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[[Category:OPS235]][[Category:OPS235 Labs]]
{{Admon/caution|Braille Only|If you are not using a braille reader, please use [[OPS235 Lab 2]] instead of this lab.}}{{Admon/note|htp|Wherever this document says "htp", it should be changed to "http". This was done in order to avoid reported problems with some braille readers.}}
= OPS235 Lab 2 - Braille : Fedora 16 Installation on Virtual Machines =
# Start the virtualization service: <code>systemctl start libvirtd</code>
== Investigation 1: Installing from a Live Disc Network Install with Kickstart ==
* '''Name:''' fedora1
* '''Boot media:''' Fedora Live CD* '''Installation source:''' Fedora Live CD* '''Memory:''' 768MB* '''Disk space:''' 10GB* '''CPUs:''' 1 ==== Screen-Shot Thumbnail Reference ==== {{Admon/note|Virtual Machine Screen Shots Thumbnails|While performing the Virtual Machine setup, click on the thumbnails below to provide a '''"visual reference"''' while performing this section.}} {|cellpadding="8" width="100%" |[[Image:Virt-manager1.png|thumb|125px| '''Virtual Machine Manager:''' Create a New Virtual Machine]]|[[Image:Virt-manager2.png|thumb|100px|'''Step 1 of 5:''' Create a New Virtual Machine ]]|[[Image:virtual-manager3.png|thumb|100px|'''Step 2 of 5:''' Create a New Virtual Machine ]]|[[Image:virtual-manager4.png|thumb|100px|'''Step 3 of 5:''' Create a New Virtual Machine ]]|[[Image:virtual-manager5.png|thumb|100px|'''Step 4 of 5:''' Create a New Virtual Machine ]]|[[Image:virtual-manager6.png|thumb|100px|'''Step 5 of 5:''' Create a New Virtual Machine ]]|} ==== Steps ==== # In the Virtual Machine Manger, click on the icon to ''Create a Virtual Machine'' in the upper-left corner: <br />(refer to '''Virtual Machine Manager''' thumbnail above).# A window will appear with the title ''New VM''. There are five steps to be completed; click Forward after each step:# '''Step 1 of 5:''' Enter the virtual machine (called '''fedora1''') name and select '''Local install media''' (refer to ''Step 1 of 5'' thumbnail above).# '''Step 2 of 5:''' '''Insert the CDROM or DVD containing the Fedora Live Disc image. Wait a moment for the disc to be recognized''', then select '''Use CDROM or DVD''' as the install media. Set the ''OS type'' to '''Linux''' and the ''Version'' to '''Fedora 16''' (refer to ''Step 2 of 5'' thumbnail above).<!-- {{Admon/tip|Using an ISO image|Instead of using a physical CD or DVD, you can use an ISO image of a CD or DVD. The virtualization software will make this ISO image appear like an actual CD within the virtual machine. Because hard disks are faster then optical discs, this will work faster than an actual CD/DVD.}}{{Admon/note|Choosing the operating system type and version|The purpose of the ''OS type'' and ''Version'' fields is to fine-tune some of the virtual machine settings for best performance. The VM will work even if these are set incorrectly.}} --># '''Step 3 of 5:''' Set the memory to '''768 MB''' and the number of CPUs to '''1''' (refer to ''Step 3 of 5'' thumbnail above).# '''Step 4 of 5:''' This next step creates a disk file that will be used to simulate the virtual machine's disk drive. Select a size of '''10 GB''' and checkmark the box labeled '''Allocate entire disk now''' (refer to ''Step 4 of 5'' thumbnail above).# '''Step 5 of 5:''' Review the options that you have selected. '''Make a note of the storage location.''' If anything needs to be changed, use the ''Back'' button to go back and edit it; otherwise, click '''Finish''' (refer to ''Step 5 of 5'' thumbnail above). {{Admon/caution|Removing and Recreating VMs|If for some reason the user wants to remove a Virtual Machine, they can right-click the VM, and select delete in the Virtual Machine Manager. It is recommended to '''"delete the image file" in the remove VM dialog box when removing and then recreating a VM'''. Note: If you fail to properly remove the VM image file, it may affect the hard disk size for the new VM (i.e. use the old smaller size. Make certain to remove that VM image file prior to recreating the VM.|'''}} {{Admon/note|Fedora LIVE CD Install Screen Shots Thumbnails|While performing the Fedora 16 LIVE CD install, click on the thumbnails below to provide a '''"visual reference"''' while performing this particular Fedora installation.}} {|cellpadding="8" width="100%" |[[Image:fedoralive1.png|thumb|100px| The Virtual Machine will now start.]]|[[Image:failedtoload.png|thumb|140px| '''Ignore and close the "Failed To Load" dialog box'''. Search for the panel on the upper-left-hand side of the screen.]]|[[Image:fedoralive2.png|thumb|140px|Login to the VM and double-click:<br /> '''Applications'''<br />>'''System Tools'''<br />>'''Install to Hard Disk'''.]]|[[Image:selectstorage1.png|thumb|100px|Select '''Specialized Storage Devices''']]|[[Image:selectstorage2.png|thumb|100px|Select '''Virtio Block Device'''.]]|[[Image:finishcdinstall.png|thumb|100px|You will get the ''Firstboot'' configuration questions during the boot process.]]|}<ol> <li value="8">'''The virtual machine will now start'''. Select the default menu item labelled: '''Start Fedora 16'''. The virtual machine is running from the live disc at this point, and no software has been installed on the ''hard drive'' of the virtual machine.</li></ol> {{Admon/note|Gnome3: failed to Load Message|A dialog box will indicate that '''Gnome3 Failed to Load'''. This indicates that a "fall-back" or "generic" graphics driver will be used for the session. Just ignore this warning, close the dialog box and proceed with the session.}} <ol> <li value="9">Login to the VM and click: '''Applications'''>'''System Tools'''>'''Install to Hard Drive'''. The installation program, similar to the one used when installing Fedora in Lab 1, will appear. You will get a warning at one point during the installation process that the disk "May contain data" or "may need to be re-initialized" -- this is simply a warning that the virtual disk is completely blank, and it is safe to proceed with the installation.</li></ol> {{Admon/note|Virtual Machine Screen Size|The virtual machine screen size will change resolution as it switches from text to graphics mode. Use the VM menu option View>Resize to VM to resize the window to show the entire VM display. If this is larger than your screen size, use View>Scale Display>Always to scale the image so it fits on your screen.}}<ol> <li value="10">During the installation process, when prompted for a storage device, first select '''Specialized Storage Devices''', and then select the '''Virtio Block Device''' option.</li> <li>When prompted for the hostname, enter '''fedora1''', and when prompted for the timezone, select '''Toronto - Eastern Time Ontario''', and when asked about storage, select '''Use All Space'''. '''Use the default values for all other fields.''' Notice that the installer does not ask you what software should be installed; compare the installation time to the amount of time it took to do your Lab 2 installation. Record this information in the '''table contained in Investigation 4'''.</li> <li>When the installation is complete, click on the '''reboot''' button at the bottom right-hand corner of the screen.</li></ol> {{Admon/note|Error Message|If you experience an error message, exit the VM window, close the Virtual Machine Manager program, reboot your host (main) computer, login and restart the Virtual Machine Manager program. Failure to follow this instructions can lead students to think that the virtual machine was not installed (when it was indeed installed).}} <ol> <li value="13">Start the VM from its disk image. This can be done graphically by selecting the Virual machine name, Media and then clicking on the '''Open''' button, and then click the '''play''' button when the next screen appears (or by selecting Virtual Machine>Run from the virtual machine menu). You will get the ''Firstboot'' configuration questions during the boot process (asking you to create a user, set the date and time, and optionally send the hardware profile to the Fedora Project). Create a user with the same name as your Matrix account.</li> <li>Login using the new user account.</li></ol> {{Admon/note|Network / Service Considerations|Please perform the tasks below in order allow these Fedora systems to be able to communicate with each other. '''Failure to properly perform these operations can cause problems in future labs'''.|}} <ol> <li value="15">Enable SSH access to your virtual machine with these commands (semi-colon allows commands to be run in sequence):<br /> <code>service sshd start; chkconfig sshd on</code></li> <li>Find out the IP address of your virtual machine: <code>ifconfig eth0</code> </li> <li>Enter the following command on your virtual machine to create a firewall exception to allow ssh traffic into the machine:<br /> <code>iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -s0/0 -d0/0 --dport 22 -j ACCEPT</code></li> <li>Confirm that you can ssh to your virtual machine from the host (your main Fedora installation): <code>ssh ''IPaddress''</code></li></ol> {{Admon/tip|Switch to Virtual Machine Manager Window|If you are currently in a Virtual machine, but want to switch to the Virtual Machine Manager Window, simply click '''Activities'''> '''Select the Virtual Machine manager window'''.}} '''Answer the Investigation 1 observations / questions in your lab log book.''' == Investigation 2: Installing from the Network == {{Admon/tip|Authenticate to the network|The rest of this lab uses network access.''' Be sure to authenticate to the network using your browser before proceeding'''.}} === Introduction === It is possible to install Fedora entirely from the network. In this investigation, you will install Fedora from a webserver on Seneca's LAN. ==== VM details ==== * '''Name:''' fedora2* '''Boot media:''' Network installation* '''Installation source:''' http://belmont.senecac.on.ca/fedora/releases/16/Fedora/x86_64/os/* '''Memory:''' 768MB* '''Disk space:''' 15GB* '''CPUs:''' 1 ==== Steps ====# Create the VM (called '''fedora2''') as you did with the ''fedora1'' virtual machine, except:#* In '''step 1 of 5''', set the installation type to '''Network Install (HTTP, FTP, or NFS)'''.#* In '''step 2 of 5''', provide the location of the software source by providing the URL httpserver://belmont.senecac.on.ca/fedora/releases/16/Fedora/x86_64/os/#* In '''step 2 of 5''', set the ''OS Type'' to '''Linux''' and ''Version'' to '''Fedora 16'''. # Observe the boot process. How is it different from booting from an optical disc (CD/DVD)?# Start the installation process (make certain to use information in the ''VM Details'' section above). When you get to the disk partitioning step, enable the checkbox labelled '''Review and modify partition layout'''.If an dialog box displays a permissions problem, then click yes to proceed. On the next screen, change the logical volumes as follows:#* Reduce the size of the root LV to '''8000 MB'''.#* '''Add a logical volume with a size of 2000 MB and a mountpoint of /home''' (you can name it whatever you want, and use '''ext4''' as the file-system type).# On the software selection screen, select '''Graphical Desktop'''.# '''On the same screen, select the "Fedora 16 - x86_64" and the "Fedora 16 - x86_64 - Updates". Leave "Installation Repo" selected. ''DO NOT'' enable the "Test Updates" repository'''.# Complete the installation. Record the time taken to install, and compare this to the time taken by the previous installations.Record this information in the '''table contained in Investigation 4'''. '''Answer the Investigation 2 observations / questions in your lab log book.''' == Investigation 3: Installing from the Network using Kickstart == === Introduction === When Fedora is installed using the techniques you have used so far, the user is asked a number of questions. In some situations, it is better to provide the answers to these questions in a file rather than answer them individually. This type of file is called a ''kickstart'' file. In this investigation, a kickstart file is provided for you. You can also create or modify a kickstart file using a regular text editor or a graphical tool. ==== VM details ==== * '''Name:''' fedora3* '''Boot media:''' Network installation* '''Installation source:''' http://belmont.senecac.on.ca/fedora/releases/16/Fedora/x86_64/os/* '''Kickstart location:''' http://zenit.senecac.on.ca/~chris.tyler/fedora16-vda-ks-200.cfg
* '''Memory:''' 768MB
* '''Disk space:''' 10GB
* '''CPUs:''' 1
== Investigation 4: Updating and Comparing the VMs 2 ==
# In each VM, run this Install another virtual machine by modifying the commandused in Investigation 1. Incorporate these changes: <code>yum update</code># Record # Use the answers name "fedora2" for this virtual machine.## Change the name of the disk file to these questions in your log book:match the name of the virtual machine.## Use a disk size of 15G#* How long did Start fedora2 and confirm that you can connect to it take to run .# The IP address on each VM? How many packages fedora1 and fedora2 are the same, which would cause a conflict if they were updated?booted at the same time. Change the IP address of fedora2 to 192.168.122.201 by editing the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0# Restart fedora2 and confirm that the IP address has changed to the correct value.#* Why does it take longer in some VMs than others?Shut down fedora2.
== Investigation 54: Managing Virtual Machines from the Command Line ==
# Start the ''fedora1'' virtual machine, and stop the ''fedora2'' and ''fedora3'' virtual machines.
# Enter these commands and note the result:
#* <code>virsh list</code>
# Start the ''fedora3'' virtual machine from the command line: <code>virsh start fedora3</code>
# Repeat the commands from step 2 and notice any changes.
# Stop the ''fedora3'' virtual machine: <code>virsh shutdown fedora3</code> {{Admon/note|Virtual Machine Does not Shutdown from Command|Note: If the Virtual machine fails to shutdown from the <code>virsh shutdown</code> command, then you can go to or from the '''Virtual Machine manager''' and '''<code>halt''' </code> or <code>poweroff</code> or '''<code>shutdown''' </code> commands within the VM itself, then you can click the use dthe <code>virsh destroy ''name'PowerOff''' button in the VM window</code> command. You'll should want to avoid a forced shutdown since those are that is equivalent to yanking the cord out of the wall on a physical machine!|}}<ol> <li value="6"># Confirm that ''fedora3'' has been shut down.</li> <li># Execute this command: <code>virsh dumpxml fedora3 >fedora3.xml</code></li> <li># Examine the file <code>fedora3.xml</code>. What does it contain? What format is it in?</li> <li># Make a copy of <code>fedora3.xml</code> called <code>fedora3a.xml</code>.</li> <li># Edit the file <code>fedora3a.xml</code>, making the following changes:</li></ol>::#* Change the name (in the file, not the file name) to <code>fedora3a</code>::#* Change at least one of the hexadecimal characters in the UUID. Do not change the length of the UUID. Valid hexadecimal characters are 0-9 and a-f.<ol> <li value="11"># Issue this command: <code>virsh define fedora3a.xml</code> <li># Issue the command <code>virsh list --all</code> and record any changes. <li># Issue the command: <code>virsh undefine fedora3a</code> <li># List all of the virtual machines again, and note any changes.</ol> '''Answer the Investigation 5 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
== Investigation 65: How do I backup a virtual machine? ==
# Shut down all of the virtual machines.
# Change to the directory <code>/var/lib/libvirt/images/</code>. Note the size of the files in this directory. What do these files contain?
# Make a compressed backup of the <code>fedora3.img</code> file to your home directory with this command: <code>gzip <fedora3.img >~'''YourUserId'''/fedora3.img.backup.gz</code>{{Admon/caution|Make sure the backup is successful!|If there are any error messages, '''DO NOT''' proceed past this point. You're going to destroy your fedora3 virtual machine and restore it using the backup you have created -- if there are any problems with the backup, you will not have a working virtual machine, and will have to re-install it.}}
<ol>
<li value="4">Compare the size of the compressed and original files.</li>
::* In order to fully back up a virtual machine, what information should be saved in addition to the virtual machine image?
'''Answer the Investigation 6 5 observations / questions in your lab log book.''' == Investigation 7: Kickstart Files ==
When you perform a non-Kickstart installation, the installation program creates a Kickstart file in the <code>/root</code> directory for reference.
# How could you use the kickstart file produced by the installation program to perform additional, identical installations?
'''Answer the Investigation 7 6 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''
= Completing the Lab =
# Three working virtual machines created.
# Four kickstart files.
# All virtual machines backed up.
# Installation comparison table filled in.
# Lag Lab Logbook (lab2) notes filled-in.
= Preparing for the Quizzes =
# What is the name of the Fedora installation program?
# What factors affect installation time?
# What does the file <code>/root/anaconda-ks.cfg</code> contain, and how is it created?
# How do you start and stop virtual machines?
#* virt-install
#* kvm
# The kickstart installation (fedora3) was a installations you performed were network installationinstallations. Can a kickstart file be used with a DVD installation?# The kickstart installation (fedora3) was fairly fast. Why? Under what circumstances would it take a long time, even on a fast network?# What other types of installation sources are possible (besides Live Disc, Installation Disc, and Network?)