Difference between revisions of "OPS235 Lab 1 - CentOS7"
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<li>Configure the following installation settings from the ''Install Summary Screen'':<br><br><b>DATE & TIME:</b><ul><li>Click on the Map to select Toronto area (you may also select from the drop-down menu section)</li><li>Click the <b>DONE</b> button at the top-right corner to finish and return to the Installation Summary screen.</li></ul><br><b>NETWORK & HOSTNAME:</b><ul><li>Select the default Ethernet connection and click the button on the right-hand side to change the setting from <b>OFF</b> to <b>ON</b>.</li><li>At the bottom right-hand corner type the hostname: <b>c7host</b> (all lowercase letters)</li><li>Review your settings, then click the <b>DONE</b> button at the top-right corner to finish and return to the Installation Summary screen.</li></ul><br><b>SOFTWARE SELECTION:</b><ul><li>Select the software packages labelled: <b>Gnome Desktop</b></li><li>Click the <b>DONE</b> button at the top-right corner to finish and return to the Installation Summary screen.</li></ul><br></li> <li>Although the Centos installtion program can provide suggestions on how to partition your hard disk, you will be customizing partitions for your hard disk. This custom partitioning is important since it will have consequences on future labs that you perform (especially lab2!).</li> | <li>Configure the following installation settings from the ''Install Summary Screen'':<br><br><b>DATE & TIME:</b><ul><li>Click on the Map to select Toronto area (you may also select from the drop-down menu section)</li><li>Click the <b>DONE</b> button at the top-right corner to finish and return to the Installation Summary screen.</li></ul><br><b>NETWORK & HOSTNAME:</b><ul><li>Select the default Ethernet connection and click the button on the right-hand side to change the setting from <b>OFF</b> to <b>ON</b>.</li><li>At the bottom right-hand corner type the hostname: <b>c7host</b> (all lowercase letters)</li><li>Review your settings, then click the <b>DONE</b> button at the top-right corner to finish and return to the Installation Summary screen.</li></ul><br><b>SOFTWARE SELECTION:</b><ul><li>Select the software packages labelled: <b>Gnome Desktop</b></li><li>Click the <b>DONE</b> button at the top-right corner to finish and return to the Installation Summary screen.</li></ul><br></li> <li>Although the Centos installtion program can provide suggestions on how to partition your hard disk, you will be customizing partitions for your hard disk. This custom partitioning is important since it will have consequences on future labs that you perform (especially lab2!).</li> | ||
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− | |width="40%"|{{Admon/important |You're supposed to use this hard drive only for this course| But if you really need to use it for two courses, and the professor for the other (probably windows) course will allow it - ask your professor for help with partitioning.}}<br><br>[[Image:installation_summary.png|thumb|right| | + | |width="40%"|{{Admon/important |You're supposed to use this hard drive only for this course| But if you really need to use it for two courses, and the professor for the other (probably windows) course will allow it - ask your professor for help with partitioning.}}<br><br>[[Image:installation_summary.png|thumb|right|500px|The <b>Installation Summary screen</b> provides flexibly when configuring to install on your computer. ]] |
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== Part 2: Custom Partitioning == | == Part 2: Custom Partitioning == |
Revision as of 16:49, 24 March 2015
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Contents
LAB PREPARATION
Purpose / Objectives of Lab 1
You need to install a Linux OS to be a host or "platform" to install and use other Linux VMs (Virtual Machines) during this course.
The Linux OS you will be installing in this lab will be a Host Machine (hostname: c7host) that will allow you to run Virtualization Software to create 3 separate virtual machines (to be performed in lab2). It is important to install this host machine correctly since other labs will depend on the stability of this host machine.
Main objectives:
- Correctly install the CentOS 7 FULL INSTALL DVD (not LIVE DVD) on your removable hard disk.
- Record installation characteristics of CentOS 7 FULL INSTALL in a chart (contained in lab2 logbook chart) to compare with other installation methods performed in lab2.
- Verify correct settings prior to proceeding with host installation stages.
- Obtain Linux server information after installation to create a software asset report for later access.
- Disable Linux Kernel security enhancements to allow easier internal networking connections (to be reactivated in a later lab).
- Observe that Bash Shell Scripts can automate routine tasks.
Required Materials / Lab Preparation
Online Linux Command Online Reference
Package Management | System Information | Networking | Miscellaneous |
INVESTIGATION 1: CREATE HOST MACHINE (c7host)
Part 1: Start Installation
|
Part 2: Custom Partitioning
|
Part 3: Completing Installation
- During the installation process, you will required to create a root password (for administration access) and create a regular user account. Click on Root Password and enter your root password. Think of an appropriate password and record that password somewhere in case you forget! An indicator will appear to show you how secure your password is. Retype your root password and click Done (you may have to click Done twice if your password is strong).
- You need to create a regular user account. This account will be used to graphical log into your host machine. It is never recommended to graphically log into a graphical Linux/Unix system as root. It is better to log into a regualr user account, then run a command to login as root (you will learn how to do this later in this lab.
- Click User Creation and enter your full name, username, and an appropriate password (and confirm password). Click Done to finish.
- Remember to record this host installation information in the comparison chart in lab2.
- When installation is complete, you will notice a message at the bottom of the screen stating: CentOS is now successfully installed and ready for you to use!
- Click the Reboot button. Your DVD will briefly open in the DVD drive bay. Make certain to remove this installation DVD so that Centos will boot from your hard drive.
- After the system reboots, login by clicking on your account name and entering the regular user password.
- The last phase of the installation process should now run:
- Click Accept to confirm you will abide by the License and click Done.
- Accept defaults to participate running KDump application that will report errors to developers for improvements to Centos7.
- Select English as the default input source.
- Quickly view Getting Started Resources, then close the help window.
- Proceed to Investigation 2 to obtain basic information from your newly installed Centos Host machine.
Answer Investigation 1 observations (all parts and questions) in your lab log book.
INVESTIGATION 2: OBTAINING HOST MACHINE SYSTEM INFORMATION
Part 1: Obtaining Package Management / Package Information
Navigate through your Graphical CentOS system, locate and run a terminal program (in order to issue Linux commands). Issue and record the commands used and the output generated in each of the following steps:
- The name of the installation log file is
/root/install.log
-- It is an ASCII file (how can you be sure?) which can be viewed with theless
command. - You can make use of this file to determine how many packages have been installed: complete the following command to count the number of packages that are labelled "Installing" in the installation log file:
-
grep ________________ ________________ | wc -l
-
- Using the
rpm
command: you can also use the following commands to list all the installed packages, and the total number of packages installed:
-
rpm -q -a
-
rpm -q -a | wc -l
-
rpm -qa | wc -l
-
- The
-q
option means query, and the-a
option means all (in other words, query all installed software packages). Did you get the same number of packages from the above two methods? - Some of the files on your system were installed with the software packages, and some were created by system activity (for example, by creating your Learn account and by logging in). If you know the package name (from the
install.log
), you can list all the files that were installed from the package by using the following command:
-
rpm -q -l package_name
(where package_name represents the name of the application or package)
-
- This combines the
-q
(query) option with the-l
(list filenames) option - You can pipe the outupt through
wc -l
to count the number of lines:
-
rpm -ql package_name| wc -l
-
- Using what you learned in steps 3, 4, and 7, get a count of the total number of files installed by all of the software packages on your system.
Part2: Obtaining System and Network Information
- To find out the name that you have assigned to your Linux system, enter the command:
hostname
- To find out the kernel version of your GNU/Linux workstation and the date it was created, enter the command:
uname -rv
- To find out all the system processes running on your GNU/Linux workstation, enter the command:
ps -ef
- To capture the list of all the system processes to a file called
ps.lst
, enter the command:ps -ef > ps.lst
- Copy the installation log file
/root/install.log
and the file ps.lst to a USB memory key, or scp to your matrix account as a backup. - View the section below to learn about and perform an update on your fresh CentOS install (you may have to find spare time to perform this install if you are running short on lab time). Do not proceed to Investigation 3 without performing an update.
- The CentOS software is updated frequently to add features, fix bugs, and upgrade security. Perform a system update to get the latest versions of the packages installed: Start the Firefox web browser, turn off popup window blocking (select Edit>Preferences, then select the Content tab and uncheck the box to Block Popups), then login to SeneNET. Open a terminal and type
su
to start a shell as root. Enter the commandyum update
This will download and install all of the packages that have been updated since the installation DVD image was created. If you complete this command at Seneca it should run quite fast as Seneca College hosts a CentOS Repository mirror (a copy of all of the current CentOS packages, on a local web server).
Answer the Investigation 2 observations / questions in your lab log book.
- Your system may not be automatically connected to Seneca's network. Locate the network icon (on top right-hand panel). Click on that icon, and select
system eth0
- Open a web-browser and log into Seneca's wired network. You will need to perform this set every time you start a new session with your computer to perform future labs.
- Open a shell terminal.
- To check the network configuration settings obtained from the DHCP server, run the following commands, describing the output in your log book:
- ifconfig
- route -n
- nslookup (at the > prompt, enter the word "server" (do not type the quotes) and record the output. Type exit to leave nslookup).
- Find the following information in the output of the above commands:
- MAC address of the ethernet network interface
- Subnet mask
- The IP address assigned to you by the DHCP server
- The default gateway
- The DNS nameserver
Answer the Investigation 3 observations / questions in your lab log book.
INVESTIGATION 3: LOOKING AHEAD
Part 1: Disable SELinux
- Disabling SELinux is quite simple, just edit the file /etc/selinux/config and set SELINUX to disabled.
Part 2: Automating Routine Tasks (Shell Scripting)
COMPLETING THE LAB / INSTRUCTOR SIGN-OFF
Arrange evidence (command output) for each of these items on your screen, then ask your instructor to review them and sign off on the lab's completion:
- Installed package count
- Output of lsblk command showing correct partition names and sizes
- Correct IP address and MAC address
- Default route (gateway)
- DNS name server IP Address
- lab1 notes and first column of Comparison Chart in lab2.
ADDITIONAL PRACTICE
- How many packages were installed?
- How many files (correct to the nearest hundred) were installed?
- How many users were created automatically on your system (do not count your learn account)?
- What is your learn account's UID and GID?
- What is your learn account's home directory?
- What is the home directory for the user "root"?
- How do you determine the host name of your GNU/Linux workstation?
- What command can display the NIC's MAC address?