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Created page with "{{Chris Tyler Draft}} Category:6502 The 6502 processor has a compact instruction set, consisting of just 56 instructions: <code> ADC AND ASL BCC BCS BEQ BIT BMI BNE B..."
{{Chris Tyler Draft}}
[[Category:6502]]
The [[6502]] processor has a compact instruction set, consisting of just 56 instructions:
<code>
ADC AND ASL BCC BCS BEQ BIT BMI BNE BPL BRK BVC BVS CLC
CLD CLI CLV CMP CPX CPY DEC DEX DEY EOR INC INX INY JMP
JSR LDA LDX LDY LSR NOP ORA PHA PHP PLA PLP ROL ROR RTI
RTS SBC SEC SED SEI STA STX STY TAX TAY TSX TXA TXS TYA
</code>
This page groups these instructions and explains their basic function.
== Addressing Modes ==
There are 13 [[6502 Addressing Modes]]. All of these instructions work with at least one addressing mode, and many work with several addressing modes. See the [[#Resources]] section for Opcode tables that define which instructions work with which addressing modes.
== Performance ==
Each 6502 instruction takes a defined number of cycles to execute. In some cases,
== Loading and Storing Data (to/from Memory) ==
=== Register-Memory Loads and Stores ===
There are three instructions to load data from memory to a register:
<code>
LDA ; load the accumulator
LDX ; load the X register
LDY ; load the Y register
</code>
And there are three matching instructions to store data from a register to a memory location:
<code>
STA ; store the accumulator
STX ; store the X register
STY ; store the Y register
</code>
=== Push/Pull on the Stack ===
There are also two instructions to push data onto the stack:
<code>
PHA ; push the accumulator
PHP ; push the processor status register
</code>
And two matching instructions to pull data from the stack:
<code>
PLA ; pull the accumulator
PLP ; pull the processor status registerI've been swamped! 
</code>
When a value is pushed to the stack, the stack pointer is decremented and the selected register is written to $0100+SP.
When a value is pulled from the stack, the stack pointer is incremented and the selected register is loaded from $0100+SP.
Note that some other operations, such as JSR, interrupts, and RTS, cause data to be pushed to or pulled from the stack.
== Bitwise Operations ==
=== Arithmetic ===
<code>
ADC ; add with carry
</code>
The accumulator + memory location + carry flag is stored to the accumulator (<code>A = A + M + C</code>).
The carry flag can be used to carry overflow information from the lowest byte to the highest byte of a multi-byte addition. Clear the carry flag and then add the lowest bytes, then leave the carry flag untouched and add the second-lowest bytes. Continue to the highest byte in the multi-byte sequence.
[[Category:6502]]
The [[6502]] processor has a compact instruction set, consisting of just 56 instructions:
<code>
ADC AND ASL BCC BCS BEQ BIT BMI BNE BPL BRK BVC BVS CLC
CLD CLI CLV CMP CPX CPY DEC DEX DEY EOR INC INX INY JMP
JSR LDA LDX LDY LSR NOP ORA PHA PHP PLA PLP ROL ROR RTI
RTS SBC SEC SED SEI STA STX STY TAX TAY TSX TXA TXS TYA
</code>
This page groups these instructions and explains their basic function.
== Addressing Modes ==
There are 13 [[6502 Addressing Modes]]. All of these instructions work with at least one addressing mode, and many work with several addressing modes. See the [[#Resources]] section for Opcode tables that define which instructions work with which addressing modes.
== Performance ==
Each 6502 instruction takes a defined number of cycles to execute. In some cases,
== Loading and Storing Data (to/from Memory) ==
=== Register-Memory Loads and Stores ===
There are three instructions to load data from memory to a register:
<code>
LDA ; load the accumulator
LDX ; load the X register
LDY ; load the Y register
</code>
And there are three matching instructions to store data from a register to a memory location:
<code>
STA ; store the accumulator
STX ; store the X register
STY ; store the Y register
</code>
=== Push/Pull on the Stack ===
There are also two instructions to push data onto the stack:
<code>
PHA ; push the accumulator
PHP ; push the processor status register
</code>
And two matching instructions to pull data from the stack:
<code>
PLA ; pull the accumulator
PLP ; pull the processor status registerI've been swamped! 
</code>
When a value is pushed to the stack, the stack pointer is decremented and the selected register is written to $0100+SP.
When a value is pulled from the stack, the stack pointer is incremented and the selected register is loaded from $0100+SP.
Note that some other operations, such as JSR, interrupts, and RTS, cause data to be pushed to or pulled from the stack.
== Bitwise Operations ==
=== Arithmetic ===
<code>
ADC ; add with carry
</code>
The accumulator + memory location + carry flag is stored to the accumulator (<code>A = A + M + C</code>).
The carry flag can be used to carry overflow information from the lowest byte to the highest byte of a multi-byte addition. Clear the carry flag and then add the lowest bytes, then leave the carry flag untouched and add the second-lowest bytes. Continue to the highest byte in the multi-byte sequence.