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[[Category:OPS235]] {{Admon/caution|DraftLab|This lab has NOT been released for regular distribution. When the lab is ready to be released, this caution banner will disappear.}} =OPS235 Lab 5 - Archiving Files, Compiling Software Packages from Source, Managing Services=
[[Category:OPS235]][[Category:OPS235 Labs]]
==Overview==
* In this lab, you are going to help conserve disk space by learning how to compress and decompress files that are stored on your computer server. In addition, you will learn a traditional method alternative methods of how to install programs by (decompressing zipped tarball archives and then compiling source code archives and install (compile) them on your computer.
* In addition, you will learn about how certain processes (services) work, and how the system administrator can manage these services (i.e. turn "on" and "off").
==Objectives==
#To create and use archive files (tar and tar.gz)
#Compiling software packages from source code
#Install an application from software development repositories using the bit utility
#Customising file-system start-up
==Required Materials (Bring to All Labs)==
* '''Fedora 16 17 LIVE CD''' - You can burn this onto a CD-R in the Open Lab* '''Fedora 16 x_64 17 x86_64 Installation DVD''' - You can burn this onto a DVD-R in the Open Lab (or burn image onto a DVD+R if you are using the Freedom Toaster).* '''SATA Hard Disk''' (in removable disk tray)* '''USB Memory Stick''' (minimum 64M)* '''Lab Logbook (Lab5 Reference Sheet)''' (to make notes and observations).
==Prerequisites==
|- valign="top"
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*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8man1/tar.81.php tar]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8man1/gizgzip.81.php gzip]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8man1/gunzipizgunzip.81.php gunzipzip]*[http://linuxmanpages.com/man8man1/make.81.php make]
|
*[http://www.linuxcertif.com/man/1/systemctl/ systemctl]
==Resources on the web==
Additional links to tutorials and HOWTOs:
* [http://www.centos.org/docs/2/rhl-gsg-en-7.2/s1-zip-tar.html archiving with tar, gzip,gunzip]
* [http://www.tuxfiles.org/linuxhelp/softinstall.html Compiling Software from Source Code]
* [[init vs systemd]]
Archive files are often used to contain source code for software; in this lab you will also be compiling software from a source code archive.
{{Admon/note|Do not Shut-Down VMs Until Instructed|You will be running all 3 VMs eventually when performing this tutorial, Leave all VMs running until you are instructed to shut them down at the end of this lab.|}}
===Investigation 1: How do you create an archive file?===
{{Admon/note|Use fedora3|Perform these steps in the '''fedora3''' virtual machine.}}
#Change your working directory to <code>/usr/share/doc/sudo*</code>
#Use the tar (tape archiver) command to create an archive file named <code>/tmp/archive1.tar</code>
#*<code>tar cvf /tmp/archive1.tar .</code>
{{Admon/important | Warning! | Don't miss the '''.''' at the end of the <code>tar</code> commands below! It specifies what should go into the archive: the contents of the current directory.}}
<ol>
<li value="4">What do the options c, v, and f mean?</li>
<li>Record the archive file size.</li>
<li>Compress the file using <code>gzip</code>:
<ul>
<li><code>gzip /tmp/archive1.tar</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Record the archive file size after compression.</li>
<li>Make sure you're still in <code>/usr/share/doc/sudo*</code> and then create a compressed archive:
<ul>
<li><code>tar cvzf /tmp/archive2.tgz .</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>What does the <code>z</code> option do?</li>
<li>Compare the sizes of <code>/tmp/archive1.tar.gz</code> and <code>/tmp/archive2.tgz</code>. Why are they so close in size?</li>
</ol>
'''Answer the Investigation 1 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
===Investigation 2: How do you restore files from an archive?===
{{Admon/note|Use Remain in your fedora3VM|Perform these steps in the '''fedora3''' virtual machine.}}#Create the directory <code>/tmp/extract1</code> and make it your current working directory (change into that #Change to the <code>/tmp/extract1</code> directory).
#Move the file archive1.tar.gz to your current directory.
#Unzip the first archive you created:
#Are all the files there?
#Compare <code>/tmp/extract1/README</code> and <code>/usr/share/doc/sudo*/README</code>. Are they exactly the same? Why?
#Create the directory <code>/tmp/extract2</code> and make it your current working directory.#Move the file archive2.tgz to your current the <code>/tmp/extract2</code> directory.
#Extract the files from the second archive:
#*<code>tar xvzf /tmp/extract2/archive2.tgz</code>
#Note that this time a separate <code>gunzip</code> command was not needed. Why?
#Repeat the previous command, leaving out the option "z". Does it work? Why?
#Compare the <code>README</code> file in this directory with the original file. Are they exactly the same?
'''Answer the Investigation 2 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
===Investigation 3: How do you build software from source code?===
Now that you know how to create and decompress "zipped tarball archives", we will demonstrate how to install applications from websites containing these types of archives. Although this method is not as "user-friendly" as using the yum or rpm command, this method is useful if the application is NOT contained in regular software repositories...
{{Admon/note|Use fedora2|Perform these steps in the '''fedora2''' virtual machine.}}
<ol> <li value==Managing System Services=="3">Go to the directory <code>/tmp</code></li> <li>Use the <code>wget</code> command to download the "tar ball" that contains the source code for the NLED text editor. <code>wget</code> is a command-line tool to download files from the web using the http or ftp protocols. <ul> <li><code>wget http://cdot.senecac.on.ca/software/nled/nled_2_52_src.tgz</code></li> </ul> </li> <li>Extract the files. Change to the newly-extracted directory (<code>/tmp/nled-2.52</code>)</li> <li>Check to see if there is a file named <code>configure</code>. If so, run it; if not, skip this step. (Most but not all source code archives contain this file)</li> <li>Check to see if there is a file named <code>Makefile</code> or <code>makefile</code>. If so, type the command: <ul> <li><code>make</code></li> </ul> <li>What does <code>make</code> do?</li> <li>Some software distributed as source code can automatically install itself. Try this command: <ul> <li><code>make install</code></li> </ul> </li> <li>Most but not all source code archives include the capability of installing themselves this way.</li> <li>If the command <code>make install</code> does not work (how can you tell?), copy the <code>nled</code> program manually: <ul> <li><code>cp nled /usr/local/bin</code></li> </ul> </li> <li>Test <code>nled</code> to make sure it works.</li></ol>
'''Answer the Investigation 3 observations / questions in your lab log book.''' ==Managing Run-Levels and System Services== ===Investigation 4: How do we turn system services on and offManage Runlevels?===
{{Admon/note|Use fedora2|Perform these steps in the '''fedora2''' virtual machine.}}
=== Investigation 5: How do we Manage System Services? ===
{{Admon/note|Remain in your fedora2 VM|Perform these steps in the '''fedora2''' virtual machine.}}
We have seen that maintaining unneeded '''packages can be a security risk''' due to the unnecessary increase in the complexity of your system. Similarly, it is also unnecessarily hazardous, and even more so, to leave unneeded services running. In this investigation, we will learn how to '''control services, and turn off those services that we think are not necessary to help reduce security risks'''.}}
<ol>
<li>Issue the following Linux command:
<ul>
<li><code>systemctl list-units --type=service</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Note the services that are currently running.</li>
<li>Refer to the tutorial ([[init vs systemd]] ) to learn how to use the systemctl command to stop the service named '''iptables'''</li>
<li>Issue the systemctl command to verify that this service has stopped.</li>
<li>If you reboot now - the iptables service will be turned back on. We don't want it on though, it causes students headaches. To turn it off permanently we need to disable the service. Refer to the tutorial ([[init vs systemd]] ) to learn how to use the systemctl command to disable the service named '''iptables'''</li>
<li>Reboot and confirm that it's no longer running.</li>
</ol>
'''Answer the Investigation 5 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
==Completing the Lab==
Arrange evidence for each of these items on your screen, then ask your instructor to check each item:
#[ Compressed files: ] <code>/tmp/fstestarchive1.tar.gz</code> filesystem counted with files copied to itand <code>/tmp/archive2.tgz</code>#[ ] <code>nled</code> application is installed#[ ] Correct services are disabledLab5 notes how to use systemctl commands#[ ] <code>/lab5</code> has an entry in <code>/etc/fstab</code>VMs backed-up
==Preparing for the Quizzes==
#What is the advantage of disabling services such as bluetooth?
#What is the difference between a .tgz file and a .tar.gz file? What do these stand for?
#How do you ensure that a filesystem What is mounted every time the system is started?#How is creating and using a filesystem in a file different from creating and using a filesystem in a block device (such as purpose of a partition)repository?
#What is source code?
#How do you build software from source code?
#Which is preferred: installing from an RPM file, or installing from source code? Why?
#How do you use <code>chkconfigsystemctl</code>?to:#The startup directory for each *list runlevel contains symbolic links. Where are the targets of the symbolic links#*list services#*stop a service#*start a service#*Why is it important to learn how to manage services?#When you use the menu option System>Administration>Services, what program *Why is runit important to stop certain services?
{{Admon/important | Backup your work |Backup your disk images for fedora2 and fedora3 Virtual Machines.}}