:'''The concept of collaborating on-line is <u>not</u> new'''. Even the predecessor to the Internet ('''ARPAnet''') which was developed by the U.S. military in the 60's was a system of networked computers and communication systems used as a deterrent for an adversary to make the of a Soviet "first nuclear strike", thus creating the '''MAD doctrine''' (Mutually Assured Destruction). This, in turn, led to reduction of nuclear arms and non-proliferation treaties. In the 70s and 80s, there was a need for nuclear and rocket scientist to collaborate in order to advance nuclear missile research (since each department . All scientists needed to a way see the "big picture" as opposed to only their own particular contribution. It just do happened to be that Since '''these scientists worked in research organizations, like universities and colleges, allowing this allowed other participants, such as instructors and students , to start using those also use many of these collaboration tools such as e-mail, and web-browsers accessing the World Wide Web'''.