1
edit
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→Project Release 0.3
architecture and hardware compared to PCs, the way that ARM loads kernels and other boot
processes is different than PCs. We are going to make a RPM that loads kernels, modules,
init, and other boot process in ARM system in standard way like PCs (Finding an alternative way for GRUB) and try to bind these
packages together.
== Project Contributor(s) ==
[[http://ktaraghi.blogspot.com/ Khosro Taraghi]]
<!-- Name(s) of people casually working on the project, or who have contributed significant help. Include links to personal pages within wiki. Adding the names of your contributors here is a nice way to thank them.
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* 0.1
Find an alternative way a solution for GRUB Dracut to work in ARM systemPlease see Project News and release 0.1.
* 0.2
* 0.3
Bind together as a package, Documentation, and Presentation.
=== Mailing Lists ===
<!-- Add any appropriate mailing lists to which you are subscribed (e.g., see http://lists.fedoraproject.org -->
* arm@lists.fedoraproject.org* devel@lists.fedoraproject.org
=== Upsteam Wiki and Web ===
<!-- Links to upstream wiki/web pages -->
[http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/Dracut Fedora Dracut wiki]
=== Links/Bugs/Tracking ===
<!-- Add a link to any page(s) related to your work, including the bug numbers (on bugzilla or trac) -->
== Project News ==
== '''Project Release 0.3''' ==
I released my SBR600 project version 0.3. I tested my last package several times and it worked successfully. It was actually an extension of my project version 0.2. Not only I changed version 0.2 to works with any kernel, including the new kernels, but also I merged my package with primary kernel package. So, when the Arch is ARM, it installs my package (RPM-based kernel for ARM) and when the Arch is something else, it works as a regular kernel installation. In other words, I could create a RPM-based kernel for ARM which was my project. I built my package on both ARM and Primary architecture to make sure that it works.
This is the output of ll command before installing of last version of kernel in my ARM board:
[root@fedora-arm khosro]# ll /boot/
total 7824
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 14 2011 grub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2071652 Apr 14 2011 initramfs-2.6.32.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2071652 Apr 14 2011 initramfs.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1909048 Apr 14 2011 uImage-2.6.32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1909048 Apr 14 2011 uImage.bin
And here is the output of ll command after installing my package which shows the new files: (pay attention to link files):
[root@fedora-arm ~]# ll /boot/
total 11900
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 14 2011 grub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2071652 Apr 14 2011 initramfs-2.6.32.img
-rw-r--r-- 2 root root 2070985 Dec 31 1999 initramfs-2.6.35.img
-rw-r--r-- 2 root root 2070985 Dec 31 1999 initramfs.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1909048 Apr 14 2011 uImage-2.6.32
-rw-r--r-- 2 root root 2003236 Apr 21 2011 uImage-2.6.35
-rw-r--r-- 2 root root 2003236 Apr 21 2011 uImage.bin
The 2.6.35 is the last version of kernel up to this point that I wrote this blog.
Now, this is the output of booting my ARM board with new kernel (also, pay attention to “uname” command after logging to system):
:Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 80200000 ...
'''Image Name: Linux-2.6.35
'''Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)''''''
Data Size: 2003172 Bytes = 1.9 MB
Load Address: 80008000
Entry Point: 80008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
:Loading init Ramdisk from Legacy Image at 81600000 ...
'''Image Name: boot initramfs
'''Image Type: ARM Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)''''''
Data Size: 2631748 Bytes = 2.5 MB
Load Address: 81600000
Entry Point: 81600000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK
'''Starting kernel ...'''
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
'''Data Size: Linux version 2.6.35 (mockbuild@koji3.laptop.org) (gcc version 4.4.5 20101112 (Red Hat 4.4.5-2) (GCC) ) #1 Thu Apr 21 14:40:04 EDT 2011'''
CPU: ARMv7 Processor [411fc083] revision 3 (ARMv7), cr=10c53c7f
CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
'''Machine: OMAP3 Beagle Board'''
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
'''OMAP3430/3530''' ES3.1 (l2cache iva sgx neon isp )
SRAM: Mapped pa 0x40200000 to va 0xfe400000 size: 0x100000
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 65024
Kernel command line: console=ttyS2,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext2 eq rootdelay=1 nohz=off
PID hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Memory: 128MB 128MB = 256MB total
Memory: 253360k/253360k available, 8784k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memory layout:
vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)
fixmap : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000 ( 896 kB)
DMA : 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000 ( 2 MB)
vmalloc : 0xd0800000 - 0xf8000000 ( 632 MB)
lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xd0000000 ( 256 MB)
modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000 ( 16 MB)
.init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0027000 ( 124 kB)
.text : 0xc0027000 - 0xc037d000 (3416 kB)
.data : 0xc0394000 - 0xc03c58c0 ( 199 kB)
Hierarchical RCU implementation.
Verbose stalled-CPUs detection is disabled.
NR_IRQS:402
Clocking rate (Crystal/Core/MPU): 26.0/332/720 MHz
omap_hwmod: l3_hwmod: cannot be enabled (3)
omap_hwmod: l4_core_hwmod: cannot be enabled (3)
omap_hwmod: l4_per_hwmod: cannot be enabled (3)
omap_hwmod: l4_wkup_hwmod: cannot be enabled (3)
Reprogramming SDRC clock to 332000000 Hz
GPMC revision 5.0
IRQ: Found an INTC at 0xfa200000 (revision 4.0) with 96 interrupts
Total of 96 interrupts on 1 active controller
OMAP GPIO hardware version 2.5
OMAP clockevent source: GPTIMER12 at 32768 Hz
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Calibrating delay loop... 742.58 BogoMIPS (lpj=2899968)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
regulator: core version 0.5
NET: Registered protocol family 16
Found NAND on CS0
Registering NAND on CS0
Unable Setting up Logical Volume Management: No volume groups found
[ OK ]
Checking filesystems
Checking all file systems.
[/sbin/fsck.ext2 (1) -- /] fsck.ext2 -a /dev/mmcblk0p2
/dev/mmcblk0p2: Superblock last mount time is in the future.
(by less than a day, probably due to the hardware clock being incorrectly set) FIXED.
/dev/mmcblk0p2: Superblock last write time is in the future.
(by less than a day, probably due to the hardware clock being incorrectly set). FIXED.
/dev/mmcblk0p2: clean, 46024/425152 files, 301506/1699840 blocks (check after next mount)
[ OK ]
Remounting root filesystem in read-write mode: [ OK ]
Mounting local filesystems: [ OK ]
Enabling /etc/fstab swaps: [ OK ]
Entering non-interactive startup
FATAL: Module ipv6 not found.
Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]
FATAL: Module ipv6 not found.
Mounting other filesystems: [ OK ]
Retrigger failed udev events[ OK ]
Starting sshd: [ OK ]
'''Fedora release 13 (Goddard)'''
'''Kernel 2.6.35 on an armv7l (console)'''
fedora-arm login: root
Password:
Last login: Fri Dec 31 19:01:49 on console
[root@fedora-arm ~]# uname -a
'''Linux fedora-arm 2.6.35 #1 Thu Apr 21 14:40:04 EDT 2011 armv7l armv7l armv7l GNU/Linux'''
These are the all links for downloading packages and also more details and explanations about release 0.3:<br />
[http://ktaraghi.blogspot.com/2011/04/sbr600-project-release-03-how-my.html More details about release 0.3]<br />
[http://matrix.senecac.on.ca/~ktaraghi/kernel.0.3.spec SPEC File]<br />
[http://matrix.senecac.on.ca/~ktaraghi/linux-2.6.35-1.fc13.armv5tel.rpm Download Package]<br />
[http://ktaraghi.blogspot.com/ My Blog Page]<br />
Best Regards,
Khosro Taraghi
== '''Project Release 0.2''' ==
I released SBR600 project release 0.2. It is a rough package to install kernel and initramfs in a ARM board. It is almost close to end and I should change some parameters and hardcodes and then merge it to the original file such as kernel or grub, or even a separate package. You can find more details about release 0.2 in my weblog. Furthermore, you can download my spec, rpm, and srpm files from my weblog to further review. <br />
These are the links:<br />
[http://ktaraghi.blogspot.com/2011/04/rough-rpm-based-kernel-for-fedora-arm.html My blog page]<br />
[http://matrix.senecac.on.ca/~ktaraghi rpm file]<br />
[http://arm.koji.fedoraproject.org/koji/getfile?taskID=92730&name=linux-2.6.32-1.fc13.src.rpm srpm file]<br />
[http://matrix.senecac.on.ca/~ktaraghi/kernel.spec spec file] <br />
<!-- This is where a permanent record of your releases and updates will go. In these you should discuss the status or your work, your interactions with other members of the community (e.g., Seneca and Mozilla), problems you have encountered, etc. -->
== '''Project Release 0.1 Update''' ==
Hello,
After working on my project for the whole study week, I could figure out how to make initramfs with dracut for my Fedora-ARM board. After successfully booting and getting prompt for logging to Fedora 13 beta, I had trouble to install dracut on my ARM borad.Fortunately, I solved the problem and you can click on this link to get full details that I posted on my blob.[http://ktaraghi.blogspot.com/2011/03/installation-of-dracut-in-fedora-13-arm.html Installation of dracut in Fedora-ARM 13 Beta]After installing dracut, I had to compile the kernel in order to get modules for the ARM board which is a must for dracut to work properly. For full details and explanations, click on this link that I posted on my blog page:[http://ktaraghi.blogspot.com/2011/03/kernel-compilation-for-arm.html Kernel Compilation for ARM and Installation of Modules.] Finally, I could boot my ARM board up with initramfs that I made it with dracut. Here is the link to my initramfs for Fedora 13 beta so that you click on this link to download the initramfs file(uImage.ramdisk) [http://matrix.senecac.on.ca/~ktaraghi/ Download my initramfs]. This just work with OMAP3 family.And here is the output of the kernel before logging that shows booting system with dracut and initramfs:
:Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 80200000 ...
: Image Name: Linux-2.6.28-omap1
: Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
: Data Size: 2577980 Bytes = 2.5 MB
: Load Address: 80008000
: Entry Point: 80008000
: Verifying Checksum ... OK
:'''Loading init Ramdisk from Legacy Image at 81600000 ...
: Image Name: boot initramfs
: Image Type: ARM Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
: Data Size: 2631748 Bytes = 2.5 MB
: Load Address: 81600000
: Entry Point: 81600000
: Verifying Checksum ... OK
: Loading Kernel Image ... OK
: OK'''
: Starting kernel ...
: Uncompressing Linux..................................................................................................................................................................... done, booti.
: Linux version 2.6.28-omap1 (root@tiioss) (gcc version 4.2.1 (CodeSourcery Sourcery G++ Lite 2007q3-51)) #2 Thu Feb 19 12:45:34 IST 2009
: CPU: ARMv7 Processor [411fc083] revision 3 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387f
: CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
: Machine: OMAP3 Beagle Board
: .
: .
: .
: .
: mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007
: mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SD08G 7.48 GiB
: mmcblk0: p1 p2
: '''dracut: Mounted root filesystem /dev/mmcblk0p2'''
: '''dracut: Switching root'''
: Welcome to Fedora
: Press 'I' to enter [ OK ]
: FATAL: Module ipv6 not found.
: Mounting other filesystems: [ OK ]
: Retrigger failed udev events[ OK ]
: Starting sshd: [ OK ]
: Fedora release 13 (Goddard)
: Kernel 2.6.28-omap1 on an armv7l (console)
: fedora-arm login:
== '''Project Release 0.1''' ==
'''Hello everybody,
I released version 0.1 of my SBR600 project. It is roughly close to what I expected. After several problems in booting system up, I could figure out how to boot the Fedora ARM system. The next step that I am working on that is "dracut". I am looking for a way to create an initial ramdisk image for preloading modules. This can be done by dracut command. After this step, it is the final step which is packaging(I hope).Now, let's see some of my testing result and my explanations on those test.
'''This shows my successful boot on Fedora-ARM:''''''
: VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant c rev 1
: Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x30
: clock: clksel_round_rate_div: dpll4_m4_ck target_rate 48000000
: clock: new_div = 9, new_rate = 48000000
: twl4030_rtc twl4030_rtc: setting system clock to 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (946684800)
: Waiting 1sec before mounting root device...
: mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007
: mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SD08G 7.48 GiB
: mmcblk0: p1 p2
: EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
: VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
: Freeing init memory: 168K
: Welcome to Fedora
: Press 'I' to enter interactive startup.
: Starting udev: udevd-work[652]: error opening ATTR{/sys/class/sound/controlC0/../uevent} for writing: No such file or directory
: [ OK ]
: Setting hostname fedora-arm: [ OK ]
: Checking filesystems
: Checking all file systems.
: [/sbin/fsck.ext2 (1) -- /] fsck.ext2 -a /dev/mmcblk0p2
: /dev/mmcblk0p2 is mounted.
: WARNING!!! Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause
: SEVERE filesystem damage.
: Do you really want to continue (y/n)? no
: check aborted.
: [ OK ]
: Mounting local filesystems: [ OK ]
: Enabling /etc/fstab swaps: [ OK ]
: Entering non-interactive startup
: FATAL: Module ipv6 not found.
: Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]
: Bringing up interface eth0: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
: [ OK ]
: FATAL: Module ipv6 not found.
: Starting system logger: [ OK ]
: Mounting other filesystems: [ OK ]
: Retrigger failed udev events[ OK ]
: Starting sshd: [ OK ]
: Fedora release 12 (Constantine)
: Kernel 2.6.28-omap1 on an armv7l (console)
: fedora-arm login: root
: Password:
: Last login: Fri Dec 31 19:32:49 on console
'''This one shows my network configuration and successful connection to getway and Internet:'''
: [root@fedora-arm ~]# ifconfig
: lo Link encap:Local Loopback
: inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
: UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
: RX packets:2 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
: TX packets:2 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
: collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
: RX bytes:168 (168.0 b) TX bytes:168 (168.0 b)
: usb0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1E:11:18:90:28:EF
: inet addr:10.0.0.2 Bcast:10.255.255.255 Mask:255.0.0.0
: UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
: RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
: TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
: collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
: RX bytes:1444 (1.4 KiB) TX bytes:504 (504.0 b)
: [root@fedora-arm ~]# route -n
: Kernel IP routing table
: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
: 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 usb0
: 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 usb0
: 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 usb0
: [root@fedora-arm ~]# ping 10.0.0.1
: PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
: 64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=8.14 ms
: 64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.49 ms
: 64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.55 ms
'''And ping google.ca:'''
: [root@fedora-arm ~]# ping 74.125.225.16
: PING 74.125.225.16 (74.125.225.16) 56(84) bytes of data.
: 64 bytes from 74.125.225.16: icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=849 ms
: 64 bytes from 74.125.225.16: icmp_seq=3 ttl=55 time=26.9 ms
: 64 bytes from 74.125.225.16: icmp_seq=4 ttl=55 time=28.3 ms
'''Then I tried to update my Fedora-Arm system. It was successful too:'''
: root@fedora-arm ~]# yum update
: fedora | 3.4 kB 00:00
: fedora/primary_db | 7.5 MB 06:46
: updates | 951 B 00:00
: updates/primary | 204 B 00:00
: Setting up Update Process
: Resolving Dependencies
: --> Running transaction check
: ---> Package cpp.armv5tel 0:4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4 set to be updated
: ---> Package gcc.armv5tel 0:4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4 set to be updated
: ---> Package libgcc.armv5tel 0:4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4 set to be updated
: ---> Package libgomp.armv5tel 0:4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4 set to be updated
: ---> Package libstdc++.armv5tel 0:4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4 set to be updated
: --> Finished Dependency Resolution
: Dependencies Resolved
: ================================================================================
: Package Arch Version Repository Size
: ================================================================================
: Updating:
: cpp armv5tel 4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4 fedora 3.1 M
: gcc armv5tel 4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4 fedora 6.1 M
: libgcc armv5tel 4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4 fedora 248 k
: libgomp armv5tel 4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4 fedora 89 k
: libstdc++ armv5tel 4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4 fedora 234 k
: Transaction Summary
: ================================================================================
: Install 0 Package(s)
: Upgrade 5 Package(s)
: Total download size: 9.8 M
: Is this ok [y/N]: y
: Downloading Packages:
: (1/5): cpp-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4.armv5tel.rpm | 3.1 MB 03:58
: (2/5): gcc-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4.armv5tel.rpm | 6.1 MB 03:21
: (3/5): libgcc-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4.armv5tel.rpm | 248 kB 00:20
: (4/5): libgomp-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4.armv5tel.rpm | 89 kB 00:01
: (5/5): libstdc++-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4.armv5tel.rpm | 234 kB 00:43
: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Total 20 kB/s | 9.8 MB 08:31
: warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 35805f14
: fedora/gpgkey | 2.7 kB 00:00 ...
: Importing GPG key 0x35805F14 "Fedora 12 ARM (Signing key for F-12 ARM) <fedora-arm@redhat.com>" from /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-armv5tel
: Is this ok [y/N]: y
: Running rpm_check_debug
: Running Transaction Test
: Finished Transaction Test
: Transaction Test Succeeded
: Running Transaction
: Updating : libgcc-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4.armv5tel 1/10
: Updating : libgomp-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4.armv5tel 2/10
: Updating : libstdc++-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4.armv5tel 3/10
: Updating : cpp-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4.armv [################ ] 4/10
: Updating : gcc-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4.armv5tel 5/10
: Cleanup : libstdc++-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa3.armv5tel 6/10
: Cleanup : libgcc-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa3.armv5tel 7/10
: Cleanup : cpp-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa3.armv5tel 8/10
: Cleanup : libgomp-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa3.armv5tel 9/10
: Cleanup : gcc-4.4.2-5.fc12.fa3.armv5tel 10/10
: Updated:
: cpp.armv5tel 0:4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4 gcc.armv5tel 0:4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4
: libgcc.armv5tel 0:4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4 libgomp.armv5tel 0:4.4.2-5.fc12.fa4
: libstdc++.armv5tel
'''And finally, I used git for dracut since I couldn't install through yum command:'''
: racut@fedora-arm ~]# git clone git://dracut.git.sourceforge.net/gitroot/dracut/d
: Initialized empty Git repository in /root/dracut/.git/
: remote: Counting objects: 9670, done.
: remote: Compressing objects: 100% (6208/6208), done.
: remote: Total 9670 (delta 6805), reused 4965 (delta 3351)
: Receiving objects: 100% (9670/9670), 1.23 MiB | 8 KiB/s, done.
: Resolving deltas: 11% (754/6805)[root@fedora-arm ~]#
: [root@fedora-arm ~]# ls
: dracut
: [root@fedora-arm ~]# cd dracut/
: [root@fedora-arm dracut]# ls
: AUTHORS debian dracut.conf.d
: COPYING dracut dracut.kernel.7.xml
: HACKING dracut-catimages dracut.png
: Makefile dracut-catimages.8.xml dracut.spec
: NEWS dracut-functions dracut.svg
: PKGBUILD dracut-gencmdline dracut.xml
: README dracut-gencmdline.8.xml lsinitrd
: README.generic dracut-update-initramfs mkinitrd-dracut.sh
: README.kernel dracut.8.x