OPS235 Resources
Installation Video
F12 Live CD update Tracker
The following table shows the number of packages available for update on a given date on a Live Fedora 12 system.
| Date | No. of Packages | Size | Time(min.) |
| November 25, 2009 | 100 | 94MB | 5 |
| November 24, 2009 | 89 | 87MB | 5 |
| December 6, 2009 | 180 | 152MB | 8 |
| Date | No of Package | Size | Time(min.) |
F13 Live CD update Tracker
The following table shows the number of packages available for update on a given date on a Live Fedora 12 system.
| Date | No. of Packages | Size | Time(min.) |
| September 10, 2010 | 485 | 579MB | 5 |
| Date | No of Package | Size | Time(min.) |
Some facts about Fedora 12 Live DVD
Version information
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.31.5-127.fc12.i686 #1 SMP Sat Nov 7 21:41:45 EST 2009 i686 athlon i386 GNU/Linux
Number of packages
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | wc -l 1017
Super User Account
There is no password for the super user account "root". You can simply type "su -" to switch to super user account in order to perform the following task:
- yum update
- yum install package-name
- switch SELinux mode
- list, flush, add, delete firewall rule using the iptables command
- start/stop network service
- add/remove/modify user accounts
- add/remove software package
- other administrative tasks
- reading system log files
Monitoring System Main Log File
Most system daemons write log messages to the main system log file at /var/log/messages. As a system administrator, you can view any new log messages written to the file in real time using the following command line in a terminal window:
[root@localhost ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages Jan 13 11:59:01 localhost kernel: usb 1-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 5 Jan 13 11:59:01 localhost kernel: usb 1-2: New USB device found, idVendor=058f, idProduct=6387 Jan 13 11:59:01 localhost kernel: usb 1-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 Jan 13 11:59:01 localhost kernel: usb 1-2: Product: Mass Storage Jan 13 11:59:01 localhost kernel: usb 1-2: Manufacturer: USB2.0 Jan 13 11:59:01 localhost kernel: usb 1-2: SerialNumber: 1C7FED06 Jan 13 11:59:01 localhost kernel: usb 1-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice Jan 13 11:59:01 localhost kernel: scsi9 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices Jan 13 11:59:06 localhost kernel: scsi 9:0:0:0: Direct-Access USB2.0 Flash Disk 8.07 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 Jan 13 11:59:06 localhost kernel: sd 9:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 Jan 13 11:59:06 localhost kernel: sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] 1998848 512-byte logical blocks: (1.02 GB/976 MiB) Jan 13 11:59:06 localhost kernel: sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off Jan 13 11:59:06 localhost kernel: sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through Jan 13 11:59:06 localhost kernel: sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through Jan 13 11:59:07 localhost kernel: sdc: unknown partition table Jan 13 11:59:07 localhost kernel: sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through Jan 13 11:59:07 localhost kernel: sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk Jan 13 11:59:07 localhost kernel: kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds Jan 13 11:59:07 localhost kernel: EXT3 FS on sdc, internal journal Jan 13 11:59:07 localhost kernel: EXT3-fs: recovery complete. Jan 13 11:59:07 localhost kernel: EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
The above messages were generated when a user plugged in an USB Flash drive to the system. In this example, the system assgined the device name [sdc] to identify the Flash drive.
Mail Package
Fedora 12 Live DVD does not install the malix package by default. To install the mailx package (so that user can use the mail command to read their local mails), follow the follwing steps:
[root@localhost mail]# yum install mailx Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekit Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mailx.i686 0:12.4-3.fc12 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ========================================================================================= Installing: mailx i686 12.4-3.fc12 fedora 214 k Transaction Summary ========================================================================================= Install 1 Package(s) Upgrade 0 Package(s) Total download size: 214 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Setting up and reading Presto delta metadata Processing delta metadata Package(s) data still to download: 214 k mailx-12.4-3.fc12.i686.rpm | 214 kB 00:01 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : mailx-12.4-3.fc12.i686 1/1 Installed: mailx.i686 0:12.4-3.fc12 Complete!
TCP/IP Network Services running on the Live DVD by default
- cups on port 631 (Common Unix Print Service)
- smtp on port 25 (Simple Message Transfer protocol, for handling emails exchange between local users)
- avahi-daemon on port 5353 and 49032
- bootpc on port 68 (DHCP Client)
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -atup Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:ipp *:* LISTEN 1500/cupsd tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:smtp *:* LISTEN 1800/sendmail: acce tcp 0 0 localhost6.localdomain6:ipp *:* LISTEN 1500/cupsd udp 0 0 *:mdns *:* 1489/avahi-daemon: udp 0 0 *:ipp *:* 1500/cupsd udp 0 0 *:49032 *:* 1489/avahi-daemon: udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:* 1698/dhclient
SELinux Configuration
Security Enhence Linux is enabled by default.
[root@localhost ~]# sestatus SELinux status: enabled SELinuxfs mount: /selinux Current mode: enforcing Mode from config file: enforcing Policy version: 24 Policy from config file: targeted [root@localhost ~]#
To Keep SELinux running but ask it not to enforce the Security Policy, do the following:
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 [root@localhost ~]# sestatus SELinux status: enabled SELinuxfs mount: /selinux Current mode: permissive Mode from config file: enforcing Policy version: 24 Policy from config file: targeted
It is not recommended to turn off SELinux. If you encounter some SELinux policy issues and can not get it resolve, then you should set it to permissive mode.
To switch SELinux from "permissive" mode to "enforcing" mode, do the following:
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 1 [root@localhost ~]# sestatus SELinux status: enabled SELinuxfs mount: /selinux Current mode: enforcing Mode from config file: enforcing Policy version: 24 Policy from config file: targeted
Firewall Configuration
Fedora distribution use "netfilter" kernel module for building a Stateful Packet Filtering firewall. Firewall is enable on Fedora Live DVD by default.
Default Firewall Setting
The default firewall configuration:
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -L --line-number Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination 1 ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 2 ACCEPT icmp -- anywhere anywhere 3 ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere 4 ACCEPT udp -- anywhere 224.0.0.251 state NEW udp dpt:mdns 5 REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination 1 REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination
- Incoming packets will be filtered based on firewall rules for the INPUT chain (Chain num 1 to 5)
- Rule number 1 allows any packets which are related to any packets went out before
- Rule number 2 allows any icmp packets, including echo-request and echo-reply packet (used by the ping command)
- Rule number 3 allows packets coming from the loop back network interface (lo), need to "-v" to show the interface name.
- Rule number 4 allows packets go to IP address 224.0.0.251 port 5353
- Rule number 5 blocks all other incoming packets
- No packet will be forwarded.
- All outgoing packets are allowed.
Flush out firewall rules in the Filter table
To turn off the blocking of Incoming packet, do the following:
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F [root@localhost ~]# iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination
The "iptables -F" command "flushes" out all the firewall rules in the filter table. The "iptables -L" displays the updated firewall rules in the filter table (none left after the iptables -F command).
Restore default firewall rules to the Filter table
To restore the default firewall, do the following:
[root@localhost ~]# service iptables restart iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: raw mangle nat f[ OK ] iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ] iptables: Applying firewall rules:
Additional Software Package Installation
Apache Manual
Installation using yum
[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd-manual Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekit Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd-manual.noarch 0:2.2.13-4.fc12 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: httpd-manual noarch 2.2.13-4.fc12 fedora 767 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package(s) Upgrade 0 Package(s) Total download size: 767 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Setting up and reading Presto delta metadata fedora/prestodelta | 1.3 kB 00:00 Processing delta metadata Package(s) data still to download: 767 k httpd-manual-2.2.13-4.fc12.noarch.rpm | 767 kB 00:02 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : httpd-manual-2.2.13-4.fc12.noarch 1/1 Installed: httpd-manual.noarch 0:2.2.13-4.fc12 Complete!
Starting Apache Server
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start Starting httpd: [ OK ] [root@localhost ~]#
To access your Apache Web Server running on the Live DVD
- Open the Firefox Web Browser
- Type the url "http://localhost" into the address box and press ENTER
- Type the url "http://localhost/manual" to access the Apache manual
Applications
Reporting Problems about your Fedora Installation
Please read the bug report guide line to collect as much information as possible when reporting your Fedora problem to your professor.