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Created page with '{{Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix}} = Fedora-Style System Administration = Pidora is managed in the same way as most Linux systems (specifically, like a Fedora system, since most of …'
{{Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix}}
= Fedora-Style System Administration =
Pidora is managed in the same way as most Linux systems (specifically, like a Fedora system, since most of the software packages in Pidora come from the [[:fedora:Architecture/ARM|Fedora ARM]] project).
If you're new to Linux system administration or are coming from another distribution (such as Ubuntu), here are some quick tips on Fedora Remix system administration:
== Root Privilege: root, consolehelper, su, and sudo ==
Linux is designed for use by multiple users. Most users do not have access (privilege) to perform system administration operations or to read other users' files, unless specifically granted permission. This security division also makes it harder for malicious web or e-mail content to exploit a bug to attack the core of the operating system.
The "root" user has full privilege -- she can do anything. There are four ways to gain root privilege:
# '''Login as "root" and enter the root password.''' This is useful when you can't log in as any other user. It is unwise to run applications as root unnecessarily -- for example, if you run a web browser as root, and a remote site exploits a security bug in the browser, then running the browser as root could enable the remote attacker could add or remove software or perform other administrative tasks.
# '''Use an application that is hooked into the ''consolehelper'' system''', such as <code>system-config-network</code>. You will be prompted for a password (either the user password or the root password, depending on the application configuration) and then the application will run with enhanced privilege. Most of the applications on the Administration menu in the graphical interface work this way.
# '''Use the "su" command to switch users''' (by default, it will switch to the root user). Type <code>su</code> and press enter, and enter the root password when prompted. This is useful when you have a number of system administration commands you want to run in a row. However, you must remember to switch back to your regular user account as soon as you no longer require privilege -- to do so, type <code>exit</code> or press Ctrl-D (for "Done"!).
# '''Use the <code>sudo</code> command to switch users for the duration of one command.'''
#* This option requires that your account be configured with administrator access (you mush be in the "wheel" group). If you selected the "Add to administrators group" option during firstboot, this will already be set up for you. To add this access to other accounts, execute this command as root: <code>usermod -aG wheel ''username''</code>
#* To execute a command as root, just write "sudo" in front of the command. You will be asked for ''your'' password, and the command will be executed as the root user. For example: <code>sudo ''yum install inkscape''</code>
== Updating, Adding, and Removing Software ==
The Remix uses RPM packages with the YUM package manager. This provides a database of all of the software installed on the system, a way to install/remove/update software packages without breaking software dependencies, and network access to remote software repositories.
Adding/removing software with YUM requires an Internet connection.
=== Package Management from the Command Line ===
These are the most common YUM commands:
* Update software:
** <code>yum update ''packagename''</code> # Updates just the one package.
** <code>yum update</code> # Updates all packages
* Search for a package by name:
** <code>yum list ''packagename''</code> # Will match only ''packagename''.
** <code>yum list "*''partialname''*"</code> # Will match any package with ''partialname'' in the package name.
* Search for a package by name or description:
** <code>yum search ''text''</code>
* Display information about a package:
** <code>yum info ''packagename''</code>
* Install a package:
** <code>yum install ''packagename''</code> # More than one ''packagename'' may be given.
* Install a package group:
** <code>yum groupinstall "''groupname''"</code>
** <code>yum install "@''groupname''"</code> # Useful if you want to install some individual packages and a group at the same time.
* List package groups:
** <code>yum grouplist</code>
* List the packages in a group:
** <code>yum groupinfo "''groupname''"</code>
* Remove a package:
** <code>yum remove "''packagename''"</code> # Beware! This will also remove packages which depend on what you're removing. Read the list of packages to be removed carefully before approving it.
* Remove a package group:
** <code>yum groupremove "''groupname''"<code>
** <code>yum remove "@''groupname''"</code> # Useful if you want to remove some individual packages and a group at the same time.
For more information, see the manpage for <code>yum</code>.
=== Package Management Using the Graphical User Interface ===
To update software graphically, use the menu option Administration > Software Update
To add/remove software graphically, use the menu option Administration > Add and Remove Software
== Adding and removing Users ==
=== User Management from the Command Line ===
* Add a user:
** <code>useradd ''name''</code> # The -m option required on some systems is not needed - the user's home directory will be created automatically.
** <code>useradd -c "''Full Name''" ''username''</code>
* Set a password:
** <code>passwd ''username''</code>
* Delete a user:
** <code>userdel ''username''</code>
** <code>userdel -r ''username''</code> # Caution! This deletes the user's files as well.
=== User Management from the Graphical User Interface ===
To manage users graphically, use the menu option Administration > Users and Groups
= Fedora-Style System Administration =
Pidora is managed in the same way as most Linux systems (specifically, like a Fedora system, since most of the software packages in Pidora come from the [[:fedora:Architecture/ARM|Fedora ARM]] project).
If you're new to Linux system administration or are coming from another distribution (such as Ubuntu), here are some quick tips on Fedora Remix system administration:
== Root Privilege: root, consolehelper, su, and sudo ==
Linux is designed for use by multiple users. Most users do not have access (privilege) to perform system administration operations or to read other users' files, unless specifically granted permission. This security division also makes it harder for malicious web or e-mail content to exploit a bug to attack the core of the operating system.
The "root" user has full privilege -- she can do anything. There are four ways to gain root privilege:
# '''Login as "root" and enter the root password.''' This is useful when you can't log in as any other user. It is unwise to run applications as root unnecessarily -- for example, if you run a web browser as root, and a remote site exploits a security bug in the browser, then running the browser as root could enable the remote attacker could add or remove software or perform other administrative tasks.
# '''Use an application that is hooked into the ''consolehelper'' system''', such as <code>system-config-network</code>. You will be prompted for a password (either the user password or the root password, depending on the application configuration) and then the application will run with enhanced privilege. Most of the applications on the Administration menu in the graphical interface work this way.
# '''Use the "su" command to switch users''' (by default, it will switch to the root user). Type <code>su</code> and press enter, and enter the root password when prompted. This is useful when you have a number of system administration commands you want to run in a row. However, you must remember to switch back to your regular user account as soon as you no longer require privilege -- to do so, type <code>exit</code> or press Ctrl-D (for "Done"!).
# '''Use the <code>sudo</code> command to switch users for the duration of one command.'''
#* This option requires that your account be configured with administrator access (you mush be in the "wheel" group). If you selected the "Add to administrators group" option during firstboot, this will already be set up for you. To add this access to other accounts, execute this command as root: <code>usermod -aG wheel ''username''</code>
#* To execute a command as root, just write "sudo" in front of the command. You will be asked for ''your'' password, and the command will be executed as the root user. For example: <code>sudo ''yum install inkscape''</code>
== Updating, Adding, and Removing Software ==
The Remix uses RPM packages with the YUM package manager. This provides a database of all of the software installed on the system, a way to install/remove/update software packages without breaking software dependencies, and network access to remote software repositories.
Adding/removing software with YUM requires an Internet connection.
=== Package Management from the Command Line ===
These are the most common YUM commands:
* Update software:
** <code>yum update ''packagename''</code> # Updates just the one package.
** <code>yum update</code> # Updates all packages
* Search for a package by name:
** <code>yum list ''packagename''</code> # Will match only ''packagename''.
** <code>yum list "*''partialname''*"</code> # Will match any package with ''partialname'' in the package name.
* Search for a package by name or description:
** <code>yum search ''text''</code>
* Display information about a package:
** <code>yum info ''packagename''</code>
* Install a package:
** <code>yum install ''packagename''</code> # More than one ''packagename'' may be given.
* Install a package group:
** <code>yum groupinstall "''groupname''"</code>
** <code>yum install "@''groupname''"</code> # Useful if you want to install some individual packages and a group at the same time.
* List package groups:
** <code>yum grouplist</code>
* List the packages in a group:
** <code>yum groupinfo "''groupname''"</code>
* Remove a package:
** <code>yum remove "''packagename''"</code> # Beware! This will also remove packages which depend on what you're removing. Read the list of packages to be removed carefully before approving it.
* Remove a package group:
** <code>yum groupremove "''groupname''"<code>
** <code>yum remove "@''groupname''"</code> # Useful if you want to remove some individual packages and a group at the same time.
For more information, see the manpage for <code>yum</code>.
=== Package Management Using the Graphical User Interface ===
To update software graphically, use the menu option Administration > Software Update
To add/remove software graphically, use the menu option Administration > Add and Remove Software
== Adding and removing Users ==
=== User Management from the Command Line ===
* Add a user:
** <code>useradd ''name''</code> # The -m option required on some systems is not needed - the user's home directory will be created automatically.
** <code>useradd -c "''Full Name''" ''username''</code>
* Set a password:
** <code>passwd ''username''</code>
* Delete a user:
** <code>userdel ''username''</code>
** <code>userdel -r ''username''</code> # Caution! This deletes the user's files as well.
=== User Management from the Graphical User Interface ===
To manage users graphically, use the menu option Administration > Users and Groups