|[[Image:completed.png|thumb|right|500px|This screen indicates that installation is complete. You should remove the install DVD and confirm Centos7 boots from your removable hard drive. ]]

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#During the installation process, you will required to create a '''root password''' (for administration access) and create a '''regular user account'''. Click on '''Root Password''' and enter your root password. Think of an appropriate password and record that password somewhere in case you forget! An indicator will appear to show you how secure your password is. Retype your root password and click '''Done''' (you may have to click Done <u>twice</u> if your password is not considered to be a strong password).

#You need to create a regular user account. This account will be used to graphical log into your host machine. It is never recommended to graphically log into a graphical Linux/Unix system as root. It is better to log into a regular user account, then run a command to login as root (you will learn how to do this later in this lab).

Your system automatically enables a '''screen-saver''' application which is a useful security tool to prevent unauthorized viewing of information on a terminal after a certain amount of inactivity. Turning-off the locked screen-saver for this (and other) virtual machine can be useful when waiting for your instructor to come over to "sign-off" your computer lab without having to re-issue user passwords.

:*Click on your '''username at the top right-hand screen'''

===Access Administrative Priviledges===

#With older (ancient) versions of Linux, a user once may have been allowed to login to their graphical Linux system using '''root''' as their user-name and their root password. This has been determined to be a security risk and that option has been removed with many or all Linux operating systems.

{{Admon/note|Bash Shell Reference Guide:|<br><ul><li>'''She-bang line: #!/bin/bash'''<br><br>Shell scripts have evolved of the past 40 years. To avoid running a newer shell script on an older shell, it is recommended to force running the shell script in the correct shell. In order to do this, on the first line at the very beginning of the shell script, you add the '''#!''' ('''# as in "shhhh" - a comment''', and''' ! is referred to as "bang" run a commmand''': in this case, '''run the command: /bin/bash'''). You can issue the Linux command '''which bash''' to get the correct location. If there is no bash shell on that machine, the shell script will not run (as a precaution - the Linux admin will know how to make a fix to the shell script if required).<br> </li><li>'''Variables:'''<br><br> There are 3 types of variables that can be used in shell scripting: '''ENVIRONMENT''' (eg. $USER), '''user-defined''' ($varName), and '''positional parameters''' (eg. $1, $2... containing arguments after shell script or by using set command (eg. '''set $(ls)''' ). Using dollar sign ('''$''') in front of variable expands the value assigned.<br><br></li><li>'''Command Substitution:'''<br><br>A very useful trick to take output from a command to be used as an argument for another command. Examples include:<br>'''file $(ls)'''<br>'''set $(ls);echo $#;echo $*'''<br>'''echo "hostname: $(hostname)"'''<br><br><li>'''Logic Control Flow Statements:'''<br><br>The '''test''' command can be used to see if a condition is true or false<br>(i.e. test $USER &#61; "root") . The '''$?''' special shell variable stores the result (zero if true, non-zero if false). Square brackets '''[ ]''' can be used to represent the test command with the condition <u>inside</u> the brackets (spaces separating brackets).Can use '''if''' / '''if-else''' / '''if-elif-else''' statements with brackets. The '''exit''' command can be used to terminate the shell script with a false value.<br><br>'''<u>Examples</u>'''<br><br>''if [ $USER &#61; "root" ]''<br>''then''<br>&nbsp;''echo "You must be root" >&amp;2''<br>&nbsp;''exit1''<br>''fi''<br><br># For number comparison: use:<br># -gt,-ge, -lt, -le, -eq, -ne<br><br>''if [ $age -gt 65 ]''<br>''then''<br>&nbsp;''echo "retire"''<br>''else''<br>&nbsp;''echo "don't retire"''<br>''fi''<br><br>''if [ $grade -gt 79 ]''<br>''then''<br>&nbsp;''echo "You get Good Mark"''<br>''elif [ $grade -gt 49 ]''<br>''then''<br>&nbsp;''echo "You pass"''<br>''else''<br>&nbsp;''echo "You fail"''<br>''fi''<br></li></ul>}}

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<li value="1">Issue that command displayed above. Does it work? If not, what account do you think you should be in? When you get the command working record this important information regarding commands and the admin account in your lab logbook.</li>

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==Part 2: Automating Routine Tasks (Shell Scripting)==

If you require <u>'''additional practice'''</u> in creating shell scripts and using the vi text editor, run the commands in your '''Matrix''' account: <ul><li>'''/home/murray.saul/vi-tutorial'''</li><li>'''/home/murray.saul/scripting-1'''</li></ul>

# Make certain to log out of your root account and remain as a regular user.