftp command prompt''' where you are expected to issue '''sftp commands'''.<br>Please take a moment to view common <br><u>local</u> and <u>remote</u> ''sftp commands'' on the right-side table.<br><br>

# Issue the following sftp command to change to the '''local''' directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd local</span><br><br># Issue the '''pwdlpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''local'' directory on your local servercomputer.<br><br>

# Issue the '''ls''' sftp command to confirmed that you transferred/copied the filecalled: '''thefile.txt'''<br><br>Let's create another directory on your local server computer called '''local2''' so we can learn to <u>download</u> a file from your remote directory.<br><br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' (without an argument) to change to the '''parent ''' directoryon your local computer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd ..</span><br><br># Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that your current working directory on your local server computer is your home directory.<br><Br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' to create the following directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lmkdir local2</span><br><br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''local2''' directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd local2</span><br><br># Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm you have changed to the '''local2''' directory on your local servercomputer.<br><br>Let's learn to <u>download</u> a file from your remote server to your local servercomputer.<br><br>

# Issue the '''<span style="font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lls''' '</span> ''sftp command''' to confirm that you transferred/copied the file: '''thefile.txt on ''' to your local servercomputer.<br><br>

# Issue the '''ssh''' command to login to your Matrix server account.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command to remotely run a checking script to ensure you created the CORRECT correct directories,<br>and properly transferred those created and copied the correct files: <br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">bash /home/murrayssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.saul/scriptsca ~uli101/week6-check-3</span><br><br># If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.<br><br>'''FYI:''' To run a checking program to check if you created the '''local''' and '''local2''' directories in MS Windows would require<br>running a local-based script (like '''PowerShell'''). Since this is a Unix/Linux based course, we don't have a PowerShell script,<br>so we will ignore checking for files transferred to your local computer.

# Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~uli101/week6-check-3</span><br><br>

# Issue the following sftp command to change to the '''local''' directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd local</span><br><br># Issue the '''pwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''local'' directory on your local servercomputer.<br><br>

# Issue the '''ls''' sftp command to confirmed that you transferred/copied the file: '''thefile.txt'''<br><br>Let's create another directory on your local server computer called '''local2''' so we can learn to <u>download</u> a file from your remote directory.<br><br>

# Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that your current working directory on your local server computer is your home directory.<br><Br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' to create the following directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lmkdir local2</span><br><br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''local2''' directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd local2</span><br><br># Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm you have changed to the ''local2'' directory on your local servercomputer.<br><br>Let's learn to <u>download</u> a file from your remote server to your local servercomputer.<br><br># Issue the following '''sftp command''' to transfer your '''thefile.txt''' file from your remote directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">get thefile.txt</span><br><br># Issue the '''lls''' '''sftp command''' to confirm that you transferred/copied the file: thefile.txt on your local servercomputer.<br><br>

# Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script to ensure you created the CORRECT directories, created and copied the correct files: <br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">bash /home/murrayssh yoursenecaid@matrix.saul/scriptssenecacollege.ca ~uli101/week6-check-3</span><br><br>

--> :Although it is important to learn how to use '''command-line sftp and ''' which is considered coverage for quizzes, midterm and final exam, there are '''graphical sftp applications''' available that are considered "user-friendly". The next section investigation will show you how you can use the graphical SFTP Secure Client to transfer files between your local computer and your remote Matrix Linux servergraphically (assuming your local computer is running MS Windows).

=== Using Graphical Application (Secure Shell sftp Application in MS Windows (Graphical) ===[[Image:graphical-sftp-application.png|thumb|right|200px|'''SSH Secure Shell Client''' has a graphical application to transfer files between computers.]]If you installed the graphical Secure Shell application in [https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#CONNECTING_TO_YOUR_MATRIX_ACCOUNT_FROM_A_GRAPHICAL_WINDOWS_APPLICATION TUTORIAL 1 INVESTIGATION 1], <br>you can run a '''graphical''' application from your computer desktop to transfer files between<br>your computer and your Matrix account.

If you installed the graphical Secure Shell application in [https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#CONNECTING_TO_YOUR_MATRIX_ACCOUNT_FROM_A_GRAPHICAL_WINDOWS_APPLICATION TUTORIAL 1 INVESTIGATION 1], <br>you can run a graphical application from your computer desktop.  Let's run the '''Secure Shell SFTP application ''' to transfer files between computers.<br>This section investigation assumes that your computer is a '''Windows''' machine. If soyou local computer<br>is '''NOT''' a ''Windows'' machine, you can <u>skip </u> this sectioninvestigation.

# Open On your local computer, open the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">NotePad</span> application to create a text file.<br><br><b>NOTE:</b> if you are using a Graphical Linux or MacOSx OS, then use a text editor like <b>vi</b><br>.# Enter a few lines of text, and then click on the <b>File</b> menu and select <b>save as</b><br>(save as the filename <bspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">yourfile.txt</bspan> in your <bspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">local</bspan> directory) <br>and then <b>exit</b> the <i>Notepad</i> text editor.<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:graphical-sftp-icon.png|thumb|right|110px|Double Click on SFTP to launch graphical application.]]</td><td>[[Image:sftp-connect.png|thumb|right|200px|Using Quick Connect to login to your Matrix Linux server.]]</td></table># In your local computer's command terminal, make certain that you are in the '''local''' directory, and if not, change to that directory.<br><br># Issue the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">dir</span> command for the '''local''' directory to confirm that you created the file called '''yourfile.txt'''<br><br># On your Windows desktop, point and '''double-click ''' on the<br>'''SSH Secure file Transfer''' application icon.<br><br># The main Secure Shell SFTP application window should appear.<br><br>'''FYI:''' This application shows files on your home computer (on the left-side) and files on your remote Matrix computer on the right-side. You will occurNOT see files<br>for your Matrix server since you have NOT logged into the Matrix server.<br><br># Click on the '''Quick Connect''' buttonlocated in the Secure SFTP application window.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The Connect dialog box allows the user to specify the '''server name'''<br>and your '''account name''' to allow you to connect to the server.<br><br>

# When you correctly connect to your Matrix account, you should see '''folders '''<br>in your remote server<br>(i.e. Matrix server).<br><br>[[Image:graphical-sftp-application.png|thumb|right|250px|'''Click''' and '''drag''' file(s) to transfer between computers.]]# There are two sub-windows to represent your local computer on the <u>left</u><br>and the remote (Matrix) server on the <u>right</u>.<br><br># In the <u>left </u> (local computer) window, navigate to point and '''double-click''' on your Windows<br>profile name (i.e. ''username'') and then locate and '''double-click''' on the '''local''' directory.<br><br># In the <u>right </u> (remote Matrix server) window, navigate to the '''remote2''' directory<br>and '''double-click''' to move to that directory.<br><br># In the left window, click and drag the '''yourfile.txt''' file to the <u>right </u> window.<br><br># Confirm Check to see that the '''yourfile.txt''' file appears in the <u>right </u> window to confirm <br>that the file was has been transferredto your Matrix server.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You can select multiple files by using ''SHIFT-CLICK'' or ''CTRL-CLICK'' methods<br>and then click and drag file selections between computers.<br><br># Take a few moments to see noter other buttons for both local and remote windows to <br>'''refresh the view''', '''delete file(s)''', '''navigate up to parent directory''', etc.<br><br># Click the '''File''' menu, and select '''Disconnect''' button and exit then click '''OK''' to disconnect your sftp connection.<br><br># Now that you have disconnected, '''close''' the Secure SFTP sftp applicationwindow.<br><br># Return to your command terminal on your <u>local</u> computer (do '''NOT''' connect to Matrix!).<br><br># Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script to confirm that you transferred<br>the most recently-created textfile to the '''remote2''' directory in Matrix:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ~uli101/week6-check-4</span><br><br># When prompted, enter your password.<br><br># If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.<br><br>

:In the next investigation, you will learn an alternative way to transfer a file to another computer server<br>by sending an '''e-mail message with an attached file'''.<br><br>

=INVESTIGATION 3: USING THE MAIL COMMAND TO SEND FILE ATTACHMENTS TRANSFER (EMAIL) =

Your The '''Matrix''' server is also an '''email server''' that can allow you to '''send''' and '''receive''' text-based emails messages to other email messagesaccounts.

In this sectioninvestigation, you will learn how to '''transfer ''' a file from your Matrix server to another computer systemby sending<br>by sending an '''email message ''' with a '''file attachment'''.

# Make certain that you are logged into connect and login to your '''Matrix''' account server and confirm that you are located in your '''home''' directory.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command(using your Seneca-ID):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca</span><br><br>

# In the email message '''BODY''' section, type the following text displayed below(and press '''ENTER'''):<br><span style="font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">This is a test email message</span><br><br># Press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ctrl-d</span> to send your email message.<br><br>Did any output display after you sent this email message? If so, what What you do think it '''EOT''' stands for?<br><br># Launch a '''web-browser''', login into your '''Seneca email ''' account and check for new email messages.<br>Did you receive the email message that you sent from your Matrix server?<br><br>If you did NOT receive an e-mail message, check the '''JUNK''' or '''CLUTTER''' folders.<br>If you still did not receive an email message, return to your terminal and re-issue the '''mail''' command<br>making certain that you pressed <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ctrl-d</span> instead of pressing '''ctrl-c'''<br><br># Return to your terminal (i.e. Linux Bash shell ) and issue the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail -a ~/localremote/thefilemyfile.txt yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca</span><br><br>

# In the email message '''BODY''' section, type the following text displayed below(and press '''ENTER'''):<br><span style="font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">This is a test email message with a file attachment</span><br><br>

# Switch to your Seneca email and check your Seneca for new email for messages. Did you receive that email message?<br><br># Check your email to see if Did you received your receive that email message. If you did, what do you notice? Does the email contain a file attachment?<br><br># Return to your Linux Bash shell and issue the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca &lt; ~/localremote/thefilemyfile.txt</span><br><br>What happened? Were you prompted for subject and could you enter text in email body?<br>Did you see a file attachment as a separate file, or just text?<br><br># Check your email to see if you received your email message. If you did, what do you noticeregarding the subject line?<br><br>You should have noticed that there was '''NO''' customized '''subject line''', <br>since you redirected '''standard input''' (''stdin '') from the file,so there was no way<br>thus there was no ability for the user to send a subject line.<br><br>You can use the '''-s''' option, followed by text (in quotes) to specify a '''subject line'''.<br><br># Return to your Linux Bash shell and issue the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail -s "email with attachment" yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca &lt; ~/localremote/thefilemyfile.txt</span><br><br>

https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101files/uli101_week6_practice.docx

# Create a '''table''' listing each '''sftp command'''and it's purpose.  _________________________________________________________________________________ Author: Murray Saul License: LGPL version 3Link: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html _________________________________________________________________________________