Changes

= Human Student Dependency on various Social/Networking Systems =

To what extent has the human student dependency on social networks increasing or has increased for interconnectivity?

# 1) http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=1150476&dl=GUIDE&coll=GUIDE&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606 Structure and evolution of online social networks  2) http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=1452520.1452528&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606  Comparison of online social relations in volume vs interaction: a case study of cyworld  3) http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=1753326.1753347&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606 Student socialization in the age of facebook  4) http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=1460563.1460627&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606  Public vs. private: comparing public social network information with email  5) http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=1658260.1658266&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606  Social networking and scientific gateways  6) http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=1096737.1096740&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606 Social matching: A framework and research agenda 7) http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=1183456.1183461&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606 Trends, similarities, and differences in the usage of teen and senior public online newsgroups 8) http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=1667780.1667783&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606 Communications and open systems 9) http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=1411850.1411969&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606 Internet addiction: Meta-synthesis of qualitative research for the decade 1996-2006 10) http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=609293.609700&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606 A Lesson on Unpredictable Future

<u>'''Structure Trends, similarities, and evolution differences in the usage of teen and senior public online social networks'''</u>newsgroups

8) http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=11504761667780.1667783&dlcoll=GUIDE&colldl=GUIDE&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606

Linkers are full participants in the growth (Source: '''Structure and evolution of the online social network, and actively connect themselves to other members.networks'''

Comparison http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=1150476&dl=GUIDE&coll=GUIDE&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606)* It turns out that the density of online social relations in volume vs interaction: networks as a case study function of time is non-monotone. * Passive users join the network out of curiosity or at the insistence of cyworlda friend, but never engage in any significant activity.

http://lcweb* Invitees are interested in migrating an offline community into an online social network, and actively recruit their friends to participate.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=1452520.1452528&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606

According to * Linkers are full participants in the growth of the Alexa.com; online social networking services are not only among the most popular but also have become a key feature in many Internet servicesnetwork, and actively connect themselves to other members.

We however, have very limited knowledge on how much (Source:'''Comparison of online social relations in volume vs interaction actually takes place over friend relationships declared online.: a case study of cyworld'''

A friend relationship only marks the beginning of online interactionhttp://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=1452520.1452528&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606)

Does * According to the interaction between users follow Alexa.com; online social networking services are not only among the declaration of friend relationship?most popular but also have become a key feature in many Internet services.

A node represents * These friend relationships become a user key to many other features in web services, such as recommendation engines, security measures, online search, and a directed edge a comments from a user to another. We call this network an activity networkpersonalization issues.

Structural characteristics of the activity network has been analyzed and compared them with the friends network* We however, have very limited knowledge on how much interaction actually takes place over friend relationships declared online.

Though the activity network is weighted and directed, its structure is similar to the * A friend relationship networkonly marks the beginning of online interaction.

It is reported that * Does the in-degree and out-degree distributions are close to each other and the social interaction through between users follow the guestbook is highly reciprocated.declaration of friend relationship?

When we consider only those links in the activity network that are reciprocated, the degree correlation distribution exhibits much more pronounced assortativity than the * Does a user interact evenly or lopsidedly with friends network and places it close to known social networks.?

The k-core analysis gives yet another corroborating evidence * It has been also observed that the friends network deviates from the known social network and has an unusually large peer pressure to stay active online stops building up beyond a certain number of highly connected coresfriends.

Its been delved into * The activity network has shown topological characteristics similar to the weighted and directed nature of the activity friends network, but thanks to its directed and investigated the reciprocityweighted nature, disparity, and network motifsit has allowed us more in-depth analysis of user interaction.

It has been also observed that peer pressure * Macroscopically, the number of users, the number of daily visitors, and page views are the three most basic metrics to stay active measure the status of online stops building up beyond a certain number of friends.social networking services (OSNSs)

The activity network has shown topological characteristics similar to * How does information flow through the friends network, but thanks to its directed and weighted nature, it has allowed us more in-depth analysis of user interaction.?

Macroscopically, the number of * Do all users, the number of daily visitors, and page views are the three most basic metrics to measure receive the status of online social networking services (OSNSs)same attention from their friends?

* How does information flow through the networkoften do they interact?

Do all users receive * Is the same attention from their friendsinteraction one-way or reciprocated?

Is * The young generation are more at ease and faster in adopting new technologies. Correlation between the interaction onegroup size and the age might reveal the generational gap quantitatively. Also the microscopic analysis of intra- and inter-way or reciprocated?group dynamics would provide baseline facts about online socializing behaviors.

* Because students lead nomadic lives, they find Facebook a particularly useful tool for initiating and managing social gatherings, and as they adopt mobile technologies that can access online social networks, their ad-hoc social life is further enabled.

* We conclude that online social networks are a powerful tool for encouraging peripheral friendships, important in particular to students.

* We emphasize that the use of online social networks must be viewed from a perspective of use that involves both mobile and stationary platforms and that it is important to relate online and offline social practices.

* Services such as Facebook, LinkedIn and MySpace have spread rapidly, motivating researchers to explore these in terms of different issues.

* Where some have looked at self-presentation, others have looked at ‘friending’ and ‘grouping’ behaviorwithin these networks.

within these networks* As a widespread social online network, Facebook is interesting to study because of its demonstrated strength of combining offline community with online community; its heavy use makes it relevant for research into structures and social practices.

As a widespread social online network, Facebook is interesting to study because * Today about 89% of US college students are members; the majority of its demonstrated strength students are active users of combining offline community with online community; its heavy Facebook [18] and use makes it relevant for research into structures to maintain and social practicesbuild offline relationships.

Today about 89% of US college * As a diverse user group, students are members; the majority possess a broad set of students are active users features that make them relevant for studying use of Facebook [18] and use it to maintain and build offline relationshipsonline social networks.

As * They are unusually nomadic; they have classes and other academic activities at a diverse user groupvariety of locations and at different times, students possess a broad set of features that make them relevant for studying use of online social networksoften combined with working off-campus.

They are unusually nomadic; * At the same time their social sphere is wide: they have classes and other academic activities at a variety multiple sets of locations friends and at different timesacquaintances, as well as school-related contacts (teachers, often combined dorm managers etc.) with working off-campuswhom they have daily interactions.

At the same time their social sphere is wide: they have multiple sets * They are therefore an interesting group of mobile workers to study in terms of friends and acquaintances, as well as school-related contacts (teachers, dorm managers etc.) with whom how they have daily interactionsintegrate online social media into everyday life.

They are therefore an interesting group of mobile workers to study in terms of * We explore how they university students integrate online Facebook into their daily communication and social media into everyday life.

* Our results point to the obvious social benefits of online social networks, but more specifically to the frequent occurrence of serendipitous social meetings facilitated by Facebook. We explore how university describe in which ways students integrate integrated (particularly mobile) use of Facebook into their daily communication lives and how Facebook was useful for maintenance of particular peripheral friendships. We talk about how the genre of online social networks lends itself well to casual socialization. Finally, we point out that it is important to view the use of online social networks together with other means of communication, as part of an offline lifewhere face-to-face socialization occurs with the same people as communicated with through online social networks. Online social networks should also not be viewed in isolation from their diverse access technologies any longer; it is important to consider their use in relation to the many possible means of access.

Our results point to the obvious social benefits of * Even before online social networkswere as widespread as they are today, but more specifically to the frequent occurrence of serendipitous social meetings facilitated by Facebook. We describe in which ways students integrated (particularly mobile) use of Facebook into their lives and how Facebook was useful considered email beneficial for maintenance of particular peripheral friendships. We talk about how the genre of online social networks lends itself well to casual socialization. Finally, we point out that it is important to view the use of online social networks together with other means of communication, as part of an offline relations in college life where face-to-face socialization occurs with the same people as communicated with through online social networks. Online social networks should also not be viewed in isolation from their diverse access technologies any longer; it is important to consider their use in relation to the many possible means of access.

Even before online * Other studies have showed that the Internet also helps students maintain close ties between family and friends, especially those too far away to visit in person on a regular basis, through, for example, instant messaging and chat programs. Baym et al., for example, looked at social networks were as widespread as uses of the Internet among US university students, however since the study predated Facebook they are todayfound no social interactions taking place through “newsgroups, MUDs, role playing games or any other Internet-enabled communication formats”. Similarly, Quan-Haase studied Canadian student use of communication technologies, students considered email beneficial contrasting between local and far-away relations; both studies found instant messaging a prominent environment for social relations in college lifeinteracting.

Other * Even earlier, studies have showed that of social networks were often rooted in the Internet also helps students maintain close ties between family and friends, especially those too far away notion of people’s ability to visit in person on a regular basis, through, for example, instant messaging and chat programs. Baym et al., for examplecommunicate over long distances, looked at social uses connecting people with mutual interests regardless of the Internet among US university students, however since the study predated Facebook they found no social interactions taking place through “newsgroups, MUDs, role playing games or any other Internet-enabled communication formats”. Similarly, Quan-Haase studied Canadian student use of communication technologies, contrasting between local and far-away relations; both studies found instant messaging a prominent environment for interactingphysical location.

Even earlier* Facebook may help individuals to maintain pre-existing close relationships [18], which our study explores in further depth. In their recent Interactions article, studies of they discuss how online social networks were often rooted in the notion of people’s ability to communicate over long distances, connecting people with mutual interests regardless of physical locationcan mobilize social action within special interest groups and grassroots political activities.

Facebook may help individuals to maintain pre-existing close relationships [18]* As we have noted, which our study explores students have different lives from working adults; with socially complex nomadic lives and with the increase in further depth. In smart phones, their recent Interactions article, they discuss how online use of social networks can mobilize social action within special interest groups and grassroots political activitiesnetworking will likely be adjusted to mobile technologies.

As we have noted* The mobile users were the eight participants who had mobile phones where they could access Facebook, students have different lives all of whom used that method on a daily basis. The semi-mobile users were the five who tended to carry their laptop with them from working adults; with socially complex nomadic lives place to place, using it in class, at coffee shops and in libraries for Facebook access (and with other Web use)1. Finally, the increase in smart phoneslast five participants were characterized as non-mobile, as they did not carry their use of social networking will likely be adjusted to mobile technologieslaptop with them (if they had one) and primarily accessed Facebook from their home, work and occasionally from public PCs on campus, for example in the library.

The mobile users were the eight participants who had mobile phones where they could access Facebook, * Communication (as with all other groups of whom people) was therefore essential and our participants used that method on a daily basis. The semi-mobile users were the five who tended to carry their laptop with them all available means, from place to place, using it in classemail, at coffee shops and in libraries for Facebook access (course discussion forums and other Web useservices (e.g. wikis)1. Finally, the last five participants were characterized as non-to mobilephones, as they did not carry their laptop with them (if they had one) and primarily accessed Facebook from their home, work both voice and occasionally from public PCs on campus, for example in the librarytext.

Communication (as with all other groups of people) * Facebook was therefore essential and our participants very integrated into students’ communication patterns; they used all available meansit for maintaining their social life, from email, course discussion forums and other Web services (e.gscheduling meetings in professional clubs or volunteer work or arranging studyrelated meetings or class-related information exchange. wikis) They were very loyal to mobile phonesFacebook; under probing, both voice they all insisted that it was necessary in order to keep in touch with all their friend and textacquaintances.

Facebook was very integrated into students’ communication patterns; they used it * One participant, for maintaining their social lifeexample, scheduling meetings found it particularly appropriate as a communication mechanism when she was involved in professional clubs or volunteer work or arranging studyrelated meetings or class-related information exchangerecruiting newcomers for her sorority. They were very loyal to She explained that she normally would not think of telephoning many of the people on her Facebook; under probingfriend list, they all insisted that it was necessary in order to keep in touch but felt fine about communicating with all their friend and acquaintances.them through Facebook:

One participant, for example, found it particularly appropriate as a communication mechanism when she was involved in recruiting newcomers for her sorority. She explained that she normally would not think of telephoning many of the * It helps to forge bonds with people on her Facebook friend list, who they hardly know or see but felt fine still need to meet in order to discuss about communicating with them through Facebook:project or jobs.

It helps * Sometimes they used facebook to forge bonds interact with people who they hardly know or see but still need dont want to meet in order to discuss about project or jobshave close relationships with and therefore, would rather message them than call them.

Sometimes they * Status messages can be used facebook as reminders. * Students used Facebook to not only plan socialization with friends but also to interact overcome their shyness over contacting peripheral friends directly.  (Source:'''Public vs. private: comparing public social network information with people email''' http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfmid=1460563.1460627&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606) * Many organizations today have blogging systems, wikis, forums, and even social bookmarking and social networking services behind the firewall. * Systems like blogs, wikis, forums, social bookmarking, or social networking services, expose a lot of social network information, which is public in its nature. For example, in many blog systems, everyone may see who makes comments to whom; in many wiki systems, everyone can see who edits the same pages; in many social bookmarking systems, everyone can see who bookmarks the same web pages or uses the same tags; and in many social networking sites, everyone can see by default who they dont want is friends with whom. Thus, social applications such as those mentioned above provide a wide range of public sources for social network information. * Having more and more valuable public sources for social network information, both on the internet and on the intranet, presents an opportunity to collect social network information in a way that is less sensitive privacy-wise.  (Source: '''Social Matching: A Framework and Research Agenda''' http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2134/10.1145/1100000/1096740/p401-terveen.pdf?key1=1096740&key2=0644779821&coll=DL&dl=ACM&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606) * Social networking brings people closer in both physical and online spaces. They have close relationships with the potential to increase social interaction and foster collaboration. * People are social creatures—fundamentally so. We look for other people for a multitude of purposes: dating and eventually marriage, pursuing shared interests, addressing community issues, solving technical problems, or maybe just having a good conversation. * What type of information does a system represent about its users, and how does it acquire this information?  (Source:'''Trends, similarities, and differences in the usage of teen and senior public online newsgroups''' http://lcweb.senecac.on.ca:2126/citation.cfm?id=1183456.1183461&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=106057593&CFTOKEN=91510606) * For example, text based CMC (such as newsgroups and email) does not provide the social and contextual cues that face-to-face communication has. This can be an advantage when communicating through newsgroups as the absence of information about social status, age and appearance might help to form a more “equal” basis for conversation. * The emergence of computer mediated communication and thereforeonline communities has lead to the formation of complex online social networks. * The Internet can be described as one of the largest networks, would rather message them than call themfor example, millions of users participate in UseNet newsgroups and post millions of messages.

* people are more dependent on social networks for interaction. * If they want to invite or recruit someone, they would not telephone them but instead use online networks to invite or communicate.

If they want * People reply on friends status or messages to invite be reminded about an event/party or recruit someone, they would not telephone them but instead use online networks to invite or communicatebe invited out for lunch/dinner/meeting.

Humans now a days rely too much on online networking sites for basic communicationSocial networks are free and open to public and allow users to share photos, videos and other information with friends, family and other contacts. These networks bring people closer. Online networking has become networks are a major great tool or source in order for students to interact and form study groups for group study projects etc. Students live nomadic lives as they move around in classes or communicate between users group meetings or off-campus and therefore, use online tools to stay connected. Its been observed that students stay active online longer due to peer pressure. Students have a wide social sphere which consists of different age groupsfriends, acquaintances as well as school-related contacts with whom they interact daily. It is most popular with Before online social networks came into existance students with nomadic considered email beneficial for social relations in college life. Due It also helps them to interact with friends and family far-away to keep in touch regardless of physical location. Social networking has been recently increased with the use of smart -phones and other mobile technologies like blackberry laptops. Students with smart-phones etc. excess social networks more often then students with laptops or iPhone etc, students who use personal computers at home or phones which are web enabled, these online in libraries. Social networks have become even been more popularand more integrated into student's communication patterns as they use to maintain their social life, schedule meetings in professional clubs or volunteer work or arrange study related meetings/groups or class-related information exchange. Students feel more comfortable in interacting on social networks than talking to them on phone. It This helps to forge bonds with people who they hardly know or see but still need to meet in order to discuss about project or jobsprojects. Students also use online tools to overcome their shyness over contacting peripheral friends directly. Sometimes they Due to the ease of use online netwroking tools are getting used networking tool to interact with more and more by not only by students but by working class people who they don't want to have close relationships with and therefore, would rather message them than call them. People reply on friends status or messages also by older generation in order to be reminded about an event/party or to be invited out for lunch/dinner/meetingstay connected.