:* Download and install run the '''Knoppix LiveVirtualBox file''' in a virtual machine ( :* Open a terminal and connect to your Matrix account via VirtualBox)the '''ssh''' utility :* Run several '''open-source applications''' in your graphical Knoppix Linux environment :* Understand the '''limitation''' of running Knoppix Live as opposed to a '''persistent''' Knoppix installation

''A '''Linux distribution''' (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system made from a software collection that is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system. Linux users usually obtain their operating system by downloading one of the Linux distributions, which are available for a wide variety of systems ranging from embedded devices (for example, OpenWrt) and personal computers (for example, Linux Mint) to powerful supercomputers (for example, Rocks Cluster Distribution)...''

* '''Select a Linux Distribution''' and '''download'a '' a Linux Distribution Install '''ISO''' file<br>to your Computer ('''Note:download''' Be aware of any required Hardware Requirements for the Linux OS prior to installation(ISO image file or VM file).)* '''Burn an Linux Distribution CD/DVDCreate''', or VM and '''USBinstall''', Linux Distribution or use '''downloaded file when creating a virtual machinerun'''VM file.* Once booted, the installation process '''transfers the live image to a disk (or flash memory)''' and configures the system.* For most distributions, the installation involves a '''guided graphical environment''' help assist with the Linux installation process.<br>

* : Linux is the <u>only </u> OS on the computer . * : Any existing data on your hard disk will be '''erased'''.

* : A '''boot menu''' allows the user to select the desired OS.<br><br>* : '''Advantages''' of Dual-Boot or Multi-Boot:<ol><li>This options option provides a method to access your computer if one OS '''fails to boot-up'''.* Most Linux distributions can </li><li>'''access Access the Windows partition''' if your Windows OS cannot boot-up.* </li><li>This booting method is great for '''troubleshooting''' <br>(''for example:'' booting boot into other Linux OS to confirm that you can connect to the Internet to rule-out eliminate a hardware issuesissue).</li></ol>* : '''Installation Tips:'''<ol><li>It is recommended to '''back up important data''' before proceeding.* </li><li>It is recommended to '''install the Linux OS <u>last</u>''', as other operating systems may not offer a multi-boot option.</li></ol>

'''Virtualized Virtual Machine Installation'''

* : ''Virtualization requires is the process of running a virtual instance of a computer system in a compatible processor: not all processors support that featurelayer abstracted from the actual hardware.* Most recent '''multi-core processors''' support Reference: https://opensource.com/resources/virtualization.* : The virtualized OS is installed and run in a window under another OS.Special software is used to manage the entire process, referred to as the '''hypervisor'''.<br><br>* The installation : '''Advantages''' of Virtualization:<ol><li>You can usually be accomplished run VM from an '''ISO imagefile''' or a '''VM file'''.* </li><li>One or more virtual machines can be run at the <u>same </u> time.* </li><li>The '''guest ''' OS '''shares hardware''' with the '''host ''' OS and possibly other virtualized systems.* Special software is used to manage the entire process, referred to as the </li><li>The '''hypervisorguest'''.* The guest systems have '''network access ''' through the host.</li></ol>* The selection of virtualization software (which allows : '''Installation Tips:'''<ol><li>Virtualization requires a '''compatible processor''': not all processors creation and running of virtual machines) depends mainly on the host OS, although some are cross-platformsupport that feature. Other considerations as </li><li>Your '''BIOS''' should be set to virtualization '''<u>enable</u> Virtualization'''.</li><li>Popular VM software may be featuresfor '''Windows''', support, price '''Apple''' and'''Linux''' OS include:<ul><li>VMware</li><li>Oracle Virtual Box</li></ul></or personal preferences.li></ol>

''A live CD (also live DVD, live disc, or live operating system) is a complete bootable computer installation including operating system which runs directly from a CD-ROM or similar storage device into a computer's memory, rather than loading from a hard disk drive. A Live CD allows users to run an operating system for any purpose without installing it or making any changes to the computer's configuration. Live CDs can run on a computer without secondary storage, such as a hard disk drive, or with a corrupted hard disk drive or file system, allowing data recovery.<br><br>As CD and DVD drives have been steadily phased-out, live CDs have become less popular, being replaced by live USBs, which are equivalent systems written onto USB flash drives, which have the added benefit of having write-able storage. The functionality of a live CD is also available with a bootable live USB flash drive, or an external hard disk drive connected by USB.''

<span style="color:red;">'''ATTENTION''': This tutorial relates to an interest topic and is NOT worth marks.</span><br><br> In this sectioninvestigation, you will first ''download'' and ''install'' the '''VirtualBox''' VM application on your home computer,<br>then you will then ''download'' and unzip the '''Knoppix Live Distribution VM''' file to your computer.

You will then ''launch'' the VirtualBox application via by double-clicking the downloaded VirtualBox VM application.<br>Once you launch the Knoppix Linux distribution, you will learn in '''INVESTIGATION 2''' to perform <br>a few basic operations<br> in the '''Knoppix''' Linux ''graphical'' Linux environment.

# Launch the '''Knoppix''' Linux distribution by clicking the '''Launch''' button.<br><br>''''''NOTE:'''''' Your '''file manager ''' will open and display both the '''Knoppix virtual machine icon''' and a '''Knoppix Installation ISO file'''. You will be launching the Knoppix Virtual machine in the '''Virtualbox''' application.<br><br>

# Another dialog box will appear. '''Double-click''' on the '''Switch''' button when prompted to enter '''scale mode'''or '''Switch''' to scale mode.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You should notice that you can switch between your Knoppix VM and your Windows computer which is referred to as the '''host machine'''.<br><br>

# '''Click ''' the following link to access the '''Oracle Virtualbox ''' application download website:<br>[https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads]<br><br># In this website, '''click ''' the link corresponding to your '''computer's operating system'''<br>to download to your computer.<br><br># '''Install''' the downloaded '''Virtualbox''' VM application on your computer.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You may be required to allow '''authorization''' to run this program, select to install devices (if prompted)<br>and to '''restart''' your computer after installation.<br><br> # '''Click ''' the following link to download the '''zipped''' (''compressed'') Knoppix Live Distribution<br>file to your computer: [https://itas.senecacollege.ca/~uli101/Knoppix.zip Knoppix Virtualbox VM]<br><br>'''NOTE:''' This file is approximately '''5GB''' in size and might take a while to download.<br><br># Open a '''File Manager ''' application and '''navigate''' to directory that the '''Knoppix.zip''' file<br>was downloaded (eg. '''Downloads''').<br><br>[[Image:knoppix-file.png|thumb|right|280px|Knoppix VM file contained in the zipped file. Click '''Double-click''' '''Knoppix.vbox''' file to launch the '''Knoppix Live Linux''' Distribution.]]

# Navigate to the folder containing the ''extracted zipped files'' and '''Doubledouble-click''' the file called '''Knoppix.vbox''' to launch the Knoppix VM.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' By '''double-clicking ''' on this file (even if the VirtualBox application is not running)<br>it will launch the VirtualBox application and launch start the Knoppix virtual machine.<br><br>'''For Mac Users:''' If you experience an error message regarding the Kernel extension,<br>click on '''System Preferences''', select '''Security and Privacy'''<br>and click to '''allow Oracle''' service extensions to run on your machine.<br><br>If you have difficulty running Knoppix on your home machine/laptop you may ask your <br>'''Learning Centre ULG leaders''' for additional help in troubleshooting why Knoppix <br>is not working<br>on your home machine/laptop.<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:knoppix-start-menu.png|thumb|right|150px|'''Knoppix Start Menubutton''' (not to be confused with YOUR host computericon on the '''left'''s start menu).]]</td><td>[[Image:knoppix-desktop.png|thumb|right|280px|The '''Knoppix Linux desktop environment''' has a similar look as the MS Windows desktop environment. (Image licensed under[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ cc])]]</td></table># If you are using MS Windows, look in the taskbar below to see if the Virtual Box application is running click to display that application window.<br><br># Click on the Start button (looks like a green arrow pointing to the right).<br><br># If prompted, '''click ''' '''Scale''' or '''Switch''' to scale mode to proceed.<br><br># If using ''MS Windows'', click the mouse on the Knoppix screen and press '''ENTER''' to login.<br><br># Allow '''time''' for the Knoppix Linux distribution to start. This is a '''graphical Linux distribution''' which will start-up in a desktop environment.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You are '''NOT''' prompted for a ''username'' and ''password'' because this is a Linux Live distribution and you have been assigned a '''generic account'''.<br><br># On the bottom left-hand side'''NOTE:''' If you are using MS Windows, click on press the '''Knoppix start menuRIGHT CTRL''' key to change to other applications by pressing '''ALT-TAB''' .<br>When you want to use Graphical Linux (similar i.e. Knoppix screen), click in the screen to the Windows start menu)focus and use that screen.<br><br># '''Click''' the '''Knoppix Start button''' (refer to <u>left</u> icon in diagram on right). In the start '''Knoppix menu''', select '''System Tools'''<br><br>[[Image:xterm.png|thumb|right|200px280px|The '''Konsole''' application will display the Bash shell to issue Linux commands.]]# In the '''system tools ''' menu, scroll down and select to launch the terminal application called '''Konsole'''to launch a terminal application.<br><br>'''FYI:''' To '''increase''' font size, press '''ctrl-+''' to '''reduce''' font size, press '''ctrl--'''. <br>You can drag the Konsole terminal window from the bottom-right corner <br>to increase the window size.<br><br># In the bash shell, issue the following Linux command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">whoami</span><br><br>What is the name of your generic Knoppix Linux Live account?<br>On your Knoppix live OS, there is a '''generic''' user called "'''knoppix'''" that can<br>be accessed <u>without</u> a password. This account has its own home directory.<br><br>Let's test this out by using the ssh command to connect to your Matrix account. <br>Your Knoppix virtual machine uses your computer's main host computer's operating system's connection which most likely <br>is already connected to '''Seneca's Global PortalGlobalProtect VPN'''.<br><br><!-- # Issue the following Linux command to '''download''' a Bash Shell script to connect<br>to the '''Seneca Global PortalGlobalProtect VPN''':<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">wget itas.senecacollege.ca/~mark.fernandes/vpn</span><br><br>

# Issue the following shell script to connect to the Seneca Global PortalGlobalProtect VPN: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">vpn -c</span><br><br>You should be connected to the Seneca Global PortalGlobalProtect VPN. <br>Let's test this out by using the ssh command to connect to your Matrix account.<br><br>

# Enter '''yes''' to share your ''public key''.<br><br># When prompted, enter your '''password ''' (remember that password does not "echo-back").<br><br>Were you able to connect to your Matrix account?<br><br>

# Enter '''yes''' to share your ''public key''.<br><br># When prompted, enter your '''password ''' (remember that password does not "echo-back").<br><br>Were you able to connect to your Matrix account?<br><br># Confirm that you are in <u>your </u> '''home''' directory on your Matrix account.<br><br># Use a '''text editor''' (''nano'' or ''vi'') to create a file in your current directory called '''myvm.txt''' <br>and enter the following text displayed below. Make certain there are ONLY 3 lines:<br><br><span style="font-family:courier;font-weight:bold">This is line 1<br>This is line 2<br>This is line 3</span><br><br>

# Confirm that you created this file and confirm that the contents of this file are correct.<br><br>Let's run a <b>shell script</b> to check that you created the '''myvm.txt''' file (with correct fil e file contents) in your home directory.<br><br>#Enter the following command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~uli101/week7-check-1</span><br><br># If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive<br>a congratulations message, and proceed to the next step.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command to '''terminate''' your Matrix session: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">exit</span><br><br># Remain in the '''Konsole''' ''terminal window'' when performing '''INVESTIGATION 2'''.<br><br> : In the next investigation, you will learn to work in a graphical Linux environment.<br>You will also run several open-source application within the Knoppix graphical environment.<br><br> =INVESTIGATION 2: USING THE GRAPHICAL KNOPPIX VM =  Let's learn to run ''open-source'' applications on your graphical Knoppix Linux Live distribution.<br>But first, let's '''download''' and run a '''shell script''' that will display '''dialog boxes''' in your graphical Knoppix VM.  '''Perform the Following Steps:''' # Make certain that you are running your Knoppix Linux Live virtual Machine<br>(refer to '''step #7''' in [https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial7:_Installing_Linux_/_Live_Linux_/_Virtualization#INVESTIGATION_1:_BOOTING_KNOPPIX_.28LIVE_LINUX.29_VIA_VIRTUALBOX INVESTIGATION 1] )<br><br>Although you will be learning to create and run '''shell scripts''' (near the end of this course)<br>to in your '''automateMatrix''' tasks Matrix course server , those scripts will only run in a '''command-line''' environment.<br><br>On the other hand, since Since you are running a '''<u>graphical</u> Knoppix''' Linux distribution on your computer,<br>you can run scripts graphically (including the use of '''dialog boxes''' for ''input'', ''output'', etc.).<br><br>[[Image:input-dialog.png|thumb|right|250px|Graphical '''input dialog box'''.]]# Make certain that you are in a '''Konsole''' ''terminal window''<br>(but '''NOT''' connected to your Matrix account).<br><br>

# Issue the following to run this shell script:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">bash week7-demo-1</span><br><br># In the dialog box, click to select the '''/home/knoppix''' directory and click '''OK'''.<br><br>What did you notice?<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ls -l week7-demo-1</span><br><br>Notice there are NO '''execute''' permissionsfor this shell script file. <br>That is why we have to issue the '''bash''' commandfollowed by<br>followed by the '''shell script name file pathname''' (as an argument in order ) to run the shell script.<br><br>Let's '''<u>add</u> execute permissions''' so we can run this command by name <br>(i.e. without using the '''bash''' command).<br><br>[[Image:output-dialog.png|thumb|right|250px|Graphical '''output dialog box'''.]]# Issue the following command to '''add execute permissions''' for everyone <br>for the '''week7-demo-1''' file:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">chmod +x week7-demo-1</span><br><br>'''FYI:''' This method is a '''quick''' method of adding execute permissions for<br>the '''owner''', '''same group members''' and '''others'''.<br><br>

# Issue the following: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">./week7-demo-1</span><br><br>Did the shell script run?<br><br># Issue '''NOTE:''' The shell script uses the following '''zenity''' command to create dialog boxes. Although you may need to install this application in other Linux distributions, it is automatically included with the Knoppix distribution. We don't learn about the ''terminatezenity''' your Matrix sessioncommand in this course, but here is a link to some simple examples using this command in case you are interested: [https: <span style//www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved="color:blue;font2ahUKEwiKztuinuruAhXwm-weight:bold;fontAKHSGnCq8QFjAAegQIBBAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca%2Fwiki%2FHow_to_Use_Zenity&usg=AOvVaw3pDy1Afw8Vw9-family09cs5zE6Y How to Use Zenity]<br><br>'''REMEMBER:courier;">exit''' You '''CANNOT''' run this graphical shell script on your '''Matrix''' server,</spanbr>since Matrix is only a '''COMMAND-LINE environment''' and NOT a '''graphical environment'''.<br><br># Issue the Linux command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">exit</span> to '''close''' the '''Konsole''' terminal window.<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:knoppix-wiki.png|thumb|right|250px|'''Knoppix WIKI''' in the '''Firefox'''<br>web-browser.]]</td><td>[[Image:libreoffice.png|thumb|right|300px|The '''LibreOffice''' word processor.]]</td></table># Use the ''Knoppix start menu'' and search for a menu item in oder the '''Internet''' submenu to launch the '''firefox''' web-browser.<br><br># In the web-browser, go to the '''Google''' website and perform a ''Net-search '' on the '''Knoppix wiki'''.<br><br># When finishing finished browsing the Knoppix WIKI, '''close ''' the ''Firefox '' web-browser.<br><br># Use the ''Knoppix start menu'' to select '''Office''' and then select '''LibreOffice - Writer'''<br>to launch a ''word processor processing'' application.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' Libre office is a <u>free</u> '''open-source suite''' of productivity tools for<br>creating ''documents'', ''spreadsheets'' and ''slide presentations''.<br><br># Create a small new document , type in a paragraph and then '''save ''' changes to the file '''mydoc''' to your home directory,<br>and '''exit ''' the Libreoffice word processing document.<br><br>[[Image:shudtdown-knoppix.png|thumb|right|200px|'''Shutdown menu''' for Knoppix to terminal graphical Linux session.]]

# Repeat the steps Press '''ENTER''' when it indicates to launch '''Remove your CD'''.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' Although you are NOT using a new physical CD, this step is required to shut-down<br>your Knoppix Linux Live sessionand close your VirtualBox application.<br><br>[[Image:libreofficeKnoppix-file-manager.png|thumb|right|200px|The Graphical '''file manager''' for Knoppix.]]# '''Launch''' a new Knoppix Linux Live session (''[https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial7:_Installing_Linux_/_Live_Linux_/_Virtualization#INVESTIGATION_1:_BOOTING_KNOPPIX_.28LIVE_LINUX.29_VIA_VIRTUALBOX INVESTIGATION 1]'', '''LibreOfficestep #7''' application is the default word processor).<br>]]<br># Use the ''Knoppix start menu'' to '''launch ''' a '''<u>graphical</u> file manager''' file manager<br>('''Hint:''' ''Accessories'' -&gt; ''FileFiles'').<br><br># In the file manager, search for your word processing document file and your downloaded shell script that you saved were contained on your home directory. Is there <br><br>Does your word processing document there. or your downloaded shell script exist?<br>If not, why?<br><br>[[Image:frozen-bubble.png|thumb|right|200px|The '''Frozen-Bubble''' arcade game.]]# Use Open the ''Knoppix start menu'' , select '''games''' and try running a few games<br>(a few recommendations are: '''Frozen Bubble''', and '''Extreme Tux Racer''').<br><br>Now that you have had an opportunity to shutdown use your Knoppix Linux Live session.distribution,<br><br>: Work on let's shutdown the VM and move onto the Linux practice questions located at the bottom of this tutorial.<br><br> # Open the ''Knoppix start menu'' and select '''logout''' and '''shutdown''' to end your Knoppix Live session.<br><br>

<!-- # List the steps to boot the Knoppix Linux distribution from a Workstation at Seneca College.--># List the '''steps ''' to boot start the Knoppix Linux distribution from a CD or USB from your home computer.# List '''4 applications''' that are contained in the home pages of Knoppix Linux Live distribution.# Explain the difference between a '''Live Linux distributions shown in the distribution''' and an '''installed Linux distribution image above'''. [[Category:ULI101]]