GAM670/DPS905 -- Weekly Schedule 20121

Week 1 - Jan 8

This Week

Assignment Discussion
Suggested Enhancements
Review of the Base Code
- Definition of a Framework
  - Modularity through stable interfaces
  - Re-usability through generic components
  - Extensibility through hook methods
  - Inversion of control - determines which application methods to invoke in response to external events
- Framework Architecture
  - Modelling Layer
  - API Translation Layer
- Notable Features of the Base Code
- camera, sound, and light are also derived from the Frame class
- textures attach at the object level
- texture connection is uncoupled from drawing of the graphics primitives
- reference frames are relative
- very simple collision detection

To Do

add your name to the student list
create a team page that includes the semester number 20121
- describe the game that you intend to develop
- list the topics of interest to your team in developing its game
- list the other topics of interest

Resources

Week 2 - Jan 16

This Week

Relative Reference Frames
- Recursive calls
  Vector Frame::position()
  
  Matrix Frame::rotation()
  
  Matrix Frame::world()
- Detaching from and attaching to a parent frame
  Frame::attachTo()
Geometry
- Plane
  normal + constant - examples
  
  equation of a plane: dot(n, x) + D = 0
  
  positive side of a plane dot(n, x) + D > 0
Collision Detection
types of colliders
spheres

planes

axis-aligned bounding boxes

oriented bounding boxes

To Do

Research the feature that you are going to add and prepare a plan of action
Prepare a team page for your team so that repos can be ordered
Add a section to your team page to track your project and solicit commentary

Resources

Week 3 - Jan 23

This Week

Collision Detection (cont'd)
Shape
Shape : Frame

Shape::setRadius()

Shape::getRadius()

Shape::setRadius(float r);

Shape::setRadius(float x, float y, float z);

Shape::getRadius() const { return radius; }

Shape::setPlane(Vector n, float d);

Shape::setAxisAligned(Vector min, Vector max);
Comprehensive Camerawork
rotation about an axis

order of rotation matters

Euler angles
3-2-1 angles

gimbal lock
StephenSeefeld.net

complex numbers
solution of cubic equations 16th century

two-dimensional representation

matrix representation

quaternions
extension of complex numbers

four-dimensional representation

matrix representation

geometric algebra (more abstract)
Dorst's site

Hitzer's site
Visibility Determination
- test a point for presence within a set of planes
  
  normal calculations - general rotation matrix - vector and angle
- ViewFrustum
  parameter - view * projection
  
  6 planes
  near and far planes
  
  left and right planes
  
  top and bottom planes
  
  coding
  constructor
  
  ViewFrustum::contains()
- Finite Size of Objects
  Expansion of the View Frustum
Index Buffers
amount of storage needed for vertex data

duplication of vertex data

indexing

indexed primitives

To Do

Resources

Wikipedia on Complex Numbers
Wikipedia on Quaternions
Wikipedia on quaternions and Spatial Rotations
Wolfram on Quaternions
CProgramming.com on Quaternions
Ogre intro on Quaternions
collision sample
indexBuffering sample

Week 4 - Jan 30

This Week

Meshes
What is a mesh?
vertex list -> vertex buffer

index list -> index buffer

attribute list -> subset to which primitives belong

pyramid sample

Stock Objects
Sphere
slices and partitions

Cylinder

Torus

Utah Teapot

APIGraphic.h and .cpp code

Custom Mesh
Create a Mesh

FVF settings

DrawSubset
DrawIndexedPrimitive parameters

APIGraphic.h code

X File
Create Mesh from File
SkyBox
definition of a skybox
attachment to camera

inverted coordinates

skybox textures

Graphic.cpp code

more complicated forms - skydome
Billboards
definition, purpose of a billboard

types of billboards
screen-aligned - useful for annotation text, lens flares
normal is opposite to camera heading

up is camera->up

axial - useful for cylindrical symmetry - trees (textured object does not face straight on)
up is fixed

normal faces the viewer as much as possible

view_plane - no distortion - useful for
normal is fixed (opposite to camera heading)

up is open to change

viewpoint - simulates distortion due to perspective projection - useful for clouds
normal is fixed (difference between viewpoint position and camera heading)

up is open to change

Object.h and Object.cpp code
Texture Filtering
mip maps
multum in parvo

texture creation

APITexture::SetSamplerState()
DirectX Errors
DirectX Utilities - Lookup Tool

APIDisplay::restore() example

To Do

Resources

Week 5 - Feb 6

This Week

Vertex Declarations
FVF Codes

D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 struct
The Pipeline
What is a pipeline
The GPU
What is a GPU
- nVidia
  GeForce
  
  Quadro
  
  Tesla
  
  Comparison
- AMD (previously ATI)
  Radeon 520
  
  Comparison
Shader Languages
what is a shader

dedicated shaders

unified shaders

how does a shader work
- Languages
  HLSL - Microsoft
  
  Cg - nVidia
  
  GLSL - OpenGL (Khronos)
Vertex Shaders
Pixel Shaders
effect of skybox and point light on frame rate

To Do

Week 6 - Feb 13

This Week

Vertex Shader Programming

Host

APIPlatformSettings.h - Vertex Shader Identification - select between fixed function and programmable pipelines here

// shader file data
#define VERTEX_SHADER_FILE        L"vertexShader.hlsl"
#define VERTEX_SHADER_ENTRY_POINT "vertexShader"

APIBase.h - pointers into the shader - APIBase is the base class for the graphics API classes

    static IDirect3DVertexShader9* vertexShader; // vertex shader
    static ID3DXConstantTable*     uniformVS;    // for vertex shader

APIBase.cpp - initialize the shader pointers

IDirect3DVertexShader9* APIBase::vertexShader   = nullptr; // vertex shader
ID3DXConstantTable*     APIBase::uniformVS      = nullptr; // for vertex shader

APIDisplay.h - keeps track of the current projection matrix

    Matrix   projection;       // projection transformation

APIDisplay.cpp - setup() - checks the shader version

    // points to compiled shader code
    LPD3DXBUFFER compiledCodeVS = nullptr;

    // check for minimum vertex shader version required
    if (caps.VertexShaderVersion < D3DVS_VERSION(2,0))
        error(L"APIDisplay::09 Device does not support vertex shader 2_0");

compiles the shader hlsl code, retrieves address of constant memory and vertex shader

    // compile the vertex shader source code
    else if (FAILED(D3DXCompileShaderFromFile(VERTEX_SHADER_FILE, NULL,
     NULL, VERTEX_SHADER_ENTRY_POINT, D3DXGetVertexShaderProfile(d3dd),
     D3DXSHADER_DEBUG | D3DXSHADER_SKIPOPTIMIZATION,
     &compiledCodeVS, NULL, &uniformVS))) {
        release();
        error(L"APIDisplay::13 Unable to compile vertex shader");
    }
    // create the vertex shader object
    else if (FAILED(d3dd->CreateVertexShader(
     (DWORD*)compiledCodeVS->GetBufferPointer(), &vertexShader))) {
        compiledCodeVS->Release();
        release();
        error(L"APIDisplay::14 Unable to create vertex shader object");
    }
    else {
        compiledCodeVS->Release();

sets the current vertex shader

        d3dd->SetVertexShader(vertexShader);

APIDisplay.cpp - setProjection() - stores the projection matrix

    this->projection = *((Matrix*)projection);

APIDisplay.cpp - beginDrawFrame() - copies the view matrix and the camera heading to constant memory

    Matrix& v = *((Matrix*)view);
    Matrix viewProjection = v * projection;
    uniformVS->SetMatrix(d3dd, "viewProjection",
     (D3DXMATRIX*)&viewProjection);
    Vector heading(v.m13, v.m23, v.m33);
    // Required for specular lighting calculations
    uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "heading", (FLOAT*)&heading, 3);

        Colour colour(red, green, blue);
        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "ambient", (FLOAT*)&colour, 4);
        uniformVS->SetInt(d3dd, "noLights", 4);

APIDisplay.cpp - set() - copies the lighting state to constant memory

                uniformVS->SetBool(d3dd, "lighting", b);

APIDisplay.cpp - setWorld() - copies the world matrix to constant memory

        uniformVS->SetMatrix(d3dd, "world", (D3DXMATRIX*)world);

APIDisplay.cpp - setReflectivity() - copies the reflectivity to constant memory

        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.ambient",  (FLOAT*)&r.ambient, 4);
        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.diffuse",  (FLOAT*)&r.diffuse, 4);
        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.specular", (FLOAT*)&r.specular, 4);
        uniformVS->SetFloat     (d3dd, "material.power",    (FLOAT)r.power);

APIDisplay.cpp - release() - releases constant memory and the vertex shader

    // release the shader COM objects
    if (uniformVS) {
        uniformVS->Release();
        uniformVS = nullptr;
    }
    if (vertexShader) {
        vertexShader->Release();
        vertexShader = nullptr;
    }

APILight.cpp - setup() - copies the light properties to constant memory

        // Populate the vertex shader constant table
        //
        // Light descriptors within the vertex shader
        char typ[] = "light[0].type";
        char amb[] = "light[0].ambient";
        char dif[] = "light[0].diffuse";
        char spe[] = "light[0].specular";
        char pos[] = "light[0].position";
        char dir[] = "light[0].direction";
        char spt[] = "light[0].spot";
        char att[] = "light[0].attenuation";
        char ran[] = "light[0].range";
        //
        // Reset index in light descriptor
        typ[6] = index + '0';
        amb[6] = index + '0';
        dif[6] = index + '0';
        spe[6] = index + '0';
        pos[6] = index + '0';
        dir[6] = index + '0';
        spt[6] = index + '0';
        att[6] = index + '0';
        ran[6] = index + '0';
        // Populate the vertex shader constant table
        Vector attenuation(attenuation0, attenuation1, attenuation2);
        Vector spot(cosf(phi/2), cosf(theta/2), falloff);
        Vector zero;
        uniformVS->SetInt(d3dd, typ, type);
        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, amb, (FLOAT*)&ambient, 4);
        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, dif, (FLOAT*)&diffuse, 4);
        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, spe, (FLOAT*)&specular, 4);
        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, pos, (FLOAT*)&zero, 3);
        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, dir, (FLOAT*)&zero, 3);
        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, att, (FLOAT*)&attenuation, 3);
        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, spt, (FLOAT*)&spot, 3);
        uniformVS->SetFloat(d3dd, ran, range);
        rc = true;

APILight.cpp - turnOn() - repositions the light and turns it on

        char constantLightOn[] = "lightOn[0]";
        constantLightOn[8] = index + '0';
        char pos[] = "light[0].position";
        char dir[] = "light[0].direction";
        pos[6] = index + '0';
        dir[6] = index + '0';
        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, pos, (FLOAT*)&p, 3);
        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, dir, (FLOAT*)&o, 3);
        uniformVS->SetBool(d3dd, constantLightOn, true);

APILight.cpp - update() - repositions the light

        char constantLightOn[] = "lightOn[0]";
        constantLightOn[8] = index + '0';
        char pos[] = "light[0].position";
        char dir[] = "light[0].direction";
        pos[6] = index + '0';
        dir[6] = index + '0';
        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, pos, (FLOAT*)&p, 3);
        uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, dir, (FLOAT*)&o, 3);
        uniformVS->SetBool(d3dd, constantLightOn, true);

APILight.cpp - turnOff() - turns off the light

        char constantLightOn[] = "lightOn[0]";
        constantLightOn[8] = index + '0';
        uniformVS->SetBool(d3dd, constantLightOn, false);

APIGraphic.h - class APIXMesh - processes an X file mesh

    D3DXCOLOR*          ambient;
    D3DXCOLOR*          diffuse;
    D3DXCOLOR*          specular;
    FLOAT*              power;

APIGraphic.cpp - APIXMesh() - constructor

    ambient  = nullptr;
    diffuse  = nullptr;
    specular = nullptr;
    power    = nullptr;

APIGraphic.cpp - APIXMesh() - copy constructor

    ambient  = nullptr;
    diffuse  = nullptr;
    specular = nullptr;
    power    = nullptr;

APIGraphic.cpp - operator=() = assignment operator

        if (ambient)
            delete [] ambient;
        if (diffuse)
            delete [] diffuse;
        if (specular)
            delete [] specular;
        if (power)
            delete [] power;
        ambient  = new D3DXCOLOR[src.nSubsets];
        diffuse  = new D3DXCOLOR[src.nSubsets];
        specular = new D3DXCOLOR[src.nSubsets];
        power    = new FLOAT[src.nSubsets];

        for (unsigned i = 0; i < nSubsets; i++) {
            ambient[i]  = src.ambient[i];
            diffuse[i]  = src.diffuse[i];
            specular[i] = src.specular[i];
            power[i]    = src.power[i];
        }

APIGraphic.cpp - setup() -

        ambient  = new D3DXCOLOR[nSubsets];
        diffuse  = new D3DXCOLOR[nSubsets];
        specular = new D3DXCOLOR[nSubsets];
        power    = new FLOAT[nSubsets];

            ambient[i].r = matl[i].MatD3D.Diffuse.r * 0.7f;
            ambient[i].g = matl[i].MatD3D.Diffuse.g * 0.7f;
            ambient[i].b = matl[i].MatD3D.Diffuse.b * 0.7f;
            ambient[i].a = matl[i].MatD3D.Diffuse.a;
            diffuse[i]   = matl[i].MatD3D.Diffuse; // reflected from lights
            specular[i]  = matl[i].MatD3D.Specular;       // shine from lights
            power[i]     = matl[i].MatD3D.Power; // 0 if it shouldn't be shiny

APIGraphic.cpp - draw()

            uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.ambient", (FLOAT*)&ambient[i], 4);
            uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.diffuse", (FLOAT*)&diffuse[i], 4);
            uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.specular", (FLOAT*)&specular[i], 4);
            uniformVS->SetFloat(d3dd, "material.power", (FLOAT)power[i]);

APIGraphic.cpp - suspend()

    if (ambient)
        delete [] ambient;
    if (diffuse)
        delete [] diffuse;
    if (specular)
        delete [] specular;
    if (power)
        delete [] power;

Device

vertexShader.hlsl - Constant Memory

#define MLIGHTS 4
#define POINT_LIGHT       0
#define SPOT_LIGHT        1
#define DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT 2

// Types
//
// Light holds the data for a single light in world space
//
struct Light {
    int    type;        // POINT_LIGHT, SPOT_LIGHT, DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
    float4 ambient;    
    float4 diffuse;
    float4 specular;
    float3 direction;   // in world space
    float3 position;    // in world space
    float3 attenuation; // .xyz for 1.0f/ (.x + .y * d + .z * d * d)
    float3 spot;        // .x = cos(phi/2), .y = cos(theta/2), .z = falloff
    float  range;       // where attenuation becomes 0
};

// Material holds the reflectivity properties of the material
//
struct Material {
    float4 ambient;
    float4 diffuse;
    float4 specular;
    float  power;
};

// RawVertex holds the untransformed data for a single vertex
//
struct RawVertex {

    float3 position : POSITION;  // position in local space
    float3 normal   : NORMAL;    // normal in local space
    float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD;  // texture coordinates
};

// TransformedVertex holds the transformed data for a single vertex
//
struct TransformedVertex {

    float4 position  : POSITION;   // position in homogeneous clip space
    float4 colour    : COLOR;      // colour of the lit vertex
    float2 texCoord0 : TEXCOORD0;  // texture coordinates - stage 0
    float2 texCoord1 : TEXCOORD1;  // texture coordinates - stage 1
};

// Uniform Data (constant for a stream of vertices)
//
// Lighting
float4   ambient;          // global ambient light - always on
Light    light[MLIGHTS];   // static lights
bool     lightOn[MLIGHTS]; // switches for static lights
Material material;         // material reflectivity
// Geometry
float4x4 viewProjection;   // view * projection transformation
float4x4 world;            // world transformation
float3   heading;          // camera heading for specular calcs
// Lit Vertex
bool     litVertex;        // omit lighting calculations - already lit

vertexShader.hlsl - vertexShader()

// vertexShader receives a raw vertex and returns the transformed vertex
//
TransformedVertex vertexShader(RawVertex raw) {

    TransformedVertex transformed;
    float4            worldPosition;  // world position of the vertex
    float3            worldNormal;    // vertex normal in world space

    // Transform the vertex to homogeneous clip coordinates
    //
    // A more efficient algorithm would accept the world*view*projection
    // tranformation as one uniform matrix and avoid the 2-stage product
    // This will require a bit of restructuring of the application code.
    //
    worldPosition = mul(float4(raw.position, 1.0), world); // local to world
    transformed.position = mul(worldPosition, viewProjection); //... to clip

    // not working
    if (litVertex) {
          transformed.colour.r = raw.normal.r;
          transformed.colour.g = raw.normal.g;
          transformed.colour.b = raw.normal.b;
          transformed.colour.a = 1.0f;
    }
    else {

    // Transform the vertex normal to world space. Only the rotation-scaling
    // part of the world transformation is used. Since the world
    // transformation may contain scaling, the result of this multiplication
    // needs to be normalized.
    //
    worldNormal = mul(raw.normal, (float3x3)world);
    worldNormal = normalize(worldNormal);
   
    // Determine the colour of the vertex from each light in turn
    //
    // Use the cosine of the angle between the worldNormal and the direction
    // of the light to determine the amount of reflected light. The cosine
    // is given by the dot product, if both vectors have been normalized. If
    // the cosine is less than 0, the angle is greater than 90 degrees and
    // no light is reflected.  Use saturate() to implement this condition.
    //
    // A more efficient algorithm would supply the light direction already
    // converted to the local space of the vertex (by using the inverse of
    // the world transformation).
    //
   
    float  diffuseFactor, reflectFactor, distance;
    float  attenuationFactor, spotFactor, rho;
    float3 lightDirection, camera = normalize(heading);
    float3 ambientLight  = ambient.xyz;
    float3 diffuseLight  = (float3)0;
    float3 specularLight = (float3)0;
   
    for (int i = 0; i < MLIGHTS; i++) {
        if (lightOn[i]) {
            lightDirection = - normalize((light[i].type == POINT_LIGHT)?
             float3(worldPosition.x, worldPosition.y, worldPosition.z) -
             light[i].position : light[i].direction);
            diffuseFactor = saturate(dot(worldNormal, lightDirection));
            reflectFactor = saturate(dot(normalize(2 * diffuseFactor *
             worldNormal - lightDirection), camera));
            attenuationFactor = 1.0f;
            spotFactor = 1.0f;
           
            if (light[i].type == POINT_LIGHT ||
             light[i].type == SPOT_LIGHT) {
                // detail calcs for attenuationFactor and spotFactor
                distance = length((float3)worldPosition - light[i].position);
                if (distance < light[i].range) {
                    attenuationFactor = light[i].attenuation.x +
                     light[i].attenuation.y * distance +
                     light[i].attenuation.z * distance * distance;
                    attenuationFactor = 1.0f / attenuationFactor;
                    if (light[i].type == SPOT_LIGHT) {
                        rho = saturate(dot(normalize(light[i].position -
                         float3(worldPosition.x, worldPosition.y,
                         worldPosition.z)),
                         normalize(-light[i].direction)));
                        if (rho <= light[i].spot.x)
                            spotFactor = 0.0f;
                        else if (rho <= light[i].spot.y)
                            spotFactor = pow(
                             abs((rho - light[i].spot.x)/
                             (light[i].spot.y - light[i].spot.x)),
                             light[i].spot.z);
                    }
                }
                else
                    attenuationFactor = 0.0f;
            }

            // accumulate ambient, diffuse, and specular elements of light
            //
            ambientLight += attenuationFactor * spotFactor *
             light[i].ambient.xyz;
            diffuseLight += attenuationFactor * spotFactor * diffuseFactor *
             light[i].diffuse.xyz;
            specularLight += attenuationFactor * spotFactor *
             light[i].specular.xyz * pow(reflectFactor, material.power);
        }
    }
   
    // apply material reflectivity to each accumulated element of light
    // to obtain the colour of the lit vertex
    //
    transformed.colour.xyz =
     saturate(material.ambient.xyz * ambientLight) +
     saturate(material.diffuse.xyz * diffuseLight) +
     saturate(material.specular.xyz * specularLight);
    
    // pass the diffuse alpha along as the alpha component
    //
    transformed.colour.w = material.diffuse.w;
    }

    // pass the texture coordinates along unaltered
    //
    transformed.texCoord0 = raw.texCoord;
    transformed.texCoord1 = raw.texCoord;

    return transformed;
}

Fragment Shader

Host

APIPlatformSettings.h

#define FRAGMENT_SHADER_FILE        L"fragmentShader.hlsl"
#define FRAGMENT_SHADER_ENTRY_POINT "fragmentShader"

APIBase.h

    // Fragment Shader Support
    static IDirect3DPixelShader9* fragmentShader; // fragment shader
    static ID3DXConstantTable*    uniformFS;      // for fragment shader

APIBase.cpp

IDirect3DPixelShader9*  APIBase::fragmentShader = nullptr; // fragment shader
ID3DXConstantTable*     APIBase::uniformFS      = nullptr; // for fragment shader

APIDisplay.cpp - setup()

    LPD3DXBUFFER compiledCodeFS = nullptr;

    // checks for minimum pixel shader version required
    else if (caps.PixelShaderVersion < D3DPS_VERSION(3,0))
        error(L"Display::10 Device does not support pixel shader 3_0");

    // compile the fragment shader source code
    else if (FAILED(D3DXCompileShaderFromFile(FRAGMENT_SHADER_FILE, NULL,
     NULL, FRAGMENT_SHADER_ENTRY_POINT, D3DXGetPixelShaderProfile(d3dd), 0,
     &compiledCodeFS, NULL, &uniformFS))) {
        release();
        error(L"APIDisplay::15 Unable to compile the fragment shader code");
    }
    // create the pixel shader object
    else if (FAILED(d3dd->CreatePixelShader(
     (DWORD*)compiledCodeFS->GetBufferPointer(), &fragmentShader))) {
        compiledCodeFS->Release();
        release();
        error(L"APIDisplay::16 Unable to create fragment shader object");
    }
    else {
        compiledCodeFS->Release();

D3DXCompileShaderFromFile()

D3DXGetPixelShaderProfile()

IDirect3DDevice9::CreatePixelShader()

        d3dd->SetPixelShader(fragmentShader);

IDirect3DDevice9::SetPixelShader()

APIDisplay.cpp - beginDrawFrame()

        Colour colour(red, green, blue);
        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "ambient", (FLOAT*)&colour, 4);
        uniformFS->SetInt(d3dd, "noLights", 4);

ID3DXConstantTable::SetFloatArray()

ID3DXConstantTable::SetInt()

APIDisplay.cpp - set()

                uniformFS->SetBool(d3dd, "lighting", b);

ID3DXConstantTable::SetBool()

APIDisplay.cpp - setReflectivity()

        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.ambient",  (FLOAT*)&r.ambient, 4);
        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.diffuse",  (FLOAT*)&r.diffuse, 4);
        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.specular", (FLOAT*)&r.specular, 4);
        uniformFS->SetFloat     (d3dd, "material.power",    (FLOAT)r.power);

APIDisplay.cpp - release()

    }
    if (uniformFS) {
        uniformFS->Release();
        uniformFS = nullptr;
    }
    if (fragmentShader) {
        fragmentShader->Release();
        fragmentShader = nullptr;
    }

APIGraphic.cpp - APIXMesh::draw()

            uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.ambient", (FLOAT*)&ambient[i], 4);
            uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.diffuse", (FLOAT*)&diffuse[i], 4);
            uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.specular", (FLOAT*)&specular[i], 4);
            uniformFS->SetFloat(d3dd, "material.power", (FLOAT)power[i]);

ID3DXConstantTable::SetFloat()

APILight.cpp - setup()

        uniformFS->SetInt(d3dd, typ, type);
        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, amb, (FLOAT*)&ambient, 4);
        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, dif, (FLOAT*)&diffuse, 4);
        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, spe, (FLOAT*)&specular, 4);
        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, pos, (FLOAT*)&zero, 3);
        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, dir, (FLOAT*)&zero, 3);
        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, att, (FLOAT*)&attenuation, 3);
        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, spt, (FLOAT*)&spot, 3);
        uniformFS->SetFloat(d3dd, ran, range);

APILight.cpp - turnOn()

        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, pos, (FLOAT*)&p, 3);
        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, dir, (FLOAT*)&o, 3);
        uniformFS->SetBool(d3dd, constantLightOn, true);

        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, pos, (FLOAT*)&p, 3);
        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, dir, (FLOAT*)&o, 3);
        uniformFS->SetBool(d3dd, constantLightOn, true);

APILight.cpp - update()

        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, pos, (FLOAT*)&p, 3);
        uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, dir, (FLOAT*)&o, 3);
        uniformFS->SetBool(d3dd, constantLightOn, true);

APILight.cpp - turnOff()

        uniformFS->SetBool(d3dd, constantLightOn, false);

APITexture.cpp - attach()

        char str[] = "texOn";
        uniformFS->SetBool(d3dd, str, true);

APITexture.cpp - detach()

        char str[] = "texOn";
        uniformFS->SetBool(d3dd, str, false);

Device

vertexShader.hlsl - Constant Memory

// Types
//
// RawVertex holds the original data for a vertex in the stream
//
struct RawVertex {

    float3 position : POSITION;  // position in local space
    float3 normal   : NORMAL;    // normal in local space
    float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD0;  // texture coordinates
};

// TransformedVertex holds the transformed data for the vertex
//
struct TransformedVertex {

    float4 position : POSITION;   // position in homogeneous clip space
    float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD;   // texture coordinates
    float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;  // position in world space
    float3 worldNor : TEXCOORD2;  // lighting normal in world space
    float3 toViewer : TEXCOORD3;  // direction to viewer in world space
};

// Uniform Data (constant for the stream of vertices)
//
// Geometry
float4x4 viewProjection;   // view * projection transformation
float4x4 world;            // world transformation
float3   viewPoint;        // camera viewpoint for specular calcs
// Lit Vertex
bool     litVertex;        // omit lighting calculations - already lit

vertexShader.hlsl - vertexShader()

// TransformedVertex holds the transformed data for the vertex
//
struct TransformedVertex {

    float4 position : POSITION;   // position in homogeneous clip space
    float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD;   // texture coordinates
    float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;  // position in world space
    float3 worldNor : TEXCOORD2;  // lighting normal in world space
    float3 toViewer : TEXCOORD3;  // direction to viewer in world space
};

// Uniform Data (constant for the stream of vertices)
//
// Geometry
float4x4 viewProjection;   // view * projection transformation
float4x4 world;            // world transformation
float3   viewPoint;        // camera viewpoint for specular calcs
// Lit Vertex
bool     litVertex;        // omit lighting calculations - already lit

// vertexShader receives a raw data for a vertex and transforms that data
//
TransformedVertex vertexShader(RawVertex raw) {

    TransformedVertex transformed;    // result returned by this function
    float4            worldPosition;  // world position of the vertex
    float3            worldNormal;    // vertex normal in world space

    // Transform the vertex to homogeneous clip coordinates
    //
    // A more efficient algorithm would accept the world*view*projection
    // tranformation as one uniform matrix and avoid the 2-stage product
    // This will require a bit of restructuring of the application code.
    //
    worldPosition = mul(float4(raw.position, 1.0), world); // local to world
    transformed.position = mul(worldPosition, viewProjection); //... to clip
    transformed.worldPos = worldPosition.xyz;

    // Transform the vertex normal to world space. Only the rotation-scaling
    // part of the world transformation is used. Since the world
    // transformation may contain scaling, the result of this multiplication
    // needs to be normalized.
    //
    worldNormal = mul(raw.normal, (float3x3)world);
    worldNormal = normalize(worldNormal);
    transformed.worldNor = worldNormal;
   
    // Determine the direction from the camera's viewpoint to this vertex for
    // subsequent lighting calculations
    //
    transformed.toViewer = normalize(viewPoint - worldPosition.xyz);
   
    // pass the texture coordinates along unaltered
    //
    transformed.texCoord = raw.texCoord;

    return transformed;
}

fragmentShader.hlsl - Constant Memory

#define MLIGHTS 4
#define MTEXTURES 2
#define POINT_LIGHT       0
#define SPOT_LIGHT        1
#define DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT 2

// Types
//
// Light holds the data for a single static light in world space
//
struct Light {
    int    type;        // POINT_LIGHT, SPOT_LIGHT, DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
    float4 ambient;    
    float4 diffuse;
    float4 specular;
    float3 direction;   // in world space
    float3 position;    // in world space
    float3 attenuation; // .xyz for 1.0f/ (.x + .y * d + .z * d * d)
    float3 spot;        // .x = cos(phi/2), .y = cos(theta/2), .z = falloff
    float  range;       // where attenuation becomes 0
};

// Material holds the reflectivity properties of the material
//
struct Material {
    float4 ambient;
    float4 diffuse;
    float4 specular;
    float  power;
};

// RawPixel holds the data for a single fragment of the stream
//
struct RawPixel {
    float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;  // texture coordinate at this fragment
    float3 position : TEXCOORD1;  // fragment position in world space
    float3 normal   : TEXCOORD2;  // lighting normal in world space
    float3 toViewer : TEXCOORD3;  // direction to viewer in world space
};

// Uniform Data (constant for a stream of fragments)
//
float4 ambient;           // global ambient light - always on
int    noLights;          // no of active lights
Light  light[MLIGHTS];    // static lights
bool   lightOn[MLIGHTS];  // light switch
Material material;        // material reflectivity
bool   lighting;          // lighting calculations on?

bool    texOn; // texture switch
sampler2D tex; // set by the application

fragmentShader.hlsl - fragmentShader()

// The fragment shader receives raw fragment data and returns a pixel colour
//
float4 fragmentShader(RawPixel raw) : COLOR {

    float4 colour;          // result returned by this function
    float3 normal;          // normal to the fragment
    float3 toViewer;        // from fragment to the camera
    float3 toLightSource;   // from fragment to current light source
   
    // lighting contribution accumulators
    float3 ambientLight  = ambient.xyz;
    float3 diffuseLight  = (float3)0;
    float3 specularLight = (float3)0;
    // lighting calculation factors
    float  diffuseFactor, reflectFactor, distance;
    float  attenuationFactor, spotFactor, rho;
   
    // normalize the fragment data
    normal   = normalize(raw.normal);
    toViewer = normalize(raw.toViewer);
   
    // perform calculations for each light in turn
    for (int i = 0; i < noLights && i < MLIGHTS; i++) {
        if (lightOn[i]) {
            float diffuseFactor, reflectFactor, factor;
            // diffuse and reflection factors
            toLightSource = normalize((light[i].type == POINT_LIGHT)?
                light[i].position - raw.position : - light[i].direction);
            diffuseFactor = saturate(dot(normal, toLightSource));
            reflectFactor = saturate(dot(normalize(2 * diffuseFactor *
                normal - toLightSource), toViewer));

            attenuationFactor = 1.0f;
            spotFactor = 1.0f;
           
            if (light[i].type == POINT_LIGHT ||
                light[i].type == SPOT_LIGHT) {
                // detail calcs for attenuationFactor and spotFactor
                distance = length(raw.position - light[i].position);
                if (distance < light[i].range) {
                    attenuationFactor = light[i].attenuation.x +
                        light[i].attenuation.y * distance +
                        light[i].attenuation.z * distance * distance;
                    attenuationFactor = 1.0f / attenuationFactor;
                    if (light[i].type == SPOT_LIGHT) {
                        rho = saturate(dot(normalize(light[i].position -
                            float3(raw.position.x, raw.position.y,
                            raw.position.z)),
                            normalize(-light[i].direction)));
                        if (rho <= light[i].spot.x)
                            spotFactor = 0.0f;
                        else if (rho <= light[i].spot.y)
                            spotFactor = pow(abs(
                                (rho - light[i].spot.x)/
                                (light[i].spot.y - light[i].spot.x)),
                                light[i].spot.z);
                    }
                }
                else
                    attenuationFactor = 0.0f;
            }

            // accumulate ambient, diffuse, and specular elements of light
            //
            ambientLight += attenuationFactor * spotFactor *
                light[i].ambient.xyz;
            diffuseLight += attenuationFactor * spotFactor * diffuseFactor *
                light[i].diffuse.xyz;
            specularLight += attenuationFactor * spotFactor *
                light[i].specular.xyz * pow(reflectFactor, material.power);
        }
   
        // apply material reflectivity to each accumulated element of light
        // to obtain the colour of the lit fragment
        //
        colour.xyz =
         saturate(material.ambient.xyz * ambientLight) +
         saturate(material.diffuse.xyz * diffuseLight) +
         saturate(material.specular.xyz * specularLight);
        colour.w = material.diffuse.w;
    }

    // apply texture
    //
    if (texOn)
        colour *= tex2D(tex, raw.texcoord);

    return colour;
}

To Do

reorganize framework code so that vertex shader receives product of world, view, and projection matrices
- store viewProjection matrix as an instance variable in Display
- pre-multiply viewProjection by world to obtain composite matrix to pass to vertex shader
- add composite matrix to the constant table in the vertex shader
reorganize framework code to minimize duplication of heading normalization
- perform normalization of heading in APIDisplay::beginDrawFrame()

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GAM670/DPS905 Weekly Schedule 20121

GAM670/DPS905 -- Weekly Schedule 20121

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To Do

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Vertex Shader Programming

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