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{{Admon/caution|DO NOT USE THIS VERSION OF THE LAB. This page will no longer be updated.|'''New version here:''' https://seneca-ictoer.github.io/ULI101/A-Tutorials/tutorial6<br />'''Andrew's students please go here:''' http://wiki.littlesvr.ca/wiki/OPS145_Lab_6}}=TRANSFERRING FILES / USING THE MAIL COMMANDBETWEEN COMPUTERS=

:* List '''common utilities''' combined with contained in the '''ssh''' suite of utilitiesapplication framework

:* Securely '''copy ''' files between Unix/Linux servers using the '''scp''' command

:* Securely '''transfer ''' copies of files between Unix/Linux servers using the '''sftp''' command

:* Use the mail '''ssh''' command to send email messages to your Seneca email accountrun and view commands on a '''remote computer''' from a '''local computer'''.

:* Use the '''mail ''' command to send email with '''file attachments ''' to your Seneca email account

|colspan="2" |Course Notes'''Slides:'''<ul><li>Week 6 Lecture 1 Notes:<br>[https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101slides/ULI101-Week66.1.pdf PDF] | [https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101slides/ULI101-Week66.1.pptx PPTX]</li></ul>

| style="padding-left:15px;" |'''Definitions:'''

| style="padding-left:15px;"|'''File Transfer Commands:'''

|colspan="1" style="padding-left:15px;" width="30%"|'''Instructional Videos:'''<ul><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBvxbuhDKBw Using scp Command]</li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcKYFEgfV-I Using sftp Command]</li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iuf_mLrvh2o Using the mail Command]</li></ul>

The '''ssh''' Linux command is a '''suite of tools''' to allow the user to issue Linux commandssecurely between <br>securely between Unix / Linux servers, as well as securely '''copy ''' and '''transfer ''' files among Unix/Linux servers.

===Issuing Commands on Remote Unix/Linux Servers===[[Image:scpssh-diagramremote.png|thumb|right|450px350px|The '''scpssh''' Unix/Linux command is can be used to securely copy files between Unix<u>run</u> and <u>view</Linux serversu> commands on '''remote computer''' from a '''local computer'''.]]You can use the '''ssh'Secure copy protocol ('' command to issue Unix/Linux commands on a '''scpremote''') is a means of securely transferring server<br>from your <u>local</u> computer files between a local host and without logging into a remote host or between two remote hosts. It is based on the Secure Shell server (SSHsuch as Matrix) protocol. "SCP" commonly refers to both the Secure Copy Protocol and the program itself.  ''Command Usage:''

Reference<span style="font-family: https://encourier">'''ssh username@matrix.wikipediasenecacollege.org/wikica ls -l'''</Secure_copyspan>

The usage for the '''===Secure Copy (scp''' command is similar to the '''cp''' command with the addition of host names, for example:)===

[[Image:scp-diagram.png|thumb|right|350px|The '''scp ''' Unix/Linux command is used to securely copy files between Unix/Linux servers.]]The '''scp''' command is used to <u>securely</u> copy files between your '''local''' computer and '''remote''' Unix/Linux server.file The usage for the ''scp'' command is similar to the '''cp''' command with the addition of '''user@name''' and '''host:destination-pathnamename''' .

'''scp local.file hostCommand Usage:'''

The user name in the command can be '''omitted''' if it's the same as on the <u>local </u> host. <br>Multiple file and recursive directory copy (i.e. option '''-Rr''') is supported.

Reference: http://man7'''FTP''' stands for '''File Transfer Protocol''' which provides a set of '''rules''' on how to convert data that is transferred between computers (both identical and different operating systems).org/linux/man-pages/man1The '''sftp''' command performs file transfers <u>securely</sftp.1u> using encryption.html

When you login via the sftp command, you are in the '''<span style="font-family:courier">sftp promptusername@hostname</span>''' (like a Bash shell prompt, but with a<br>limited number of commands).When issuing sftp commands it is important to understand that the local server relates to the server where you first issues the sftp command.

 '''<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"big><tr style="text-align:center;"><th>OperationGraphical SFTP Applications</th><tdbig>''' Although it is important to know how to use the '''sftp Command'''command for ''quizzes'', ''midterm'' and ''final exam'',<br>(Local Server)</td><td>there are '''graphical sftp Commandapplications'''<br>(Remote Server)</td></tr><tr><td>Display current working directory</td><th>!pwd</th><th>pwd</th></tr><tr><td>Display directory contents</td><th>!ls</th><th>ls</th></tr><tr><td>Create Directory</td><th>!mkdir</th><th>mkdir</th></tr><tr><td>Change directory location</td><th>lcd</th><th>cd</th></tr><tr><td>Upload file that provide an alternative to remote server<issuing commands. If you installed the graphical '''Secure Shell Client''' application in your Windows computer from performing [https:/td><th>put</th><th>-<wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/th><wiki/tr><tr><td>Download file Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#CONNECTING_TO_YOUR_MATRIX_ACCOUNT_FROM_A_GRAPHICAL_WINDOWS_APPLICATION TUTORIAL 1 INVESTIGATION 1], you can use this application to local server</td><th>get</th><th>-</th></tr></table>transfer files between your computer and your Matrix account by graphically '''navigating''', '''selecting''' and '''dragging''' files between computers.<br><br>

Reference: https://enYou can use the '''mail''' command in Matrix to send email messages<br>to other email accounts via the Internet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_(Unix) 

:#Type: '''<span style="font-family:courier;">mail username@hostname''' and press '''ENTER'Steps '' </span><br>:#Enter '''subject line''' and press '''ENTER'''<br>:#Type the '''body of the message''' and then when sending email (Method 1)finished,<br>press <span style="font-family:courier">'''ctrl+d'''</span> to send message<br><br>

'''Sending an Email Message with a File Attachment:'''[[Image:mail-diagram-2.png|thumb|right|275px|Viewing email with file attachment in<br>'''Seneca email account'''.]]:#Type: '''<span style="font-family:courier;">mail recipientusername@hostname-a filepathname</span>''' and press '''ENTER''' <br>

:#Type the '''body of the message''' and then when finished, press <span style="font-family:courier">'''ctrl+d''' </span> to send message<br><br> '''NOTE:''' You can use the mail command Alternative Method of Sending an Email Message with the '''-a''' option to specify a file to send<br>as an attachment to your email message.<br><br>''ExampleFile Attachment:''<br>'''mail recipient@hostname -a filename'''

'''Steps when sending email =INVESTIGATION 1: FILE TRANSFER (Method 2SECURE COPY):'''=

<span style="color::: Use the red;">'''-sATTENTION''' option in the command : This online tutorial will be required to specify the subject line of the command and use stdin redirection to send a text file as the body of the message.<br><br>be completed by '''NOTE:Friday in week 8 by midnight''' The advantage to obtain a grade of using this method is that you can send an email message without being prompted for the subject line or body of text message.<br><br>''Example:''<br>2%'''mail -s "your subject line" recipient@hostname towards this course< filename'''/span><br><br>

=INVESTIGATION 1[[Image: USING SECURE COPY=cmd.png|thumb|right|350px|Make certain to '''open a command-line terminal''' and<br><u>'''NOT'''</u> a graphic SSH application for this tutorial!.]]The '''SSH''' package on your ''home computer'' and on the ''Matrix Linux server''<br>contain a '''suite''' (i.e. collection) of secure utilities including '''ssh''' and '''scp'''.

<span style="color:blue;">In this investigation, you will learn how to use the '''scp''' command to '''ATTENTION:securely copy files''' Since the only between your computer and your Matrix Linux server account you have . This methods is your useful because it can be performed in the ''MS-Windows'', 'Matrix'MacOSx'' server,and ''Unix/Linux'' operating systems.<br><br>we You will simulate using also learn how to issue the scp command to copy from your '''Matrixssh''' server command torun commands on your<br><u>'''remote'''</u>another instanceMatrix server while remaining on your </u> of your Matrix server'''.local'''<br><br/u>To make this work, we will need to edit a "start-up" file to place a special series of commandscomputer.<br>You will learn more about start-up files later in this course.</span>

# Determine which operating system that your computer is using.<br><br># Connect to your Matrix account using the instructions in the table below based on <u>your</u> '''Logincurrent operating system''' your matrix account and issue a command to '''confirm''' you are located in your '''home''' directory.<.<br><br># Issue the following Linux commands to create the following directories<table style="margin-left:<br50px;"> <span tr valign="top" style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;fonttext-familyalign:couriercenter;">mkdir ~/from <brth>mkdir ~/destination'''Newer Version of Windows 10:'''</span><brth> <brth># Change to the '''~/fromMacOSX:''' directory.<br</th> <brth># Use a text editor to create a text file called '''myfile.txtLinux:'''<br/th> <br/tr># Enter <tr> <td>*From the start menu, type '''cmd''' and launch program*In the command terminal, enter the following two lines displayed below in your editing sessioncommand:<br><span style="font-familycolor:courierblue;font-weight:bold;font-size:.75em;">This is my file<br>It is a small filessh senecausername@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span> <br/td> <brtd># *Click ''Launchpad'Save'icon, type '' editing changes to your 'terminal'myfile.txt'' file and exit your text editor.<br><br># Change back to your and press '''homeENTER''' directory and confirm that you are located in your ''home'' directory.*In the terminal, enter the following command:<br><br>Let's run a '''shell script''' to check that you created the correct directories<brspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-size:.75em;">and that you created ssh senecausername@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span> </td> <td> *From the menu, choose:<br>'''Applications''myfile.txt'> '' file (with correct file contents) in the 'System Tools''~/from'> '' directory<br>before using the 'Terminal'scp'' Linux *In the terminal, enter the following command.:<br><br># Issue the following Linux command to run that checking script: <span stylespan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-familysize:courier.75em;">bash /home/murrayssh senecausername@matrix.senecacollege.saulca</scriptsspan> </week6-check-1td> </spantr><br/table><br># If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message, and proceed to the next step.<br><br><ol><li value="3">'''NOTE:'''NOTE:Make certain to open a ''' As previously mentioned, we will simulate using the scp on another instance of our Matrix servercommand-line terminal''' and <u>NOT</u> a <u>graphical</u> SSH application for this tutorial. <br>To make this work, we will need to edit a "start-up" file to place a special series of commands<brbr></li><brli># Use a text editor After logging into your Matrix account, issue to edit the following start-up file: '''~/.bashrcpwd'''command to confirm you are in your home directory.<br><br># Enter </li><li>Issue the following text (shown below) at Linux command to create the '''TOP''' of this startup filefollowing directory:<br><span style="color:#8B0000blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">[[ $- == *i* ]] || return mkdir ~/remote</span><br><br># '''Save''' editing changes </li><li>Change to the <b>~/remote</b> directory and confirm that you have changed to this startup file and exit your text editorthat directory.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command </li><li>Use a text editor to confirm that the '''~/destination''' directory is empty:create a text file called <brb><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ls ~/destinationmyfile.txt</spanb><br><br># Issue </li><li>Enter the following Linux command to copy the myfile.txt from two lines displayed below in your local server to your remote server (i.e. yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID):<br><editing session:<br><span style="colorfont-family:bluecourier;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp myfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:/destinationThis is my file<br>It is a small file</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You may be required </li><li><b>Save</b> editing changes to enter your ''myfile.txt'yes''' to have the public key sharedfile and exit your text editor.<br><br># When prompted, enter your Matrix </li><li>Let'''password'''.s run a <brb>shell script<br/b># Issue the same Linux command to check that you issued in '''step #13'''.created the <b>remote<br/b>directory<br>What did and that you notice?created the <brb>myfile.txt<br/b># Issue file (with correct file contents) in that directory.<br><br></li></li>Enter the following Linux command: <br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp myfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:~uli101/week6-check-1</span><br><br>Where do you think this file was copied to on your remote server?<br/li><brli># Issue If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the '''ls''' command for the home directory.checking script until you receive<br>a congratulations message, and proceed to the next step.<br>What do you see?<br>What does this tell you about how the previously-issued command works with just a colon?<br><brb># Issue the following Linux command (leaving-out the colon character at the end): NOTE:</b> We will now learn to transfer files between your <b><u>local<br/u>home computer<span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"/b>scp myfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.caand your </spanb><bru>remote<br/u>What happened?Matrix Linux server<br/b>.<br># Make certain that your current directory is your '''home''' directory.<br><br/li># Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script to ensure you created the CORRECT directories, created and copied the correct files: <br</ol><span style="color[[Image:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"cmd.png|thumb|right|350px|You are required to <u>bash '''remain'''</home/murray.saul/scripts/week6-check-u> in your '''local''' computer's command terminal for the remainder of this ''INVESTIGATION'' and ''INVESTIGATION 2'']]</spanol><brli value="12">'''Exit your Matrix ssh session''' but '''<u>remain<br/u># If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run ''' in the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.''command terminal''<br><br>:In the next investigation, you will use the on your '''''sftplocal''' Linux command to transfer (i.ecomputer. copy) files between servers.<br><br><span style="color:blue;">'''ATTENTION:''' You are required to <u>'''remain'''</u> in your '''local''' computer's command terminal for the remainder of this ''INVESTIGATION'' and ''INVESTIGATION 2''.</span><br><br></li><li>The <b>mkdir</b> command works with <i>MS Windows/UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers</i>.<br>Issue the following command on your <u>local</u> computer to<br>create a directory called <b>local</b>: <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">mkdir local</span><br><br></li><li>The <b>cd</b> command works with <i>MS Windows/UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers</i>.<br>Issue the following command on your <u>local</u> computer to<br>change to the <b>local</b> directory: <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">cd local</span><br><br></li><li>If you are using MS Windows on your local computer, issue the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">dir</span> command to confirm you are<br>in the ''local'' directory; otherwise, use the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">pwd</span> command.<br><br></li> <li>If you are in MS Windows, open the '''GRAPHICAL''' <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">NotePad</span> application to create a text file<br>(Otherwise, use the <b>nano</b> or <b>vi</b> text editor).<br><br></li><li>Enter a few lines of text, and if using '''Notepad''', then click on the <b>File</b> menu and select <b>save as</b><br>(save as the filename <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">other.txt</span> in your <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">local</span> directory) and then <b>exit</b> the <i>Notepad</i> text editor.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' if using another text editor, save your editing session and exit the text editor.<br><br></li><li>If your OS is MS Windows issue the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">dir</span> Windows command to view the contents of your current directory<br>(otherwise, issue the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">ls</span> command for other operating systems).<br><br>We will use the '''scp''' command to copy the <u>local</u> file called '''other.txt''' to your home directory on your <u>remote</u> Matrix Linux server.<br><br></li><li>Issue the following Linux command to copy the <b>other.txt</b> file from your local machine to your remote Matrix server<br>(replace yoursenecaid is <u>YOUR</u> Seneca ID and '''ADD A COLON : TO THE END OF THE COMMAND'''):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:</span><br><br></li><li>When prompted, enter your Matrix '''password'''.<br>[[Image:scp-diagram-2.png|thumb|right|350px|You can issue the ssh command, followed by a '''command''' that will be run on your '''remote''' computer,<br>but <u>display</u> command output on your '''local''' computer.]]<br><b>TIP:</b> You can issue the ssh command, followed by a command that will be run on your remote computer, but display on your local computer <b><u>without</u></b> having to establish a continuous connection to your remote Matrix server.<br><br></li><li>Issue the following command (using your matrix username):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l other.txt</span><br><br></li><li>When prompted, '''enter your password''' and press '''ENTER'''.<br><br>Do you see detailed information <b>other.txt</b> file? (look at bottom)<br>That command was run remotely on your Matrix server as confirmation that you securely copied that file to the home directory of the Matrix server.<br><br>Let's copy the file called '''myfile.txt''' in the '''~/remote''' directory that you created earlier in your Matrix account to your <b>local</b> directory on your home computer.<br><br></li><li>Issue the following Linux command (replace yoursenecaid is <u>YOUR</u> Seneca ID).<br> The period "." as '''second argument''' represents your <u>current</u> directory<br>on your <u>local</u> computer):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote/myfile.txt .</span><br><br></li><li>Issue the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">dir</span> or <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ls</span> command (depending on the OS of your <u>local</u> computer) to confirmed your properly copied that file from Matrix.<br><br></li><li>Use the '''Notepad''' application (or vi for other OS types) to create a text file called <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mytextfile.txt</span>,<br>type some text and then save in the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">local</span> directory of your computer.<br><br><li>Issue the <b>dir</b> or <b>ls</b> command (depending on your OS) to confirm that your newly-created file exists in your <b>local</b> directory.<br><br></li><li>We are going to intentionally make a '''<u>mistake</u>''' with the '''scp''' command.<br>Issue the following Linux command to copy the <b>mytextfile.txt</b> file from your local machine to your remote Matrix server<br>(replace yoursenecaid is <u>YOUR</u> Seneca ID and DO <u>NOT</u> INCLUDE THE : at the end of the command so see what happens):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp mytextfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>Did you notice anything different (i.e. no password)?<br><br></li><li>Issue the following command (using your matrix username):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l mytextfile.txt</span><br><br></li><li>When prompted, enter your password and press ENTER.<br><br><b>The file mytextfile.txt does NOT appear in your home directory on your Matrix server!<br>Note that the COLON was NOT added to the end of the command! Therefore, you MUST<br>remember to include the COLON : at the end of the hostname, or it will NOT remotely copy the file!</b><br><br></li><li>Issue the following command to properly copy that same file to your Matrix server:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp mytextfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:</span><br><br></li><li>Issue the following command to confirm that it was remotely copied to your <b>home</b> directory in Matrix:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l /home/yoursenecaid/mytextfile.txt</span><br><br>Do you see the output for the detailed file listing of <b>mytextfile.txt</b>?<br>What does this indicate?<br><br><li>Issue the following command to copy the '''other.txt''' file on your local computer to the '''~/remote''' directory in Matrix renaming it as '''different.txt''':<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote/different.txt</span><br><br></li><li>Issue the following command to confirm that the file was remotely copied to your '''~/remote''' directory in Matrix with a different filename:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l /home/yoursenecaid/remote/different.txt</span><br><br>Were you able to properly copy this file?<br><br>Let's issue a checking script remotely to see that you properly copied that file from your<br>local computer to your remote Linux server to both your <b>home</b> directory and <b>~/remote</b> directory.<br><br></li><li>Issue the following:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ~uli101/week6-check-2</span><br><br>If you encounter errors, re-run the scp commands to correct and re-run the above command until you receive a congratulations message.<br><br></li><li>Remain in the terminal on your <u>local</u> computer and proceed to ''INVESTIGATION 2''.<br><br></ol> :In the next investigation, you will use the '''sftp''' Linux command to transfer (i.e. copy) files between your local computer and the Matrix server.<br><br> <!-- RESIDUAL FROM LESS EFFECTIVE METHOD OF COPYING FILES BETWEEN SERVERS <span style="color:blue;">'''ATTENTION:''' Since the only server account you have is your '''Matrix''' server,<br>we will simulate using the scp command to copy from your '''Matrix''' server to<br>'''<u>another instance</u> of your Matrix server'''.<br><br>To make this work, we will need to edit a "start-up" file to place a special series of commands.<br>You will learn more about start-up files later in this course.</span><br><br># Use a text editor to edit the following start-up file: '''<span style="font-family:courier">~/.bashrc</span>'''<br><br># '''Copy''' and '''paste''' the following text (shown below) at the '''TOP''' of your startup file:<br><span style="font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">&#91;&#91; $- == *i* &#93;&#93; || return </span><br><br># '''Save''' editing changes to this startup file and exit your text editor.<br><br> --> =INVESTIGATION 2: FILE TRANSFER (SECURE FTP) = The '''SSH''' package on your ''home computer'' and on the ''Matrix Linux server''<br>contain a '''suite''' (i.e. collection)of secure utilities including '''ssh''' and '''sftp'''. 

<span style="color:blue;">Let'''NOTE:''' Since s look at using the only server account you have is your '''Matrixsftp''' server, we will simulate using the sftp command to transfer/copy from your '''Matrix''' server to '''<u>another instance</u> of on your Matrix server'''. You are NOT required to edit your 'local'.bashrc'' file to make this work since you already performed that operation in the previous investigationmachine.</span>

# Issue the following Linux commands to create the following directories:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mkdir ~/local<br>mkdir ~/remote</span><br><br>

# '''Save''' editing changes to the text files file and exit your text editor.<br><br>

# Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~uli101/week6-check-3</span><br><br>

# Issue the following ''sftp command'': <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">!pwdlpwd</span><br><br>What is the pathname? Which server does this represent: local or remote?<br><br>

# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''remote''' directory on your ''remote '' server:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">cd remote</span><br><br>

# Issue the following sftp command to change to the '''local''' directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd local</span><br><br># Issue the '''pwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''local'' directory on your local servercomputer.<br><br>

# Issue the '''ls''' sftp command to confirmed that you transferred/copied the file: '''thefile.txt'''<br><br>Let's create another directory on your local server computer called '''local2''' so we can learn to <u>download</u> a file from your remote directory.<br><br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' (without an argument) to change to your '''home''' directory:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd~</span><br><br># Issue the '''!pwdlpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that your current working directory on your local server computer is your home directory.<br><Br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' to create the following directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mkdir lmkdir local2</span><br><br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''local2''' directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd local2</span><br><br># Issue the !pwd '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm you have changed to the ''local2'' directory on your local servercomputer.<br><br>Let's learn to <u>download </u> a file from your remote server to your local servercomputer.<br><br># Issue the following '''sftp command''' to transfer your '''thefile.txt''' file from your remote directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">get thefile.txt</span><br><br># Issue the '''!lslls''' '''sftp command''' to confirm that you transferred/copied the file: thefile.txt on your local servercomputer.<br><br>

# Issue the '''ssh''' command to login to your Matrix server account.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command to confirm run a checking script to ensure you created the CORRECT directories, created and copied the correct files: <br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ~uli101/week6-check-3</span><br><br># If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.<br><br>   :Although it is important to learn how to use '''command-line sftp''' which is considered coverage for quizzes, midterm and final exam, there are '''graphical sftp applications''' available that are considered "user-friendly". The next investigation will show you how to transfer files between your local computer and your Matrix server graphically (assuming your local computer is running MS Windows).<br> === Graphical Application (Secure Shell) ===[[Image:graphical-sftp-application.png|thumb|right|200px|'''SSH Secure Shell Client''' has a graphical application to transfer files between computers.]]If you are back installed the graphical Secure Shell application in [https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#CONNECTING_TO_YOUR_MATRIX_ACCOUNT_FROM_A_GRAPHICAL_WINDOWS_APPLICATION TUTORIAL 1 INVESTIGATION 1], <br>you can run a '''graphical''' application from your computer desktop to transfer files between<br>your computer and your Matrix account.  Let's run the '''Secure Shell SFTP application''' to transfer files between computers.<br>This investigation assumes that your computer is a '''Windows''' machine. If you local computer<br>is '''NOT''' a ''Windows'' machine, you can <u>skip</u> this investigation.  '''Perform the Following Steps:''' # On your original serverlocal computer, open the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">NotePad</span> application to create a text file.<br><br># Enter a few lines of text, and then click on the <b>File</b> menu and select <b>save as</b><br>(save as the filename <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family: courier;">yourfile.txt</span> in your <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">hostnamelocal</span>directory)<br>and then <b>exit</b> the <i>Notepad</i> text editor.<br>Let<br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:graphical-sftp-icon.png|thumb|right|110px|Double Click on SFTP to launch graphical application.]]</td><td>[[Image:sftp-connect.png|thumb|right|200px|Using Quick Connect to login to your Matrix Linux server.]]</td></table># In your local computer's run a shell script command terminal, make certain that you are in the '''local''' directory, and if not, change to that directory.<br><br># Issue the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">dir</span> command for the '''local''' directory to confirm that you created the file called '''yourfile.txt'''<br><br># On your Windows desktop, point and '''double-click''' on the<br>'''SSH Secure file Transfer''' application icon.<br><br># The main Secure Shell SFTP application window should appear.<br><br>'''FYI:''' This application shows files on your home computer (on the left-side) and files on your remote Matrix computer on the right-side. You will NOT see if files<br>for your Matrix server since you have NOT logged into the Matrix server.<br><br># Click the '''Quick Connect''' button located in the Secure SFTP application window.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The Connect dialog box allows the user to specify the '''server name'''<br>and your '''account name''' to allow you to connect to the server.<br><br># Click on the textbox labelled '''Hostname''' and type the text: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br># Click on the textbox labelled '''User Name''' and type your Seneca username<br>(i.e. same as your Seneca userid).<br><br> # After entering the ''hostname'' and ''username'', click the '''Connect''' button.<br><br># Enter your Seneca password when prompted.<br><br># When you correctly connect to your Matrix account, you should see '''folders'''<br>in your remote server (i.e. Matrix server).<br><br>[[Image:graphical-sftp-application.png|thumb|right|250px|'''Click''' and '''drag''' file(s) to transfer between computers.]]# There are two sub-windows to represent your local computer on the <u>left</u><br>and the remote (Matrix) server on the <u>right</u>.<br><br># In the <u>left</u> (local computer) window, point and '''double-click''' on your Windows<br>profile name (i.e. ''username'') and then locate and '''double-click''' on the '''local''' directory.<br><br># In the <u>right</u> (remote Matrix server) window, navigate to the '''remote2''' directory<br>and '''double-click''' to move to that directory.<br><br># In the left window, click and drag the '''yourfile.txt''' file to the <u>right</u> window.<br><br># Check to see that the '''yourfile.txt''' file appears in the <u>right</u> window to confirm<br>that the file has been transferred/copied to your Matrix server.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You can select multiple files by using ''SHIFT-CLICK'' or ''CTRL-CLICK'' methods<br>and then click and drag file selections between your computers.<br><br># Take a few moments to noter other buttons for both local and remote serverswindows to<br>'''refresh the view''', '''delete file(s)''', '''navigate up to parent directory''', etc.<br><br># Click the '''File''' menu, and select '''Disconnect''' and then click '''OK''' to disconnect your sftp connection.<br><br># Make certain Now that you have disconnected, '''close''' the sftp application window.<br><br># Return to your current directory is command terminal on your home directory<u>local</u> computer (do '''NOT''' connect to Matrix!).<br><br># Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script to ensure confirm that you created transferred<br>the CORRECT directories, most recently-created and copied textfile to the correct files'''remote2''' directory in Matrix: <br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">bash /home/murrayssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.saul/scriptsca ~uli101/week6-check-4</span><br><br># When prompted, enter your password.<br><br>

:In the next investigation, you will learn an alternative way to transfer a file to another computer server by sending an e-mail message with an attached file.->

=INVESTIGATION 3: USING THE MAIL COMMAND TO SEND FILE ATTACHMENTS =In the next investigation, you will learn an alternative way to transfer a file to another computer server<br>by sending an '''e-mail message with an attached file'''.

In this sectioninvestigation, you will learn how to '''transfer ''' a file from your Matrix server to another computer system by sending <br>an '''email message ''' with a '''file attachment'''.

# Make certain that you are logged into connect and login to your '''Matrix''' account server and confirm that you are located in your '''home''' directory.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command(using your Seneca-ID):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca</span><br><br># When prompted, enter the '''subject line''': <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">Test Message</span><br>and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ENTER</SPAN><br><br># In the email message '''BODY''' section, type the following text displayed below(and press '''ENTER'''):<br><span style="font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">This is a test email message</span><br><br># Press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ctrl-d</span> to send your email message.<br><br>Did any output display after you sent this email message? If so, what What you do think it '''EOT''' stands for?<br><br># Launch a '''web-browser''', login into your '''Seneca email ''' account and check for new email messages.<br>Did you receive the email message that you sent from your Matrix server?<br><br>If you did NOT receive an e-mail message, check the '''JUNK''' or '''CLUTTER''' folders.<br>If you still did not receive an email message, return to your terminal and re-issue the '''mail''' command<br>making certain that you pressed <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ctrl-d</span> instead of pressing '''ctrl-c'''<br><br># Return to your terminal (i.e. Linux Bash shell ) and issue the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail -a ~/localremote/thefilemyfile.txt yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca</span><br><br>

# In the email message '''BODY''' section, type the following text displayed below(and press '''ENTER'''):<br><span style="font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"><br>This is a test email message with a file attachment</span><br><br>

# Switch to your Seneca email and check your Seneca for new email for messages. <br><br>Did you receive that email message? Does the email contain a file attachment?<br><br># Return to your Linux Bash shell and issue the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca &lt; ~/remote/myfile.txt</span><br><br>What happened? Were you prompted for subject and could you enter text in email body?<br>Did you see a file attachment as a separate file, or just text?<br><br># Check your email to see if you received your email message. If you did, what do you noticeregarding the subject line?<br><br>You should have noticed that there was '''NO''' customized '''subject line''',<br>since you redirected '''standard input''' (''stdin'') from the file, so there was no way<br>for the user to send a subject line.<br><br>You can use the '''-s''' option, followed by text (in quotes) to specify a '''subject line'''.<br><br># Return to your Linux Bash shell and issue the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail -s "email with attachment" yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca &lt; ~/localremote/thefilemyfile.txt</span><br><br>What happened?<br><br># Check your email to see if you received your email message. If you did, what do you noticethis time?<br><br>

https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101files/uli101_week6_practice.docx

# Write a Linux command to copy a file in the current directory called '''mytext.txt''' from your Matrix account to your account called '''user1 '''<br>on the Linux server domain name called '''tech.myserver.com''' to that user’s home directory.

# Write a Linux command to copy a file called '''~/project/linux.txt''' to the remote server called '''linux.techie.org'''<br>(your username for this remote server is the same username for your local server).<br><br>

# Assuming that you are connected to that server in ''question #4''. What is the sftp command to quit your current session?<br><br>

# Create a '''table''' listing each '''sftp command'''and it's purpose.  _________________________________________________________________________________ Author: Murray Saul License: LGPL version 3Link: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html _________________________________________________________________________________