:* Learn how to access your '''Matrix''' server account (from a remote home and/or from Seneca computerlab).

:* Perform the Issue a '''first two sections on the online assignment #1checking program''' (i.e. ''Shell Script'') to issue '''general Linux commandsconfirm'''that you accessed your Matrix account.

|colspan="2" |'''Slides:'''<ul><li>Week 1 Lecture 1 Notes:<br> [https://github.com/ULI101/slides/raw/main/ULI101-1.1.pdf PDF] | [https://ictgithub.senecacollegecom/ULI101/slides/raw/main/ULI101-1.1.capptx PPTX]</li><li>Week 1 Lecture 2 Notes:<br> [https://~murraygithub.saulcom/uli101ULI101/slides/raw/main/ULI101-Week11.2.pdf PDF] | [https://ictgithub.senecacollege.cacom/ULI101/slides/~murray.saulraw/uli101main/ULI101-Week11.2.pptx PPTX]<br></li></ul>'''Tutorials:'''<ul><li>[[https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#INVESTIGATION_1:_ACCESSING_YOUR_MATRIX_LINUX_ACCOUNT HOWTO: Access Your Matrix Account]]</li><li>[http://czegel.com/seneca/uli101/lectures/Lecture1.html Les Czegel's Week 1 Notes (HTML)]</li></ul>'''Windows SSH client Software:'''<ul><li>[http://www.sfsu.edu/ftp/win/ssh/SSHSecureShellClient-3.2.9.exe SSH/SFTP]</li><li>[httphttps://thewww.chiark.greenend.earthorg.liuk/%7Esgtatham~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.exe html Putty]</li><li>[https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-client-download Bitvise SSH Client]</li><li>[https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/download-home-edition.html MovaXterm]</li></ul>

| style="padding-left:15px;" |'''Matrix Account Access:'''

'''Command Line Editing:'''

| style="padding-left:15px;"|'''General Linux Commands:'''

|colspan="1" style="padding-left:15px;" width="30%"|'''Brauer Instructional Videos:'''<ul><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEH6i_BKOBo&list=PLU1b1f-2Oe90TuYfifnWulINjMv_Wr16N&index=2&t=0s L5RcOngDV_o Connecting to Matrix Using SSH Client, Starting the Assignments, and Running UBUNTU Within Windows 10]<br><br></li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wZmZOKLllk&list=PLU1b1f-2Oe90TuYfifnWulINjMv_Wr16N&index=2 Linux File System, Basic Navigation (ls, cd, pwd, tree), Absolute and Relative Paths]</li></ul>

| style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Learning Content Management System (''Link to Resources'' / ''Student Grades '' / Notes / ''Online Quizzes'')

| style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Main ICT WebserverOnline access to slides, documents via webpage links

| style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Course WIKIs for Seneca College Students''Student Notes'' / ''Tutorials'' (weekly, review) / ''Practice Questions'' / ''Resources''

| style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Linux Account for Student "''hands-on Practice and Assignment submission''"

Although you need to study concepts throughout this course(slides, etc.), you will also need to learn to get '''issue simple hands-on practice running Linux commands as well as more advanced Linux commandsperforming and submitting online tutorials'''. <br>This requires that you practice issuing Linux commands on a frequent basis to become more comfortable when working within the '''Unixconnect to a Linux server''' and become comfortable with '''issuing Linux command-line environmentscommands'''.

For this course, it is important to learn how to '''open a command prompt in order to issue commands to perform common tasks'''. In Unix/Linux, a '''shell''' is simply an '''interface / interpreter ''' to allow a user to communicate with the Linux computer system (server). Linux shells have evolved (improved) over a period of time. You will be using the '''Bash Shell''' which is considered to be ''user-friendly''. By understanding how to issue Linux commands, you can create a file that contains Linux commands (called a '''shell script''') later in this course to automate tasks to make you a more '''productive''' Linux user and system administrator.

[[Image:matrix-layout.png|thumb|right|250px|The Matrix server consists of several Virtual Computers all connected together to form a '''cluster'''. A '''Linux Cluster ''' is a '''cost effective''' alternative to larger servers. ]]

The '''Matrix server ''' consists of '''several Virtual Computers computers connected together''' to form a '''cluster'''.<br>A '''Linux cluster ''' is a '''cost effective''' alternative to buying larger servers.

:* Performing '''Linux Practice Tutorials'''('''11''')

:* Performing '''Online Linux AssignmentsReview Tutorial Questions''' ('''32''')

===Connecting to the Seneca Global PortalStudent VPN===[[Image:gp1.png|thumb|right|130px|'''Seneca Global PortalStudent VPN''' ]]

Seneca College is "rolling-out" additional measures to improve '''network security'''. One of these measures<br>is to implement '''multi-factored authentication'''. As of '''September 2020''', all Seneca College students are required<br>to connect to the '''Seneca Global PortalStudent VPN''' in order to be able to connect to their '''Matrix''' Linux account.<br><br>''<b>Multi-factor authentication</b> is an electronic authentication method in which a computer user is granted access to a website or application only after successfully presenting two or more pieces of evidence (or factors) to an authentication mechanism: knowledge (something the user and only the user knows).'' Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-factor_authentication<br><br>You should have received an email message (also available in course announcements) regarding how to setup you your Smart Phone to connect and valid via the Seneca Global PortalStudent VPN. '''NOTE:''' If you haven't done this yet, please perform the steps provided in the following link:<br>https://employeesstudents.senecacollege.ca/spaces/77186/it-services/wiki/view/37221025/student-vpn<br><br>

[[Image:cli-prompt.png|right|80px|]]After There are two basic methods to connecting to the Seneca Global Portal, you can open a terminal in your '''Newer Windows 10''', '''Mac''' or '''Linux''' computer<br>and issue the following command:<br><br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;">ssh senecauserid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>[[Image:ssh-application-icon.png|right|80px|]]You can also click on the following link to '''download''' and '''install''' a graphical SSH application for your Windows machine:<br>httpMatrix account://www.sfsu.edu/ftp/win/ssh/SSHSecureShellClient-3.2.9.exe<br><br>

=INVESTIGATION [[Image:cls-shell.png|thumb|right|100px|Connect to Matrix via'''ssh''' command]]:'''Method 1: ACCESSING YOUR MATRIX LINUX ACCOUNT=Run ssh Command from command prompt:'''

You need :After connecting to run an application (the '''Seneca Student VPN''', you can open a '''command terminal'''<br>in your '''Newer Windows 10''', '''Mac''' or '''Linux''' computer and issue the following command) called :<br><br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;">ssh senecauserid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>[[Image:ssh-main-window.png|thumb|right|100px|Connect to Matrix via '''graphical''' SSH Program ]]:'''Method 2: Run graphical ssh program via MyApps in Seneca computer lab:''':If you are in a Seneca computer lab, you can use MyApps to run a '''graphical SSHapplication''' for your Windows machine. One advantage of using this method is that you are already at Seneca and are NOT required to connect to the student VPN.<br><br>''' NOTE:''' You instructor may show you how to run a graphic Linux VM in order to securely connect to your Matrix Linux account(if interested, refer to the optional tutorial at the end of this semester).<br><br>so you can issue Linux commands, perform tutorials and online assignments.<br>

In this investigation, you will learn how to connect and login to your Matrix account by issuing a command from your computer's text-based terminal<br>and/or by downloading, installing a running a graphical Windows SSH graphical application.<!--  HIDE UNTIL STUDENTS RETURN TO COLLEGE AFTER PANDEMIC CRISIS   [[Image=INVESTIGATION 1:apps-anywhere-main-window.png|thumb|right|250px|'''MyApps''' ('''AppsAnywhere''') Main Window ]]If you were able to access one of Seneca computer labs, you could access an application to connect to your Matrix account via the '''MyApps''' application.ACCESSING YOUR MATRIX LINUX ACCOUNT=

Since many students are <span style="color:red;">'''notATTENTION''' permitted to access Seneca: Effective '''May 9, 2022'''s computer labs at - this time due online tutorial will be required to be completed by<br>'''COVID19Friday in week 2 by midnight''', you can install and run the to obtain a grade of '''AppsAnywhere2%''' application (which works in an identical way to MyApps) on a remote Windows computer. This application is an application streaming service that lets you install software on any Seneca PC on demand. Any software application on the AppsAnywhere menu can be used on computers in classrooms, labs, and the Computing Commons.towards this course</span><br><br>

ReferenceIn this section, you will learn how to access your Matrix Linux account by two different methods: https://inside.senecacollege.ca/its/software/myapps/

:* From your '''NOTE:home computer''' Although you can install and run the AppsAnywhere application on an Apple Mac computer, you will NOT have access to many of the Windows applications (including applications to connect to your Matrix account). In this case, you can open <br>:* From a '''terminalworkstation in a Seneca College''' and issue the lab via '''sshMyApps''' command to connect to your Matrix account.

===METHOD 1: CONNECTING TO YOUR MATRIX ACCOUNT FROM A COMMAND LINE TERMINALYOUR HOME COMPUTER===

[[Image:gp1.png|thumb|right|130px|The '''Global PortalSeneca Student VPN''' service must be connected.]]

'''Perform the Following Steps:'''# Before proceedingIf you want to connect to your Matrix account from home, make you MUST first connect to the Seneca Student VPN.<br>Make certain that your '''Seneca Global Portal Student VPN is connected'''.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you haven't set this up, refer to the following link for instructions;<br>https://employeesstudents.senecacollege.ca/spaces/77186/it-services/wiki/view/37221025/student-vpn<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You only have to connect to your Seneca Global Portal student VPN once during the day, <br>or while you are logged into your computer.<br><br># Determine which '''operating system ''' that your computer is using.<br><br># Try connecting to your Matrix account using the instructions in the '''table ''' below based on <u>your</u> '''current operating system'''.<br><br>

*Launch Click ''Launchpad'Terminal'icon, type '' from the 'terminal''finder'<br>and press '''ENTER''' utility

*From the menu, choose:<br>'''Applications''' > '''System Tools''' > '''Terminal'''.

<ol><li value="4">When connecting securely for the '''first time''', a '''dialog box ''' will appear to share a "'''public key'''" with your Matrix account in order to make your interaction between your workstation and the remote Linux server secure within the network (i.e. encrypted to prevent unauthorized access by other users)<br><br>'''<b>FYI:''' </b> To make communications over a network '''secure''', a computer generates '''two keys''': a '''private key''' that is kept on the computer, and a '''public key''', which can be shared with other computers. Transmissions from your computer uses the private key to encrypt ('''scramble''') transmission to the remote computer, which in turn, uses the public key to decrypt (unscramble) the transmission. Likewise, the remote computer uses the public key to encrypt (scramble) transmissions and your computer uses the private key to decrypt ('''unscramble''') those transmissions.''<br><br></li><li>Type '''yes''' and press '''ENTER''' to share your public key.<br><br>Next, a '''dialog box ''' will appear prompting you for your Matrix account '''password''' in order to gain entry to your Matrix account. <br>Your Matrix password is <u>identical </u> to your Seneca password. <br><br>'''NOTE:''' As you type the password, the text will may be blocked-out or '''hidden ''' to prevent others from viewing the screen to obtain your password<br><br></li><li>Enter your Seneca password and press '''ENTER'''<br><br></li>'''NOTE:''' If you encounter an '''error message''', this can occur for several reasons:<ol><li>You mis-spelled the '''name of the server'''</li><li>You mis-spelled your Matrix '''username''' (same username that you connect to ''my.senecacollege.ca'')</li><li>You have '''CAPS LOCK''' on by mistake (your username should be '''lowercase''' only).</li><li>You mis-spelled your '''password''' (same password that you connect to ''my.senecacollege.ca'')<br><br>If you continue to experience the same problems, click on the following link for IT service desk contact info: <br>[https://employeesstudents.senecacollege.ca/spaces/122190/support/wiki/view/35241473/contact-its '''IT service desk'''].<br><br></li></ol><li>If you entered your password correctly, the '''Matrix Linux shell''' should appear where you can enter Linux commands.<br><br>The '''Matrix''' server has been configured to allow users to '''only interact with the Linux OS by issuing commands'''.<br>The main reason for this is to '''force students to learn how to issue Linux commands'''.<br><br></li><li>To '''exit ''' your Matrix session, type the command <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">exit</span> followed by '''ENTER'''<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You should notice that you are returned to the original command prompt where you issued the ''ssh'' command.<br><br></li><li>type Type the same command at the '''command terminal prompt''': <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">exit</span> followed by '''ENTER'''<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You should notice that the you are disconnected and that the original terminal window has '''automatically closed'''.<br><br></li><li>Try accessing your Matrix account, and then exiting your Matrix account several times to become familiar with this process.<br><br>You will now learn an '''alternative method ''' to access your Matrix account (if you have an MS Windows machine)<br>by downloading and running a graphical SSH application.</li></ol><br> ===METHOD 2: CONNECTING TO YOUR MATRIX ACCOUNT FROM SENECA COMPUTER LAB=== <span style="color:red;font-weight:bold;">NOTE: This section requires you have access to a Seneca computer lab on campus.<br>If you don't have access to a Seneca computer lab this semester, then you can skip this section</span><br><br>  You can also connect to your Matrix server account in the '''Seneca Computer lab via MyApps'''.<br><br>One advantage of this method is that your are at the college; therefore, '''you do NOT have to worry about connecting to the Seneca VPN'''. Another advantage of using this method is to introduce you to a '''graphical program''' to allow you connect to your Matrix account as opposed to using the '''ssh''' command (shown in the previous section).<br> [[Image:apps-anywhere-main-window.png|thumb|right|250px|'''MyApps''' ('''AppsAnywhere''') Main Window ]]This method would also be useful if you do '''not''' have a home (notebook) computer and have access to a Seneca computer lab workstation.<br><br>

You can also install and run a free '''MS Windows graphical SSH application''' in order to connect to your Matrix accountReference: https://inside.<br>You may find it useful when running a graphical SSH application to '''copy and paste text'''senecacollege. There are several applications<br>that you can download and install, but we will be using the SSH Secure Shell Client application for this tutorial.<br><br>ca/its/software/myapps/

HARD TO GET STUDENTS TO RUN APPS ANYWHERE FROM HOME DUE TO PANDEMICYou will now use '''MyApps''' on your Windows workstation in your Seneca lab room to launch an application<br>to allow you to connect and login to your Matrix server account.COMMENTING OUT THIS SECTIONS UNTIL THE STUDENTS RETURN TO COLLEGESHOWING JUST TO INSTALL GRAPHICAL [[Image:apps-anywhere.png|thumb|right|250px|Several SSH applications will appear. We will use the application called '''SSH APPLICATION INSTEADClient''' for this practice tutorial. ]]

# Start your workstation in your lab and login to your Seneca Windows account.<br><br># Make certain that the '''ClickMyApps''' window is open. This window should have opened shortly after you logged into your Windows workstation. If the application windows is not open, click on the following '''linkMyApps''' icon on the desktop to download and install the free SSH Secure Shell application on your Windows computer:<br>http://www.sfsu.edu/ftp/win/ssh/SSHSecureShellClient-3.2.9launch).exe<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ssh-applicationmain-iconwindow.png|thumb|right|75px150px|DoubleSSH Client Application Window ]]<span style="color:red;font-weight:bold;">NOTE: You may be required to validate in order to use MyApps correctly. If you see near the top of the screen "requires validation", then click SSH icon on desktop that area to connect to launch application]]validate.</tdspan><tdbr>[[Image<br># Click on the '''Search Apps''' area located in the top right corner of the MyApps window and type the word: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ssh-main-window.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Client Application Window ]]</tdspan></tablebr><br># After the application has been installed, an application icon should Several SSH applications will appear on . <br><br>'''NOTE:''' All of these applications allow you to connect to your desktopMatrix account.<br>We will use the application called '''Double clickSSH Secure Shell Client''' for this practice tutorial.<br><br># Launch the '''SSH Secure Shell Client''' application iconto launch this program.<br><br>The main SSH Client [[Image:quick-connect-window will appear. Letpng|thumb|right|150px|Quick Connect Dialog Box ]]'''s learn how NOTE:''' Prior to connect launching the application, you can add this to and login to our Matrix accountyour '''favourites''' which will make it faster<br>using to access this graphical SSH applicationin the future.<br><br># The main SSH Client window will appear. Click on the '''Quick Connect''' button.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The Connect dialog box allows the user to specify the '''server name''' and your '''account name'''<br>to allow you to connect to the server.<br><br>[[Image:quick-connect-window.png|thumb|right|150px|Quick Connect Dialog Box ]]# Click on the textbox labelled '''Hostname''' Hostnanme and type enter the text: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You can use the hostname '''matrix''' since you are located <u>'''inside'''</u> Seneca's network.<br>If you where located <u>outside</u> Seneca's network, then you would need to enter the full domain name: '''matrix.senecacollegesenecac.on.ca'''<br>You will be using the latter hostname since you will be connecting to your Matrix account remotely and not within the college.<br><br>[[Image:share-public-key.png|thumb|right|150px|Dialog Box to Share Public Key on Remote Server ]]# Click on the textbox labelled '''User Name''' and type your Seneca username (i.e. same as your Seneca userid.<br><br> # Click the '''Connect''' button.<br><br># When connecting securely for the '''first time''', a dialog box will appear to share a "public key" with your Matrix account in order to make your interaction between your workstation and the remote Linux server secure within the network<br>(i.e. encrypted to prevent unauthorized access by other users)<br><br>'''FYI:''' To make communications over a network secure, a computer generates '''two keys''': a '''private key''' that is kept on the computer, and a '''public key''', which can be shared with other computers. Transmissions from your computer uses the private key to encrypt (scramble) transmission to the remote computer, which in turn, uses the public key to decrypt (unscramble) the transmission. Likewise, the remote computer uses the public key to encrypt (scramble) transmissions and your computer uses the private key to decrypt (unscramble) those transmissions.<br><br>[[Image:ssh-password-prompt.png|thumb|right|150px|Password Dialog Box ]]

# Next, a dialog box will appear prompting you for your '''Matrix account password''' in order to gain entry to your Matrix account. Your Matrix password is identical to your Seneca password. As you type the password, the text will be blocked-out or hidden to prevent others from viewing the screen to obtain your password<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ssh-password-prompt.png|thumb|right|150px|Password Dialog Box ]]</td><td>[[Image:ssh-authentication-response.png|thumb|right|150px|Authentication Response Dialog Box ]]</tdbr></tablebr># Enter your password and click '''Enter your passwordOK''' and click or press '''OKENTER'''.<br><br>[[Image:ssh-login-error.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Login Error ]]# Click '''OK''' or press '''ENTER''' at the '''Authentication Response''' dialog box.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you encounter an '''error message''', this can occur for several reasons:<ol><li>You mis-spelled the '''name of the server'''</li><li>You mis-spelled your Matrix '''username''' (same username that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)</li><li>You have '''CAPS LOCK''' on by mistake (your username should be '''lowercase''' only).</li><li>You mis-spelled your '''password''' (same password that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)</li></ol><br>If you continue to experience the same problems,<br>click on the following link for IT service desk contact info: <br>[https://insidestudents.senecacollege.ca/itsspaces/190/support/wiki/view/1473/servicecontact-catalogue/contacts.html its '''IT service desk'''].<br><br>[[Image:ssh-shell-window.png|thumb|right|150px|Matrix Shell Command Line Interface ]]#If you followed the login steps entered your password correctly, the '''main SSH Linux shell should appear''' where you enter Linux commands.<br><br>The '''Matrix''' server has been configured to allow users to '''only interact with the Linux OS by issuing commands'''. There are various reasons for this, but the main 2 reasons are to '''force students to learn how to issue Linux commands''' as well as '''limitations to remote access to a graphical Linux server''' due to large number of users (students).<br><br> '''Configuring your Graphical Windows [[Image:ssh-settings-window.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Application'''Settings Dialog Box ]]

You can '''configure''' your Windows graphical the SSH application to adjust elements such as<br>the '''window size''' and '''text font type''' and text '''font size'''. [[Image:ssh-settings-window.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Settings Dialog Box ]]<br><br>We will now show be showing you how to configure just your '''SSH Secure Shell Client''' application,<br>(FYI: but the other SSH applications available in the '''Week 1 reference section''' also have the ability can allow you to configure their settings).<br><br>

# You now should notice that you have customized your SSH shell terminal. You can use the settings screen<br>to also change your background and text '''colours''' if you are interested in doing so.<br><br># Try moving your mouse pointer to the bottom right-hand corner of the SSH application window,<br>then '''click and drag''' outwards to make the application window larger.<br><br># To exit your Matrix session, type the following command and press ENTER: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">exit</span> followed by '''ENTER'''<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You should notice that the colour of the text changes slightly when disconnected<br>and you are unable to issue Linux commands from that window.<br><br># After you have disconnected from your account, '''close''' the SSH Secure Shell Client application window.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' # It is '''highly recommended''' to using the '''exit''' command repeat these steps with connecting to terminate your Matrix session<br>as opposed to closing account from a Seneca lab workstation until you become comfortable with the SSH or terminal application window!process.<br><br> In the next investigation, you will learn how to '''issue Linux commands''' and from the command prompt (referred to as the "shell"), learn how to<br><u>setup</u> get help with Linux commands, use command-line editing short cut keys, and <u>perform</u> the '''first two sections of the run a program to confirm that you connected to your Matrix account in order to get marks for this online ULI101 assignment #1'''tutorial.<br><br>

=INVESTIGATION 2: USING THE LINUX SHELL / ONLINE ASSIGNMENTS =

In this sectioninvestigation, you will learn how to use the Linux Shell. Topics in the section include:

:* Learn the basic '''Linux command structure''' (''arguments '' and ''options''):* Learn how to get '''help''' for Linux commands with manpages via the '''online manual''' (i.e. '''man''' command).:* Learn Perform '''Basic Shell Editing''':* Learn how to perform '''online assignments'''.:* Perform the Issue a '''first two sections of online assignment #1program'''.to confirm that you connected to your Matrix account<br><br> ===Part 1: Using the Linux Shell ===

Some Linux commands can be issued by entering the Linux command line without arguments (e.g. '''pwd''', '''date''', '''ls''', '''cal'''),<br>but some many Linux commands can be issued with arguments (e.g. '''cal 2002''', '''cd /bin''', '''ls -lal -a /bin''' ).<br><br>

:* a '''file pathname'''

An '''argument''' is <u>separated</u> from a command (or from other arguments) by a '''SPACE''', '''multiple spacesMULTIPLE SPACES''' or a '''TAB'''.<br><br>

# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span><br><br>The output from this Linux command basically shows your '''current location''' in the Matrix server.<br>This represents a '''directory pathname''' to your home directory. We will discuss this ''pathnames'' later in a future tutorialthis course.<br><br>

# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls /bin</span><br><br> # Issue the following Linux command to confirm your current location: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span><br><br>What do you notice? <br><br>What makes this command with that argument useful if you are current located in your home directory?<br><br># Issue a Linux command that you have already learned to change to your '''home''' directory<br>and to '''confirm ''' that you have returned to your home directory.<br><br>

With the Linux OS containing over '''2500''' commands and utilities, it is good for a Linux user or <br>Linux system administrator (sysadmin ) to learn about how to use commands “on-the-fly”.<br><br>The '''man''' command can provide information on how to use a command <br>(i.e. '''command usage''', '''acceptable command arguments''', '''command options''', '''examples''').<br>The commands are classified into sections or '''volumes'''.<br><br># Issue the following command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">man man</span><br><br>You may notice that the online manual categories commands into sections or '''numbered volumes'''.<br><br># Type the '''SPACE''' key to move to the next screen.<br><br>How many volume '''volume numbers''' are contained in the man pages (like '''executable commands/programs''', <br>'''games''', or '''system administrator commands''')?<br><br>'''TIP:''' You can use the following '''short-cut keys''' within the man command to <br>help navigate throughout this utility to get help with the ls command (refer to table below):<br><br><table cellpadding="3"><tr><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Keyboard Shortcut</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Purpose</th></tr><tr><td>'''ENTER'''</td><td>Move down one line</td></tr><tr><td>'''SPACEBAR'''</td><td>Move one screen down</td></tr><tr><td>'''&lt;ctrl&gt;&lt;b&gt;'''</td><td>Move one screen up</td></tr><tr><td>'''/pattern/'''</td><td>Search for Pattern</td></tr><tr><td>'''q'''</td><td>quit man utility</td></tr></table><br>

# Issue the following Linux command to get help with the ls command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">man ls</span><br><br>'''TIP:''' You can use the following '''short-cut keys''' within the man command to <br>help navigate throughout this utility to get help with the ls command (refer to table below):<br><br><table cellpadding="3"><tr><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Keyboard Shortcut</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Purpose</th></tr><tr><td>'''ENTER'''</td><td>Move down one line</td></tr><tr><td>'''SPACEBAR'''</td><td>Move one screen down</td></tr><tr><td>'''&lt;ctrl&gt;&lt;b&gt;'''</td><td>Move one screen up</td></tr><tr><td>'''/pattern/'''</td><td>Search for Pattern</td></tr><tr><td>'''q'''</td><td>quit man utility</td></tr></table><br>

# Issue the '''ls''' command for <u>each</u> of those option letters you noted in '''step 45''' to see how this command differs for each option.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The '''man''' utility can be used with the '''-k''' option to help list Linux commands that match a text pattern<br>that is contained within the help screen for a Linux command.<br><br># Although we will not be learning about '''pipeline Pipeline commands''' (using can be used to filter-out unnecessary output. In the | character) until laternext command that you will be issuing,<br>try issuing the following pipeline output from the '''man -k''' command, is sent into the '''grep''' command to list Linux administration commands ''filter'' (i.e. volume ''trap'') only output that matches the pattern "8"<br>(The number "8"refers to the category of type of command - in this case, administration commands):.<br><br>We will learn more about pipeline commands later in this course.<br><br># Issue the following Linux pipeline command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">man -k copy user | grep 8</span><br><br>How does this ''pipeline command'' make it easier to obtain information regarding man command?<br><br># If you wish to change your password, you can change it by issuing the command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">passwd</span><br>What option for the passwd command can be used to change user info (such as name)?<br>'''Hint:''' use the '''man''' command for '''passwd'''.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You are Do '''NOT required to change your Matrix password for this tutorial. The Matrix server is "synched"<br>with ''' run the ''my.senecacollege.ca serverpasswd''command. Unique for this college, so it is better to have your Matrix password changed at the same time<br>that is changed automatically when you change your '''myseneca''' password.<br><br><br># Press the letter <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">q</span> to exit the man command.<br><br>You will now learn how to using perform '''command line editing''' <br>to correct syntax errors while typing Linux commands PRIOR to pressing the ENTER key.<br><br>

  Learning '''shortcut keys''' in any OS terminal will allow you to be more productive as a ''Linux user''<br>or ''Linux System Administrator'' (commonly referred to as: '''Linux sysadmin''').<br><br><br>Let's learn a few common Bash Shell keyboard shortcut keys and find out where you can access<br>online help for additional shortcuts (if required).  

# Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-a</span> key combination. What happens?<br><br>'''NOTE:''' To make '''alt-f''' key work when use the '''GRAPHICAL Windows SSH Client application''', select '''Edit''' -> '''Settings''' -> '''Keyboard''', and select the checkbox '''Use ALT as Meta key (and Escape)'''.<br><br># Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">alt-f</span> key combination '''two times'''<br>(OPTION+right-arrow for Mac OSx). What happens?<br><br># Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">alt-b</span> key combination '''NOTE:one time''' This short-cut key should work if you issued the ssh command within a terminal. If you are using a graphical windows SSH application, would would need to configure the application to understand the ''META'' <br>(alt) key OPTION+left-arrow for shortcut commands (i.e. not shortcuts for the ''application menu''Mac OSx).<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ctrl-b.png|thumb|right|150px|'''alt-b''' moves one word backwards for Windows OS]]</td><td>[[Image:ctrl-w.png|thumb|right|150px|'''ctrl-w''' deletes a word to <u>left</u> of the cursor.]]</td><td>[[Image:new-ls.png|thumb|right|150px|Can use editing After command is deleted, then type new command and press '''ctrl-e''' to move to change end of the commandline.]]</td></tr></table># Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">alt-b</span> key combination until the cursor is to the '''<u>right</u>''' of the '''cd''' command<br><br>

# Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-l</span> key combination. What happens? What is the advantage of using '''ctrl-u''' as opposed to '''ctrl-l'''?<br><br>:The Bash shortcut keys that you just learned are sufficient to perform Bash Shell editing.<br>Although you are NOT required to learn other short-cut keys, here is a link to a listing in case you are interested:<br>[https://ostechnix.com/list-useful-bash-keyboard-shortcuts/Useful Bash Shell Keyboard Shortcuts]<br><br>'''Running a Shell Script to Check Student Online Tutorial Participation''' Professors will require students successfully perform these online tutorials for marks (within a deadline). <br>In order to confirm that you successfully performed a tutorial, you will be required to run a program<br>(or in later tutorials, several programs) to prove that you successfully completed tasks in a tutorial and get marks. These programs (known as Shell Scripts) will check your work and offer feedback if you made mistakes, so you can make corrections.<br>Making corrections (i.e. troubleshooting) and re-running these checking programs until you are successful will help students<br>gain "hands-on" experience as well as "trouble-shooting experience.  <table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:script-check-1.png|thumb|right|250px|If all all check pass, then user performed can proceed.]]</td><td>[[Image:script-check-2.png|thumb|right|450px|If there is a warning, then feedback is provided to user to correct and re-run checking script.]]</td></table>If you have correctly completed the required tasks, the user can proceed. If the checking shell script detects an '''error''', then it will provide feedback to allow the student to fix that problem so they can re-run the checking shell scripts until they have successfully completed a task.  '''Perform the Following Steps:''' # Make certain that your current directory is '''your home directory'''<br>By entering the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">cd</span><br><br>#Issue the following command to run a checking script :<br><span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">~uli101/week1-check</span><br><br>The beginning character "'''~'''" is called '''tilde'''. You get this character by pressing '''SHIFT''' + '''`'''<br>(which is the key to the left of the number 1 on your keyboard). <br><br># Your screen should clear and indicate that you have proved that you have successfully logged in.<br><br># An email will be sent to your Seneca email as '''confirmation''' in case your ULI101 professor is assigning marks to these tutorials.<br><br>Keep those confirmation email messages for the duration of this semester as proof that you have completed those checking scripts in case there is a discrepancy in tutorial grades.<br><br> <!-- NOTE: ONLINE ASSIGNMENTS ARE RETIRED AND REPLACED WITH ONLINE TUTORIALS and REVIEW QUESTIONS

You are required to perform '''3 online assignments''' during throughout this course. This online assignment is used to teach and reinforce Linux commands are techniques as well as using <br>Linux commands to perform tasks gain experience for '''quizzes''', '''test 1''' (midterm) and tests students on their knowledge of issuing Linux commands'''test 2''' (final).

In this sectioninvestigation, you will learn to :* '''select Select the correct section''' for your online assignments, how to perform assignment submission* Perform the '''first two sectionssection''' and '''3 parts of the second section''' of assignment #1, how to * '''verifyVerify''' that you successfully completed both sections, and how to * '''exitExit''' your online assignment #1.

# In your Matrix account, issue the following command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier">~uli101/assign1a1</span><br><br># Press '''ENTER''' at the "Notes" screen.<br><br># A screen similar to the one displayed on the right will appear.<br><br><span style="color:red;">'''WARNING''': You need to select the <u>'''CORRECT'''</u> section for the course which you belong to.<br>If you do <u>NOT</u> select your correct section, your assignment may not be recorded for marks!</span><br><br># Determine your '''ULI101 three-letter course section code''' from your timetable.<br><br># Select the '''3 letter(s)code''' corresponding to the <u>correct</u> '''ULI101 <u>section</u>''' and '''professor''' and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ENTER</span><br><br>

# The assignment main menu will then be displayed.<br><br>'''NOTES:'''<ul><li>Near the bottom of the window, you will see '''"You are currently registered to"''' followed by the '''section letter''' and '''instructor name'''. Double-check your course timetable to confirm that this the correct section letter. If you have selected the WRONG section, type <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">C</span> in the menu selection area and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ENTER</span>. You will return back to the original window to select your correct course section.<br><br></li><li>Near the top of the window displays the sections to complete in the assignment. You are NOT required to complete all sections at the same time. You can check the assignment #1 link on the ULI101 main WIKI page to note the due date for assignment #1. Sections that are NOT completed will be displayed in '''reverse text with a blue background'''. On the other hand, when you compete a section, then the section will appear as regular text<br>(i.e not in reverse text).<br><br>[[Image:assn-completed-window.png|thumb|right|250px|Main Assignment Window to Confirm Which Sections Have or Have Not Been Completed. ]]</li><li>If you want to verify that you have completed sections for the assignment, look for the text '''"Marks earned so far for ULI101 Assignment:"''' and it will show how many sections have been completed. When it shows all sections completed, then your assignment is finished and you should receive full marks provided that you have selected your correct course section.<br><br></li></ul># At the '''Selections Available''' menu assignment #1 window, enter <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">1</span> in the menu selection area to begin the first section called '''"Introduction to Unix Commands"'''.<br><br>

# Run Re-run the command to restart your assignment that you did in step #1 and go to the '''main menu'''.<br>What do you notice?<br><br>If you successfully completed the first two sections, they no longer appear in reverse video.<br>This indicates that you have completed the first two sections of this assignment(i.e. you do NOT have to save your work!).<br><br>

https://ictgithub.senecacollege.cacom/ULI101/labs/~murray.saulraw/uli101main/uli101_week1_practice.docx