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= Secondary Sources =

'''Monkey can receive BCI input'''

* http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=cant-touch-this-feeling

'''Unravelling the Intricacy of the Brain'''

* http://www.ted.com/talks/ed_boyden.html

'''Brain Controller Prosthetic Arms'''

* http://medgadget.com/2011/04/undergraduate_engineers_develop_braincontrolled_prosthetic_arm.html

* http://www.spinalcordinjury-paralysis.org/research/2011/03/17/thought-control-of-robotic-arm

* http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-02/darpas-brain-controlled-robotic-arm-could-be-available-just-four-years

'''General information'''

* http://gerstner.felk.cvut.cz/biolab/bionika2004/cepek/bci.html

* http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2011/5/107704-brain-computer-interfaces-for-communication-and-control/fulltext

*http://computer.howstuffworks.com/brain-computer-interface.htm

*http://emotiv.com/

#*http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/102927-brain-computer-interfaces-creep-closer-to-bionic-mecha-dream

'''Error Recovery'''

* http://www.saminverso.com/res/thesis/inversoThesis.pdf

'''Wikipedia Article'''

* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface

'''InterAxon - Toronto Based Company that is Implementing this Technology'''

* http://interaxon.ca

= Prioritized Note Record =

==Questions & Answer==

'''How does the Brain actually Interface with BCI's?'''

* Neurons

* Electroencephalography

* Electroencephalography'''Research on Electroencephalography (EEG)'''

EEG’s are sensors that can detect brain activity produced by neurons in the human brain. Multiple EEG’s are required to accurately measure the true electrical output of the human brain. EEG technology is actively being used in the health sector to diagnose victims of epileptic seizures and various other conditions that deal with the human brain.

EEG also has some characteristics that compare favorably with behavioral testing:

§ * EEG can detect covert processing (i.e., processing that does not require a response) § * EEG can be used in subjects who are incapable of making a motor response § * Some ERP components can be detected even when the subject is not attending to the stimuli § * Unlike other means of studying reaction time, ERPs can elucidate stages of processing (rather than just the final end result)

(Wikipedia:Electroencephalography 2011)

'''Methodology'''

This process involves placing many electrodes on the scalp. The scalp has to be prepared by applying a light abrasion to its surface. Each electrode is connected to an amplifier which amplifies the electricity produced in the brain. This analog signal is then converted to a digital signal by digitizing the output. The electrical output has to be filtered so that the intended results are read and are not clouded by clumps of data. The resultant information can be read and used by the computer through Brain Computer Interfaces.

'''Neuroplasticity'''

* Neuroplasticity

Research on Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity is the ability of the brain to structurally and functionally change itself. This ability allows humans to effectively overcome damage to certain parts of their brain. It also brings to knowledge that there is not one specific region of the brain responsible for a certain sense. Neuroplasticity allows humans to develop new habits based on their experiences and thus exemplifies the ability of the brain to dynamically evolve over time.

'''Research on Monkeys'''

There has been considerable research on monkeys that has yielded results. These results include observations of change the neurological pathways of their brains. This evidence has concluded that the brain truly does have elasticity.

'''Testing on Humans'''

~~Testing~~ Neuroplasticity has been proven in humans as well. More evidently in blind people who through the use of machinery have been able to see. Here is an example of this experiment: “machine was one of the first and boldest applications of neuroplasticity.”[11] The patient sat in an electrically stimulated chair that had a large camera behind it which scanned the area, sending electrical signals of the image to four hundred vibrating stimulators on ~~Humans~~the chair against the patient’s skin. The six subjects of the experiment were eventually able to recognize a picture of the supermodel Twiggy. (Doidge, Norman (2007). The Brain That Changes Itself: Stories of Personal Triumph from the frontiers of brain science. New York: Viking. ISBN 9780670038305.)

Neuroplasticity has been proven in humans as well. More evidently in blind people who through the use of machinery have been able to see. Here is an example of this experiment: “machine was one of the first and boldest applications of neuroplasticity.”[11] The patient sat in an electrically stimulated chair that had a large camera behind it which scanned the area, sending electrical signals of the image to four hundred vibrating stimulators on the chair against the patient’s skin. The six subjects of the experiment were eventually able to recognize a picture of the supermodel Twiggy. (Doidge, Norman (2007). The Brain That Changes Itself: Stories of Personal Triumph from the frontiers of brain science. New York: Viking. ISBN 9780670038305.)

'''Has this Technology been successful in practice?'''

* Semi-Invasive

'''Is this technology capable of scaling? Right now we have can handle simple interactions with BCIs but what about more complex ones such as picking out an exact thought?'''

* Emotions are a subject for concern since emotions alter patterns in signals.

* Scope of BCI abilities(fields of interest ex. Military, Medical, Commercial, Entertainment etc.)

'''Human Computer Interaction Vs Brain Computer Interfaces'''

* Possibilities?

'''Further Research'''

* Information transportation: can this information being sent be used without wires ie. Wireless.

Jbraffoul

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