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→INVESTIGATION 1: CREATING & MANAGING DIRECTORIES
=INVESTIGATION 1: CREATING & MANAGING DIRECTORIES=
<span style="color:red;">'''ATTENTION''': This tutorial will provide additional '''practice''' with the necessary skills for completing this weeks segment of your '''assignment''' and is not worth marks.</span><br><br>
In this investigation, you will learn how to '''create''', '''navigate''', '''list directory contents''' and '''remove''' directories in your Matrix account.
# We will now create the subdirectories that are contained in the '''uli101xx''' directory.<br>Issue the following Linux command to move to the '''uli101xx''' directory using a '''relative''' pathname:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">cd uli101xx</span><br><br>
# Issue a Linux command to confirm that your current location is in the ''uli101xx'' directory.<br>You should know how to issue this command from a previous tutorial.<br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to create the directories called '''notes''', '''tutorials''' and '''examplessamples''':<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mkdir notes tutorials examplessamples</span><br><br># Issue a Linux command to confirm that those directories have been created<br>(you should already know how to do this).<br><br>There are better ways to create the same directory structure without using the '''cd''' command.<br><br>Issuing the '''cd''' command '''<u>prior</u>''' to issuing other commands indicates to others that you are a novice or "'''newbie'''".<br>You can actually '''lose marks''' on quizzes or examples tests if you issue multiple Linux commands to performed tasks that can be performed<br>using a single Linux command with '''pathnames'''.<br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to return to your home directory: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">cd</span><br><br>
# Issue a Linux command to confirm that you are now located in your home directory.<br><br>Although we will teach you how to '''remove''' directories and their contents in another sectioninvestigation,<br>let's remove the created directory structure' and '''recreate''' the same directory structure<br>using just <u>one</u> command using pathnames.<br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to remove all of the directories that you have created:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">rm -r uli101xx acp100xx xyz100xx</span><br><br>
# Issue a Linux command to confirm that the '''uli101xx''', '''acp100xx''' and '''xyz100xx''' that been removed.<br><br>
# Issue the following single Linux command to create the entire directory structure:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mkdir -p uli101xx/notes uli101xx/tutorials uli101xx/examples samples acp100xx xyz100xx</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' The '''-p''' option allows "parent" directories to be automatically created first to then create their subdirectories.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command to confirm that all of the directories have been created:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ls -ld uli101xx/ uli101xx/notes uli101xx/tutorials uli101xx/examples samples acp100xx xyz100xx</span>
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'''Running a Shell Script to Check your Work'''
# Make certain that your current directory is '''your home directory'''.<br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~uli101/week2-check-1</span><br><br># If you encounter errors, then view the feedback to make corrections, and then re-run the checking script. If you receive a congratulation message that there are no errors, then proceed to the next sectionpart.
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'''Perform the Following Steps:'''
<table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:directory-structure-5.png|thumb|right|250px|Output of the '''tree''' command to display directory structure.]]</td><td>[[Image:directory-structure-6.png|thumb|right|250px|Output of the '''ls -R''' command to display directory structure.]]</td></table>
# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">tree</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You should see the directory structure that you created in the previous sectioninvestigation. You can also issue the '''tree''' command using a directory pathname to display the directory structure for a specific scope.<br><br>You can also use the '''-R''' option for the '''ls''' command to display all directories and subdirectories for a specified directory path (referred to as a '''recursive directory listing''').<br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ls -lR </span><br><br>What directories do you see?<br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ls -lR uli101xxx</span><br><br>Note the differences between both of these commands (i.e. using and <u>not</u> using a pathname).<br><br>You can copy and move entire directories (and their contents) to other directories.<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:directory-structure-7.png|thumb|right|250px|Output of the '''tree''' command to confirm copy of '''uli101xx''' directory (and contents) to the '''xyz100xx''' directory.]]</td><td>[[Image:directory-structure-8.png|thumb|right|300px|Output of the '''tree''' command to confirm movement of '''acp100 directory''' directory (and contents) to the '''xyz100xx''' diredtory.]]</td></tr></table>
# Issue the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">cp -R uli101xx xyz100xx</span><br><br>
#Issue the following Linux command to display the directory structure of your home directory to confirm you copied the uli101xx directory:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">tree </span><br><br><br><br><br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mv acp100xx xyz100xx/uli101xx/tutorials</span><br><br>
#Issue the following Linux command to display the directory structure of your home directory to confirm you moved the acp100xx directory:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">tree </span><br><br>Let's run a checking script to see if you moved and copied the directories correctly.<br><br>
# Make certain that your current directory is '''your home directory'''.<br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command run checking script:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~uli101/week2-check-2</span><br><br># If you encounter errors. make corrections and re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message, and proceed to the next sectioninvestigation.<br><br>
===Part 3: Removing Directories ===
In this sectioninvestigation, we will learn how to '''safely remove''' directories and their contents.
# Issue the following Linux command (entering "y" when prompted): <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">rm -ri xyz100xx</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You should have removed all directories that you have created.<br><br>Let's run a checking script to confirm that you have correctly removed all of those directories.<br><br>
# Issue the '''tree''' command to confirm that all of those recently created directories have been removed.<br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script to confirm removal of those directories:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~uli101/week2-check-3</span><br><br>
# If you encounter errors, make corrections and re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message, and proceed to the next INVESTIGATION.<br><br>
# Issue a Linux command to check that you correctly created those directories.<br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to edit a text file called '''mytext.txt''' in the '''linux/practice''' directory:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">nano textedit/practice/mytext.txt</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' When using the '''Nano''' text editor, you are placed in '''INPUT''' mode, so you can enter text immediately.<br><br>[[Image:nano-text-editor-2.png|right|400px|thumb|Enter the following text that appears in this diagram.]]
# Enter the lines shown in the other diagram of the nano text editor on the right side.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' Refer to the table below for a list of<br>common '''Nano''' navigation & editing commands:<br><br><table cellpadding="5"><tr><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Key(s)</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Purpose</th></tr><trvalign="top"><td style="font-family:courier">'''<ctrl><SPACEBAR>''', <br>'''<esc><6>'''</td><td>Move forward/backward one word</td></tr><trvalign="top"><td style="font-family:courier">'''<ctrl><a>''', <br> '''<ctrl><e>'''</td><td>Move to beginning/end of line</td></tr><tr><td style="font-family:courier">'''<escctrl><SPACEBARk>'''</td><td>Move back one wordCut line</td></tr><tr><td style="font-family:courier">'''<ctrl><kesc>6'''</td><td>Cut lineCopy Line</td></tr><tr><td style="font-family:courier">'''<escctrl>^'''</td><td>Copy Line ('''Note:''' to get '''^''' character, type '''<shiftu>6''', <u>not</utd> <ctrltd>)Paste Cut/Copied Text</td></tr><tr><td style="font-family:courier">'''<ctrl><ug>'''</td><td>Paste Cut/Copied TextDisplay help screen (ctrl-x to exit help screen)</td></tr><tr><td style="font-family:courier">'''<ctrl><gx>'''</td><td>Display help screen (ctrl-x to Save editing changes and exit help screen)</td></tr></table><br>
# Referring to the table above, practice navigating and editing your entered lines for practice.<br><br>
# To '''save''' your editing session, press: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"><ctrl>x</span><br><br>
# You will be prompted to modify your file: type the letter <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">y</span> for '''yes'''.<br><br>
# The name of the file will be displayed, Press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ENTER</span>.to save editing changes for that file name.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' This prompt for file name allows you to change the name of the file if you wish.<br>By pressing '''ENTER''', it will accept the default filename.<br><br>
# Practice Perform some more editing operations based on the file ( using the nano command in '''step #4''' ) and perform more editing operations,chart above.<br><br>(just type more random lines at the bottom of this file) and then # '''saveSave''' your editing session and '''exit''' your text editor.<br><br>
===Part 2: Creating Text Files Using The vi Text Editor===
