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Tutorial6: File Transfer / Sending Email Messages

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{{Admon/caution|DO NOT USE THIS VERSION OF THE LAB. This page will no longer be updated.|'''New version here:''' https://seneca-ictoer.github.io/ULI101/A-Tutorials/tutorial6 '''Andrew's students please go here:''' http://wiki.littlesvr.ca/wiki/OPS145_Lab_6}}=TRANSFERRING FILES ~~/ USING THE MAIL COMMAND~~BETWEEN COMPUTERS=

===Main Objectives of this Practice Tutorial===

:* List '''common utilities''' ~~combined with~~ contained in the '''ssh''' ~~suite of utilities~~application framework

:* Securely '''copy ''' files between Unix/Linux servers using the '''scp''' command

:* Securely '''transfer ''' copies of files between Unix/Linux servers using the '''sftp''' command

:* Use the ~~mail~~ '''ssh''' command to ~~send email messages to your Seneca email account~~run and view commands on a '''remote computer''' from a '''local computer'''.

:* Use the '''mail ''' command to send email with '''file attachments ''' to your Seneca email account

|- valign="top" style="padding-left:15px;"

|colspan="2" |~~Course Notes~~'''Slides:'''<ul><li>Week 6 Lecture 1 Notes: [https://~~ict~~wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~~~murray.saul~~uli101/~~uli101~~slides/ULI101-~~Week6~~6.1.pdf PDF] | [https://~~ict~~wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~~~murray.saul~~uli101/~~uli101~~slides/ULI101-~~Week6~~6.1.pptx PPTX]</li></ul>

| style="padding-left:15px;" |'''Definitions:'''

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_copy Secure Copy]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol Secure File Transfer Protocol]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_(Unix) Email]

| style="padding-left:15px;"|'''File Transfer Commands:'''

* [http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/scp.1.html scp]

* [http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/sftp.1.html sftp]

* [https://man.openbsd.org/mail mail]

|colspan="1" style="padding-left:15px;" width="30%"|'''Instructional Videos:'''<ul><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBvxbuhDKBw Using scp Command]</li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcKYFEgfV-I Using sftp Command]</li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iuf_mLrvh2o Using the mail Command]</li></ul>

|}

= KEY CONCEPTS =

The '''ssh''' Linux command is ~~actually~~ a '''suite of tools''' to allow the user to ~~not only~~ issue Linux commands securely between Unix / Linux servers, ~~but also~~ as well as securely ~~copy and transfer files among Unix/Linux servers via the commands~~ '''~~scp~~copy''' and '''~~sftp~~transfer'''files among Unix/Linux servers.

In this tutorial, you will learn several different methods to securely transfer files from your Matrix Linux account to other computers~~ ~~using Linux commands including '''scp''', '''sftp''' and '''mail'''.

~~===Secure Copy (scp)===~~

===Issuing Commands on Remote Unix/Linux Servers===[[Image:~~scp~~ssh-~~diagram~~remote.png|thumb|right|~~450px~~350px|The '''~~scp~~ssh''' ~~Unix/Linux~~ command is can be used to ~~securely copy files between Unix~~run and view</~~Linux servers~~u> commands on '''remote computer''' from a '''local computer'''.]]You can use the '''ssh'''~~Secure copy protocol (~~command to issue Unix/Linux commands on a '''~~scp~~remote'''~~) is a means of securely transferring~~ server from your local computer ~~files between a local host and~~ without logging into a remote ~~host or between two remote hosts. It is based on the Secure Shell~~ server (~~SSH~~such as Matrix) ~~protocol. "SCP" commonly refers to both the Secure Copy Protocol and the program itself~~.''

~~Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_copy~~

''Command Usage:''

~~The usage for the '''scp''' command is similar to the~~ '''cpssh username@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l''' ~~command with the addition of host names, for example:~~

You will be prompted for your Matrix account password, then the contents of your home directory in your remote Matrix account will be displayed on your local computer'~~''scp local~~s terminal.~~file user@host:destination-pathname'''~~

~~'''~~===Secure Copy (scp ~~local.file user@host:'''~~)===

[[Image:scp-diagram.png|thumb|right|350px|The '''scp''' Unix/Linux command is used to securely copy files between Unix/Linux servers.]]The '''scp ''' command is used to securely copy files between your '''local''' computer and '''remote''' Unix/Linux server.~~file~~ The usage for the ''scp'' command is similar to the '''cp''' command with the addition of '''user name''' and '''host:name'''.

~~The most common~~ ''~~'mistake''' that students make is forgetting to add the '~~Command Usage:''~~colon''' character ":" after the remote hostname.~~

~~The user name in the command can be omitted if it~~'''~~s the same as on the~~ scp local .file username@host:destination-pathname''' '''scp local.file username@host:''' '''scp user@host:file-pathname local-pathname'''

The most common '''mistake''' that students make is forgetting to add the '''colon''' character ":" after the remote hostname. The user name in the command can be '''omitted''' if it's the same as on the local host. Multiple file and recursive directory copy (i.e. option '''-Rr''') is supported.

[[Image:sftp-diagram.png|thumb|right|350px|The '''sftp''' Unix/Linux command is used to securely transfer (copy) files between Unix/Linux servers.]]

''sftp is a file transfer program, similar to ftp, which performs all operations over an encrypted ssh transport. It may also use many features of ssh, such as '''public key authentication''' and '''compression'''.''

~~Reference: http://man7~~'''FTP''' stands for '''File Transfer Protocol''' which provides a set of '''rules''' on how to convert data that is transferred between computers (both identical and different operating systems).~~org~~The '''sftp''' command performs file transfers securely</~~linux/man-pages/man1/sftp~~u> using encryption.~~1.html~~ ''Command Usage:''

'''~~FTP~~sftp username@hostname''' ~~is an acronym for '''File Transfer Protocol''' which provides a framework of rules on how to convert data that is transferred between computer servers (both identical and different).~~

When you login via the ''sftp '' command, ~~you are in~~ the '''sftp prompt''' (appears. The sftp prompt is like a Bash shell prompt, but with a limited number of commands).When issuing sftp commands ~~it is important to understand that~~ , the local server relates to the server where you first ~~issues~~ issued the sftp command.Refer to the diagram on the right for local and remote ''sftp'' commands.[[Image:graphical-sftp-application.png|thumb|right|250px|'''Graphical''' SFTP application.]]

~~Below is a table that provides sftp commands to perform basic transfer and file management commands. Some of those commands loosely resemble Unix/Linux commands.~~

'''<big>Graphical SFTP Applications</big>'''

~~<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"><tr style="text-align:center;"><th>Operation</th><td>~~Although it is important to know how to use the '''sftp ~~Command~~'''command for ''quizzes'', ''midterm'' and ''final exam'', ~~(Local Server)</td><td>~~there are '''graphical sftp ~~Command~~applications''' (Remote Server)</td></tr><tr><td>Display current working directory</td><th>!pwd</th><th>pwd</th></tr><tr><td>Display directory contents</td><th>!ls</th><th>ls</th></tr><tr><td>Change directory location</td><th>lcd</th><th>cd</th></tr><tr><td>Upload file that provide an alternative to ~~remote server<~~issuing commands. If you installed the graphical '''Secure Shell Client''' application in your Windows computer from performing [https:/~~td><th>put<~~/~~th><th>-<~~wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~~th><~~wiki/~~tr><tr><td>Download file~~ Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#CONNECTING_TO_YOUR_MATRIX_ACCOUNT_FROM_A_GRAPHICAL_WINDOWS_APPLICATION TUTORIAL 1 INVESTIGATION 1], you can use this application to ~~local server</td><th>get</th><th>-</th></tr></table>~~transfer files between your computer and your Matrix account by graphically '''navigating''', '''selecting''' and '''dragging''' files between computers.~~ ~~

===Sending Emails with File Attachment (mail)===

~~''mail is a command-line email client for Unix and Unix-like operating systems.''~~

~~Reference: https://en~~You can use the '''mail''' command in Matrix to send email messages to other email accounts via the Internet.~~wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_(Unix)~~

[[Image:mail-diagram.png|thumb|right|400px|Using the '''mail''' command with '''redirection''' to send email with file attachment.]]

'''Sending a Simple Email Message:'''

:#Type: '''mail username@hostname''' and press '''ENTER'~~Steps~~ '' :#Enter '''subject line''' and press '''ENTER''' :#Type the '''body of the message''' and then when ~~sending email (Method 1)~~finished, press '''ctrl+d''' to send message

'''Sending an Email Message with a File Attachment:'''[[Image:mail-diagram-2.png|thumb|right|275px|Viewing email with file attachment in '''Seneca email account'''.]]:#Type: '''mail ~~recipient~~username@hostname-a filepathname''' and press '''ENTER'''

:#Enter '''subject line''' and press '''ENTER'''

:#Type the '''body of the message''' and then when finished, press '''ctrl+d''' to send message '''Alternative Method of Sending an Email Message with a File Attachment:''' :#Type: '''mail -s "subject line" username@hostname < filepathname''':#Press '''ENTER''' to send '''NOTE:''' You ~~can~~ would have to use this method since you have used '''stdin''' redirection to attach the ~~mail command with~~ file’s so you can’t input the subject line from the terminal! =INVESTIGATION 1: FILE TRANSFER (SECURE COPY)= '''ATTENTION'-a'': This online tutorial will be required to be completed by '''Friday in week 8 by midnight''' ~~option~~ to ~~specify~~ obtain a ~~file.~~grade of '''2%''' towards this course [[Image:cmd.png|thumb|right|350px|Make certain to ''~~Example:~~'open a command-line terminal'''and '''~~mail recipient@hostname -~~NOT''' a graphic SSH application for this tutorial!.]]The '''SSH''' package on your ''home computer'' and on the ''Matrix Linux server'' contain a ~~filename~~'''suite''' (i.e. collection) of secure utilities including '''ssh''' and '''scp'''.

In this investigation, you will learn how to use the '''~~Steps when sending email (Method 2):~~scp'''command to '''securely copy files''' between your computer and your Matrix Linux server. This methods is useful because it can be performed in the ''MS-Windows'', ''MacOSx'', and ''Unix/Linux'' operating systems. You will also learn how to issue the '''ssh''' command to run commands on your '''remote''' Matrix server while remaining on your '''local''' computer.

:#Use the '''-s''' option in the command to specify the subject line of the command and use stdin redirection to send a text file as the body of the message. '''NOTE:''' The advantage of using this method is that you can send an email message without being prompted for the subject line or body of text message. ''Example:'' '''mail -s "your subject line" recipient@hostname < filename'''

~~ ~~

'''Perform the Following Steps:''' # Determine which operating system that your computer is using. # Connect to your Matrix account using the instructions in the table below based on your '''current operating system'''. <table style="margin-left:50px;"> <tr valign="top" style="text-align:center;"> <th>'''Newer Version of Windows 10:'''</th> <th>'''MacOSX:''' </th> <th>'''Linux:''' </th> </tr> <tr> <td>*From the start menu, type '''cmd''' and launch program*In the command terminal, enter the following command: ssh senecausername@matrix.senecacollege.ca </td> <td>*Click ''Launchpad'' icon, type '''terminal''' and press '''ENTER'''*In the terminal, enter the following command: ssh senecausername@matrix.senecacollege.ca </td> <td> *From the menu, choose: '''Applications''' > '''System Tools''' > '''Terminal'''*In the terminal, enter the following command: ssh senecausername@matrix.senecacollege.ca </td> </tr></table> <ol><li value="3">'''NOTE:''' Make certain to open a '''command-line terminal''' and NOT a graphical SSH application for this tutorial. </li><li>After logging into your Matrix account, issue to the '''pwd''' command to confirm you are in your home directory. </li><li>Issue the following Linux command to create the following directory: mkdir ~/remote </li><li>Change to the ~/remote directory and confirm that you have changed to that directory. </li><li>Use a text editor to create a text file called myfile.txt </li><li>Enter the following two lines displayed below in your editing session: This is my file It is a small file </li><li>Save editing changes to your ''myfile.txt'' file and exit your text editor. </li><li>Let's run a shell script to check that you created the remote directory and that you created the myfile.txt file (with correct file contents) in that directory. </li></li>Enter the following command: ~uli101/week6-check-1 </li><li>If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message, and proceed to the next step. NOTE: We will now learn to transfer files between your local home computer and your remote Matrix Linux server. </li></ol>[[Image:cmd.png|thumb|right|350px|You are required to '''remain''' in your '''local''' computer's command terminal for the remainder of this ''INVESTIGATION 1'' and ''INVESTIGATION 2'']]<ol><li value="12">'''Exit your Matrix ssh session''' but '''remain''' in the ''command terminal'' on your '''local''' computer.. '''ATTENTION:''' You are required to '''remain''' in your '''local''' computer's command terminal for the remainder of this ''INVESTIGATION'' and ''INVESTIGATION 2''. </li><li>The mkdir command works with MS Windows/UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers. Issue the following command on your local computer to create a directory called local: mkdir local </li><li>The cd command works with MS Windows/UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers. Issue the following command on your local computer to change to the local directory: cd local </li><li>If you are using MS Windows on your local computer, issue the dir command to confirm you are in the ''local'' directory; otherwise, use the pwd command. </li> <li>If you are in MS Windows, open the '''GRAPHICAL''' NotePad application to create a text file (Otherwise, use the nano or vi text editor). </li><li>Enter a few lines of text, and if using '''Notepad''', then click on the File menu and select save as (save as the filename other.txt in your local directory) and then exit the Notepad text editor. '''NOTE:''' if using another text editor, save your editing session and exit the text editor. </li><li>If your OS is MS Windows issue the dir Windows command to view the contents of your current directory (otherwise, issue the ls command for other operating systems). We will use the '''scp''' command to copy the local file called '''other.txt''' to your home directory on your remote Matrix Linux server. </li><li>Issue the following Linux command to copy the other.txt file from your local machine to your remote Matrix server (replace yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID and '''ADD A COLON : TO THE END OF THE COMMAND'''): scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca: </li><li>When prompted, enter your Matrix '''password'''. [[Image:scp-diagram-2.png|thumb|right|350px|You can issue the ssh command, followed by a '''command''' that will be run on your '''remote''' computer, but display command output on your '''local''' computer.]] TIP: You can issue the ssh command, followed by a command that will be run on your remote computer, but display on your local computer without having to establish a continuous connection to your remote Matrix server. </li><li>Issue the following command (using your matrix username): ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l other.txt </li><li>When prompted, '''enter your password''' and press '''ENTER'''. Do you see detailed information other.txt file? (look at bottom) That command was run remotely on your Matrix server as confirmation that you securely copied that file to the home directory of the Matrix server. Let's copy the file called '''myfile.txt''' in the '''~/remote''' directory that you created earlier in your Matrix account to your local directory on your home computer. </li><li>Issue the following Linux command (replace yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID). The period "." as '''second argument''' represents your current directory on your local computer): scp yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote/myfile.txt . </li><li>Issue the dir or ls command (depending on the OS of your local computer) to confirmed your properly copied that file from Matrix. </li><li>Use the '''Notepad''' application (or vi for other OS types) to create a text file called mytextfile.txt, type some text and then save in the local directory of your computer. <li>Issue the dir or ls command (depending on your OS) to confirm that your newly-created file exists in your local directory. </li><li>We are going to intentionally make a '''mistake''' with the '''scp''' command. Issue the following Linux command to copy the mytextfile.txt file from your local machine to your remote Matrix server (replace yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID and DO NOT INCLUDE THE : at the end of the command so see what happens): scp mytextfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca Did you notice anything different (i.e. no password)? </li><li>Issue the following command (using your matrix username): ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l mytextfile.txt </li><li>When prompted, enter your password and press ENTER. The file mytextfile.txt does NOT appear in your home directory on your Matrix server! Note that the COLON was NOT added to the end of the command! Therefore, you MUST remember to include the COLON : at the end of the hostname, or it will NOT remotely copy the file! </li><li>Issue the following command to properly copy that same file to your Matrix server: scp mytextfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca: </li><li>Issue the following command to confirm that it was remotely copied to your home directory in Matrix: ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l /home/yoursenecaid/mytextfile.txt Do you see the output for the detailed file listing of mytextfile.txt? What does this indicate? <li>Issue the following command to copy the '''other.txt''' file on your local computer to the '''~/remote''' directory in Matrix renaming it as '''different.txt''': scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote/different.txt </li><li>Issue the following command to confirm that the file was remotely copied to your '''~/remote''' directory in Matrix with a different filename: ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l /home/yoursenecaid/remote/different.txt Were you able to properly copy this file? Let's issue a checking script remotely to see that you properly copied that file from your local computer to your remote Linux server to both your home directory and ~/remote directory. </li><li>Issue the following: ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ~uli101/week6-check-2 If you encounter errors, re-run the scp commands to correct and re-run the above command until you receive a congratulations message. </li><li>Remain in the terminal on your local computer and proceed to ''INVESTIGATION 2''. </ol> :In the next investigation, you will use the '''sftp''' Linux command to transfer (i.e. copy) files between your local computer and the Matrix server.  =INVESTIGATION 2: ~~USING~~ FILE TRANSFER (SECURE ~~COPY~~FTP) = The '''SSH''' package on your ''home computer'' and on the ''Matrix Linux server'' contain a '''suite''' (i.e. collection)of secure utilities including '''ssh''' and '''sftp'''. In this investigation, you will learn how to use the '''sftp''' command to '''transfer''' files between Unix/Linux servers. This methods is useful because it can be performed in the ''MS-Windows'', ''MacOSx'', and ''Unix/Linux'' operating systems. You will also learn how to issue the '''ssh''' command to run commands on your '''remote''' Matrix server while remaining on your '''local''' computer.

~~ In this section, you will learn how to use the '''scp''' command.~~=== Command Line Terminal (CLI) ===

~~~~Let'~~''ATTENTION:''' Since~~ s look at using the ~~only server account you have is your~~ '''~~Matrix~~sftp''' ~~server, we will simulate using the scp~~ command ~~to copy from~~ on your '''~~Matrix'~~local'' ~~server to ~~'''another instance of your Matrix server'''. To make this work, we will need to edit a "start-up" file to place a special series of commands. You will learn more about start-up files later in this coursemachine.~~~~

'''Perform the Following Steps:'''

[[Image:cmd.png|thumb|right|275px|Make certain to remain in the command-line terminal in your '''local''' computer.]]

# Make certain that you are in a command terminal on your local computer (i.e. do '''NOT''' log into your Matrix account).

# Issue a command (depending on your OS) to confirm that you are located in the '''local''' directory in your home computer.

# If you are in MS Windows, open the NotePad application to create a text file (otherwise: use another text editor like vi or nano) .

# Enter a few lines of text, and then click on the File menu and select save as (save as the filename thefile.txt in your local directory) and then exit the Notepad text editor. If you using another OS, then save-as using the same filename and directory location for the text editor you are using.

# If your OS is MS Windows issue the dir Windows command to view the contents of your current directory (otherwise, issue the ls command for other operating systems). '''Note:''' the relative pathname symbols "'''.'''" and "'''..'''" work for the ''Windows''/''MacOSx''/''Unix''/''Linux'' operating systems.

# Issue the following command to move to the '''parent''' directory: cd ..

# If your OS is MS Windows issue the dir Windows command to view the contents of that parent directory that you changed to (otherwise, issue the ls command for other operating systems).

# Issue the following command to start an '''sftp''' session (note: yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID): sftp yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca '''NOTE:''' You may be required to enter '''yes''' to have the public key shared. [[Image:sftp-commands.png|thumb|right|350px|Common '''sftp''' commands to manage the transfer of files between computers.]]

# You should be in the '''sftp command prompt''' where you are expected to issue '''sftp commands'''. Please take a moment to view common local and remote ''sftp commands'' on the right-side table.

# Issue the following ''sftp command'': pwd What is the pathname? Which server does this represent: local or remote?

# Issue the following ''sftp command'': lpwd What is the pathname? Which server does this represent: local or remote?

# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to create a directory on your remote server: mkdir remote2

# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to confirm that the '''remote2''' directory has been created in your remote server's home directory: ls

# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''remote2''' directory on your ''remote'' server: cd remote2

# Issue the '''pwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''remote2'' directory on your remote server.

# Issue the following sftp command to change to the '''local''' directory on your local computer: lcd local

# Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''local'' directory on your local computer.

# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to transfer the file called '''thefile.txt''' to the '''~/remote2''' directory on your remote server: put thefile.txt

# Issue the '''ls''' sftp command to confirmed that you transferred the file called: '''thefile.txt''' Let's create another directory on your local computer called '''local2''' so we can learn to download a file from your remote directory.

# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''parent''' directory on your local computer: lcd ..

# Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that your current working directory on your local computer is your home directory.

# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to create the following directory on your local computer: lmkdir local2

# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''local2''' directory on your local computer: lcd local2

# Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm you have changed to the '''local2''' directory on your local computer. Let's learn to download a file from your remote server to your local computer.

# Issue the following '''sftp command''' to transfer your '''thefile.txt''' file from the '''remote2''' directory on your remote server to your local computer: get thefile.txt

# Issue the lls ''sftp command'' to confirm that you transferred the file '''thefile.txt''' to your local computer.

# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to exit the sftp utlilty: exit

# Issue the following Linux command to remotely run a checking script to ensure you created the correct directories and properly transferred those created files: ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ~uli101/week6-check-3

# If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message. '''FYI:''' To run a checking program to check if you created the '''local''' and '''local2''' directories in MS Windows would require running a local-based script (like '''PowerShell'''). Since this is a Unix/Linux based course, we don't have a PowerShell script, so we will ignore checking for files transferred to your local computer.

~~# '''Login''' your matrix account and issue a command to '''confirm''' you are located in your '''home''' directory.~~<~~br> # Issue the following Linux commands to create the following directories: mkdir ~/from mkdir ~/destination # Change to the '''~/from''' directory. # Use a text editor to create a text file called '''myfile.txt''' # Enter the following two lines displayed below: This is my file It is a small file # Save editing changes and exit your text editor. ~~# Change back to your '''home''' directory and confirm that you are located in your ''home'' directory. Let's run a '''shell script''' to check to make certain that you created the correct directories and that you created the '''myfile.txt''' file (with correct file contents) in the '''~/from''' directory in order to practice using the ''scp'' Linux command. ~~# Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script: bash /home/murray.saul/scripts/week6-check-1 ~~# If you encounter errors and re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message, and proceed to the next step. '''NOTE:''' As mentioned we will simulate using the scp on another instance of our Matrix server. To make this work, we will need to edit a "start-up" file to place a special series of commands ~~# Use a text editor to edit the following start-up file: '''~/.bashrc''' # Enter the following text (shown below) at the TOP of this file: [[ $~~- ~~== *i* ]] || return # Issue the following Linux command to confirm that the '''~/destination''' directory is empty: ls ~/destination ~~# Although you are in your Matrix account, issue the following Linux command (i.e. yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID): scp myfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:/destination '''NOTE:''' You may be required to type y to have the public key shared. ~~# When prompted, enter your Matrix password. # Issue the same Linux command that you issued in '''step #12'''. What did you notice? ~~# Issue the following Linux command: scp myfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca: Where do you think this file was copied to on your remote server?~~# Issue the ls command for the home directory. What do you see? ~~# Issue the following Linux command (leaving-out the colon character at the end): scp myfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca What happened? OLDER CONTENT

In # Make certain that you are logged into your Matrix account and are located in your '''home''' directory. # Issue the ~~next investigation,~~ following Linux commands to create the following directories: mkdir ~/local # Change to the '''~/local''' directory. # Use a text editor to create a text file called '''thefile.txt''' # Enter the following two lines displayed below for this text file: This is my file called thefile.txt It is also a small file # '''Save''' editing changes to the text file and exit your text editor. # Change back to your '''home''' directory and confirm that you are located in your ''home'' directory. Let's run a '''shell script''' to check to make certain that you created the correct directories and that you ~~will~~ created the '''myfile.txt''' file (with correct file contents) in the '''~/local''' directory before learning to use the ''sftp '' Linux command. # Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script: ~uli101/week6-check-3 # Issue the following Linux command to start an sftp session (note: yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID): sftp yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca '''NOTE:''' You may be required to enter '''yes''' to have the public key shared. You are now in the '''sftp command prompt''' where you are expected to issue '''sftp commands'''. Please refer to the table of ''sftp commands'' in the '''KEY CONCEPTS''' section for reference. # Issue the following ''sftp command'': pwd What is the pathname? Which server does this represent: local or remote? # Issue the following ''sftp command'': lpwd What is the pathname? Which server does this represent: local or remote? # Issue the following ''sftp command'' to create a directory on your remote server: mkdir remote # Issue the following ''sftp command'' to confirm that the '''remote''' directory has been created in your remote server's home directory: ls # Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''remote''' directory on your ''remote'' server: cd remote # Issue the '''pwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''remote2'' directory on your remote server. # Issue the following sftp command to change to the '''local''' directory on your local computer: lcd local # Issue the '''pwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''local'' directory on your local computer. # Issue the following ''sftp command'' to transfer your '''~/local/thefile.txt''' file to the '''~/remote''' directory on your remote server: put thefile.txt # Issue the '''ls''' sftp command to confirmed that you transferred/copied the file: '''thefile.txt''' Let's create another directory on your local computer called '''local2''' so we can learn to download a file from your remote directory. # Issue the following ''sftp command'' (iwithout an argument) to change to your '''home''' directory: lcd ~ # Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that your current working directory on your local computer is your home directory.e # Issue the following ''sftp command'' to create the following directory on your local computer: lmkdir local2 # Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''local2''' directory on your local computer: lcd local2 # Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm you have changed to the ''local2'' directory on your local computer. Let's learn to download a file from your remote server to your local computer. # Issue the following '''sftp command''' to transfer your '''thefile.txt''' file from your remote directory on your local computer: get thefile.txt # Issue the '''lls''' '''sftp command''' to confirm that you transferred/copied the file: thefile.txt on your local computer. # Issue the following ''sftp command'' to exit the sftp utlilty: exit # Issue the '''ssh''' command to login to your Matrix server account. ~~copy)~~ # Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script to ensure you created the CORRECT directories, created and copied the correct files ~~between servers~~: ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ~uli101/week6-check-3 # If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.

~~=INVESTIGATION 2: USING SECURE TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL =~~

~~In this section, you will learn how to ...~~

:Although it is important to learn how to use '''command-line sftp''' which is considered coverage for quizzes, midterm and final exam, there are '''graphical sftp applications''' available that are considered "user-friendly". The next investigation will show you how to transfer files between your local computer and your Matrix server graphically (assuming your local computer is running MS Windows).

=== Graphical Application (Secure Shell) ===

[[Image:graphical-sftp-application.png|thumb|right|200px|'''SSH Secure Shell Client''' has a graphical application to transfer files between computers.]]

If you installed the graphical Secure Shell application in [https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#CONNECTING_TO_YOUR_MATRIX_ACCOUNT_FROM_A_GRAPHICAL_WINDOWS_APPLICATION TUTORIAL 1 INVESTIGATION 1], you can run a '''graphical''' application from your computer desktop to transfer files between your computer and your Matrix account.

Let's run the '''Secure Shell SFTP application''' to transfer files between computers. This investigation assumes that your computer is a '''Windows''' machine. If you local computer is '''NOT''' a ''Windows'' machine, you can skip this investigation.

'''Perform the Following Steps:'''

# xOn your local computer, open the NotePad application to create a text file. # Enter a few lines of text, and then click on the File menu and select save as (save as the filename yourfile.txt in your local directory) and then exit the Notepad text editor. <table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:graphical-sftp-icon.png|thumb|right|110px|Double Click on SFTP to launch graphical application.]]</td><td>[[Image:sftp-connect.png|thumb|right|200px|Using Quick Connect to login to your Matrix Linux server.]]</td></table># In your local computer's command terminal, make certain that you are in the '''local''' directory, and if not, change to that directory. # Issue the dir command for the '''local''' directory to confirm that you created the file called '''yourfile.txt''' # On your Windows desktop, point and '''double-click''' on the '''SSH Secure file Transfer''' application icon. # The main Secure Shell SFTP application window should appear. '''FYI:''' This application shows files on your home computer (on the left-side) and files on your remote Matrix computer on the right-side. You will NOT see files for your Matrix server since you have NOT logged into the Matrix server. # Click the '''Quick Connect''' button located in the Secure SFTP application window. '''NOTE:''' The Connect dialog box allows the user to specify the '''server name''' and your '''account name''' to allow you to connect to the server. # Click on the textbox labelled '''Hostname''' and type the text: matrix.senecacollege.ca # Click on the textbox labelled '''User Name''' and type your Seneca username (i.e. same as your Seneca userid). # After entering the ''hostname'' and ''username'', click the '''Connect''' button. # Enter your Seneca password when prompted. # When you correctly connect to your Matrix account, you should see '''folders''' in your remote server (i.e. Matrix server). [[Image:graphical-sftp-application.png|thumb|right|250px|'''Click''' and '''drag''' file(s) to transfer between computers.]]# There are two sub-windows to represent your local computer on the left and the remote (Matrix) server on the right. # In the left (local computer) window, point and '''double-click''' on your Windows profile name (i.e. ''username'') and then locate and '''double-click''' on the '''local''' directory. # In the right (remote Matrix server) window, navigate to the '''remote2''' directory and '''double-click''' to move to that directory. # In the left window, click and drag the '''yourfile.txt''' file to the right window. # Check to see that the '''yourfile.txt''' file appears in the right window to confirm that the file has been transferred to your Matrix server. '''NOTE:''' You can select multiple files by using ''SHIFT-CLICK'' or ''CTRL-CLICK'' methods and then click and drag file selections between computers. # Take a few moments to noter other buttons for both local and remote windows to '''refresh the view''', '''delete file(s)''', '''navigate up to parent directory''', etc. # Click the '''File''' menu, and select '''Disconnect''' and then click '''OK''' to disconnect your sftp connection. # Now that you have disconnected, '''close''' the sftp application window. # Return to your command terminal on your local computer (do '''NOT''' connect to Matrix!). # Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script to confirm that you transferred the most recently-created textfile to the '''remote2''' directory in Matrix: ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ~uli101/week6-check-4 # When prompted, enter your password. # If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.

~~In the next investigation, you will ...~~-->

~~=INVESTIGATION 3~~: ~~USING THE MAIL COMMAND =~~In the next investigation, you will learn an alternative way to transfer a file to another computer server by sending an '''e-mail message with an attached file'''.

~~In this section, you will learn how to ...~~=INVESTIGATION 3: FILE TRANSFER (EMAIL) =

The '''Matrix''' server is also an '''email server''' that can allow you to '''send''' emails messages to other email accounts.

In this investigation, you will learn how to '''transfer''' a file from your Matrix server to another computer by sending an '''email message''' with a '''file attachment'''.

'''Perform the Following Steps:'''

# xMake certain that you connect and login to your '''Matrix''' server and confirm that you are located in your '''home''' directory. # Issue the following Linux command (using your Seneca-ID): mail yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca # When prompted, enter the '''subject line''': Test Message and press ENTER # In the email message '''BODY''' section, type the following text displayed below (and press '''ENTER'''): This is a test email message # Press ctrl-d to send your email message. Did any output display? What you do think '''EOT''' stands for? # Launch a '''web-browser''', login into your '''Seneca email''' account and check for new email messages. Did you receive the email message that you sent from your Matrix server? If you did NOT receive an e-mail message, check the '''JUNK''' or '''CLUTTER''' folders. If you still did not receive an email message, return to your terminal and re-issue the '''mail''' command making certain that you pressed ctrl-d instead of pressing '''ctrl-c''' # Return to your terminal (i.e. Linux Bash shell) and issue the following Linux command: mail -a ~/remote/myfile.txt yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca # When prompted, enter the subject line: Test Message with Attachment and press ENTER # In the email message '''BODY''' section, type the following text displayed below (and press '''ENTER'''): This is a test email message with a file attachment # Press ctrl-d to send your message. # Switch to your Seneca email and check for new email messages. Did you receive that email message? Does the email contain a file attachment? # Return to your Linux Bash shell and issue the following Linux command: mail yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca < ~/remote/myfile.txt What happened? Were you prompted for subject and could you enter text in email body? Did you see a file attachment as a separate file, or just text? # Check your email to see if you received your email message. If you did, what do you notice regarding the subject line? You should have noticed that there was '''NO''' customized '''subject line''', since you redirected '''standard input''' (''stdin'') from the file, so there was no way for the user to send a subject line. You can use the '''-s''' option, followed by text (in quotes) to specify a '''subject line'''. # Return to your Linux Bash shell and issue the following Linux command: mail -s "email with attachment" yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca < ~/remote/myfile.txt # Check your email to see if you received your email message. If you did, what do you notice this time? # After completing this INVESTIGATION, perform the LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS at the end of the tutorial.

= LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS =

simulate a quiz:

https://~~ict~~wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~~~murray.saul~~uli101/~~uli101~~files/uli101_week6_practice.docx

Your instructor may take-up these questions during class. It is up to the student to attend classes in order to obtain the answers to the following questions. Your instructor will NOT provide these answers in any other form (eg. e-mail, etc).

'''Review Questions:'''

# Write a Linux command to copy a file in the current directory called '''mytext.txt''' from your Matrix account to your account called '''user1 ''' on the Linux server domain name called '''tech.myserver.com''' to that user’s home directory.

# Write a Linux command similar to the previous question, but rename the file on the remote Linux server to '''yourtext.txt'''

# Write a Linux command to copy a file called '''~/project/linux.txt''' to the remote server called '''linux.techie.org''' (your username for this remote server is the same username for your local server).

# Write a Linux command to connect to the username '''saulm''' for the server domain name '''tux.senecac.on.ca''' to transfer files between Linux servers.

# Assuming that you are connected to that server in '''question #4'''. What is the sftp command to display your current working directory on your local server?# Assuming that you are connected to that server in '''question #4'''. What is the sftp command to view files in your local server? What is the sftp command to view files in your remote server?# Assuming that you are connected to that server in '''question #4'''. What is the sftp command to download the file answers.txt from the current directory of your remote server?# Assuming that you are connected to that server in '''question #4'''. What is the sftp command to upload the file questions.txt from your local server to the '''~/documents/tests''' directory on your remote server?# Assuming that you are connected to that server in '''question #4'''. What is the sftp command to quit your current session?

# Write a Linux command to send the attached file '''message.txt''' to the email address '''murray.saul@senecacollege.ca''' with the subject line: '''Important Message'''

# Create a '''table''' listing each Linux command, useful options ~~that were mentioned in the online assignment #1~~ and command purpose for the following Linux commands: '''scp''' , '''sftp''' , '''mail'''.# Create a '''table''' listing each '''sftp command''' and it's purpose. _________________________________________________________________________________ Author: Murray Saul License: LGPL version 3Link: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html _________________________________________________________________________________

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