<br>===Main Objectives of this Practice Tutorial===  :* Learn how to access your '''Matrix''' server account (from home and/or from a '''remote''' Seneca computerlab). :* Learn several ways to '''exit''' your Matrix Linux Account session. :* Understand the '''Linux command structure''' and how to get '''help''' with Linux command usage. :* Become efficient with '''Linux command line editing''' by using '''short-cut keys'''. :* Perform Issue a '''checking program''' (i.e. ''Shell Script'') to '''the first section and half of the second section of online assignment #1confirm'''that you accessed your Matrix account. :* Perform '''LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS''' for additional practice<br><br>.

|colspan="2" |'''Slides:'''<ul><li>Week 1 Lecture 1 Notes:<br>[https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101slides/ULI101-Week11.1.pdf PDF] | [https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101slides/ULI101-Week11.1.pptx PPTX]</li></ulli>TutorialsWeek 1 Lecture 2 Notes:<ul><libr>[https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/uli101/slides/ULI101-1.2.pdf PDF] | [HOWTOhttps: Access Your Matrix Account]//wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/uli101/slides/ULI101-1.2.pptx PPTX]<br></li></ul>'''Tutorials:'''<ul><li>[httphttps://czegelwiki.cdot.senecacollege.comca/senecawiki/uli101/lectures/Lecture1.html Les Czegel's Week 1 Notes (HTML)Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#INVESTIGATION_1:_ACCESSING_YOUR_MATRIX_LINUX_ACCOUNT HOWTO: Access Your Matrix Account]</li></ul>'''Windows SSH client Software:'''<ul><li>[http://www.sfsu.edu/ftp/win/ssh/SSHSecureShellClient-3.2.9.exe SSH/SFTP]</li><li>[httphttps://thewww.chiark.earthgreenend.liorg.uk/%7Esgtatham~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.exe html Putty]</li><li>[https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-client-download Bitvise SSH Client]</li><li>[https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/download-home-edition.html MovaXterm]</li></ul>

| style="padding-left:15px;" |'''Matrix Account Access:'''

'''Command Line Editing:'''

| style="padding-left:15px;"|'''General Linux Commands:'''

|colspan="1" style="padding-left:15px;" width="30%"|'''Brauer Instructional Videos:'''<ul><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5RcOngDV_o Connecting to Matrix Using SSH Client, Starting the Assignments, and Running UBUNTU Within Windows 10]<br><br></li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wZmZOKLllk&list=PLU1b1f-2Oe90TuYfifnWulINjMv_Wr16N&index=2 Linux File System, Basic Navigation (ls, cd, pwd, tree), Absolute and Relative Paths]</li></ul>

===Purpose of Having a Your Student Account on Matrix Linux Server Account===

| style="padding-left:0px;width:10%" |'''mylearn.senecacollege.ca'''

| style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |''Student Lecture Notes'' / ''Tutorials'' (weekly, review) / ''Practice Questions'' / ''Additional Learning Resources''

| style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Matrix is our Linux Account server environment used for "''hands-on Practicepractice''" and Assignment submission. Each ULI101 student has an account on this server.

[[Image:cli-prompt.png|thumb|right|120px|A '''shell''' is an interface / interpreter to allow a user to communicate with the Linux computer system. ]]Although you need to study concepts (slides) throughout this course, you will also need to get '''hands-on practice running Linux commands as well as performing online tutorials and performing and submitting online course assignments'''.<br>This requires that you '''connect to a Linux server''' (Matrix) and become comfortable with '''issuing Linux commands'''.

:* Performing '''Linux Practice Tutorials'''('''11 Weekly Tutorials x 2% = 22% of your final grade''')

:* Performing '''Online Linux AssignmentsReview Tutorial''' ('''38 Sections x 1% = 8% of your final grade''') ===Connecting to the Seneca Student VPN===[[Image:gp1.png|thumb|right|130px|'''Seneca Student VPN''' ]] All Seneca College students are required to connect to the '''Seneca Student VPN''' in order to be able to connect to their '''Matrix''' Linux account when outside of campus as a '''network security''' measure. The Seneca Student VPN uses multi-factor authentication (MFA)when logging in to verify you are who you say you are.

===Connecting ''<b>Multi-factor authentication</b> is an electronic authentication method in which a computer user is granted access to a website or application only after successfully presenting two or more pieces of evidence (or factors) to an authentication mechanism: knowledge (something the Seneca Global Portal===[[Image:gp1user and only the user knows).png|thumb|right|130px|'''Seneca Global Portal''' ]]Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-factor_authentication

Seneca College is "rolling-out" additional measures to improve '''network security'''. One of these measures<br>is to implement '''multi-factored authentication'''. As of '''September 2020''', all Seneca College students are required<br>to connect to the '''Seneca Global Portal''' in order to be able to connect to their '''Matrix''' Linux account.<br><br>''<b>Multi-factor authentication</b> is an electronic authentication method in which a computer user is granted access to a website or application only after successfully presenting two or more pieces of evidence (or factors) to an authentication mechanism: knowledge (something the user and only the user knows).'' Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-factor_authentication<br><br>You should have received an email e-mail message (also available in course announcements) regarding with instructions on how to setup set up your Smart Phone to connect and valid via the Seneca Global Portalsmartphone for multi-factor authentication. '''NOTE:''' If you haven't done this installed it yet, please perform do so by following the steps provided in the following linkITS instructions here:<br>https://employeesstudents.senecacollege.ca/spaces/77186/it-services/wiki/view/37221025/student-vpn<br><br>

In the next investigation, you will learn how to '''connect''' to and '''login''' to your Matrix server account from a remote computer<br>such as your '''home desktop computer''', '''laptop''' or '''tablet''' computer.<br><br>

[[Image:clicls-promptshell.png|thumb|right|80px100px|]]After connecting Connect to the Seneca Global Portal, you can open a Matrix via'''command terminal'''<br>in your '''Newer Windows 10''', '''Mac''ssh' or '''Linux''' computer and issue the following command:<br><br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;">ssh senecauserid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>[[Image:ssh-application-icon.png|right|80px|]]You can also click on the following link There are two basic methods to connecting to '''download''' and '''install''' a graphical SSH application for your Windows machine:<br>http://www.sfsu.edu/ftp/win/ssh/SSHSecureShellClient-3.2.9Matrix account.exe<br><br>

=INVESTIGATION '''Method 1: ACCESSING YOUR MATRIX LINUX ACCOUNT=Run ssh Command from command prompt:'''

<span style="color:red;">After connecting to the '''ATTENTIONSeneca Student VPN''': Depending on your ULI101 instructor, you may be required to complete this tutorial for can open a '''markscommand terminal''' in this course.<br>Please refer to your instructor's course notes and lecture notes regarding evaluation for this course.<br><br>The due date for successfully completing this tutorial (i.e. ''Windows 10 (or above)'tutorial 1'', ') is by ''Mac'Friday by midnight''or ' next week (i.e. ''Linux'Week 2''').computer and issue the following command:: <brspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;">If your instructor has NOT assigned marks for completing this tutorial, you can perform it for '''practice'''ssh senecauserid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>

In this investigation, you will learn how to connect and login [[Image:ssh-main-window.png|thumb|right|100px|Connect to your Matrix account by issuing a command from your computervia '''s text-based terminal<br>and/or by downloading, installing a running a graphical Windows ''' SSH Program ]]'''Method 2: Run graphical application.<!--ssh program via MyApps in Seneca computer lab:'''

[[Image=INVESTIGATION 1:apps-anywhere-main-window.png|thumb|right|250pxACCESSING YOUR MATRIX LINUX ACCOUNT={{Admon/important|ATTENTION: This weekly tutorial must be completed by ''Friday at 11:59pm in Week 2'MyApps'to obtain a grade of '' (2%'''AppsAnywhere''') Main Window ]]If towards this course.|It is essential that you were able to access one of Seneca computer labs, you could access an application to connect to complete these Weekly Tutorials fully and on time. These are your Matrix account via major learning tool in the '''MyApps''' applicationcourse. There are no late marks.}}

Since many students are '''not''' permitted to access Seneca's computer labs at In this time due to '''COVID19'''section, you can install and run the '''AppsAnywhere''' application (which works in an identical way will learn how to MyApps) on a remote Windows computer. This application is an application streaming service that lets you install software on any Seneca PC on demand. Any software application on the AppsAnywhere menu can be used on computers in classrooms, labs, and the Computing Commons.access your Matrix Linux account by two different methods:

Reference: https* From your '''home computer''' <br>://inside.senecacollege.ca/its/software/myapps/* From a '''workstation in a Seneca College''' lab via '''MyApps'''

'''NOTE===METHOD 1:''' Although you can install and run the AppsAnywhere application on an Apple Mac computer, you will NOT have access to many of the Windows applications (including applications to connect to your Matrix account). In this case, you can open a '''terminal''' and issue the '''ssh''' command to connect to your Matrix account. CONNECTING TO YOUR MATRIX ACCOUNT FROM YOUR HOME COMPUTER===

--> ===CONNECTING TO YOUR MATRIX ACCOUNT FROM A COMMAND LINE TERMINAL=== [[Image:gp1.png|thumb|right|130px|The '''Global PortalSeneca Student VPN''' service must be connected.]]

'''Perform the Following Steps:'''# Before proceedingIf you want to connect to your Matrix account from home, make you MUST first connect to the Seneca Student VPN.<br>Make certain that your '''Seneca Global Portal Student VPN is connected'''.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you haven't set this up, refer to the following link for instructions;<br>https://employeesstudents.senecacollege.ca/spaces/77186/it-services/wiki/view/37221025/student-vpn<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You only have to connect to your Seneca Global Portal student VPN once during the day,<br>or while you are logged into your computer.<br><br>

<th>'''Newer Version of Windows 10(or above):'''</th> <th>'''MacOSXmacOS:''' </th>

<ol><li value="4">When connecting securely for the '''first time''', a '''dialog box''' will appear to share a "'''public key'''" with your Matrix account in order to make your interaction between your workstation and the remote Linux server secure within the network (i.e. encrypted to prevent unauthorized access by other users)<br><br>''<b>FYI:</b> To make communications over a network '''secure''', a computer generates '''two keys''': a '''private key''' that is kept on the computer, and a '''public key''', which can be shared with other computers. Transmissions from your computer uses the private key to encrypt ('''scramble''') transmission to the remote computer, which in turn, uses the public key to decrypt (unscramble) the transmission. Likewise, the remote computer uses the public key to encrypt (scramble) transmissions and your computer uses the private key to decrypt ('''unscramble''') those transmissions.''<br><br></li><li>Type '''yes''' and press '''ENTER''' to share your public key.<br><br>Next, a '''dialog box''' will appear prompting you for your Matrix account '''password''' in order to gain entry to your Matrix account.<br>Your Matrix password is <u>identical</u> to your Seneca password. <br><br>'''NOTE:''' As you type the password, the text will may be '''blocked-out''' or '''hidden'''<br>to prevent others from viewing the screen to obtain your password<br><br></li><li>Enter your Seneca password and press '''ENTER'''<br><br></li>'''NOTE:''' If you encounter an '''error message''', this can occur for several reasons:<ol><li>You mis-spelled the '''name of the server'''</li><li>You mis-spelled your Matrix '''username''' (same username that you connect to ''my.senecacollege.ca'')</li><li>You have '''CAPS LOCK''' on by mistake (your username should be '''lowercase''' only).</li><li>You mis-spelled your '''password''' (same password that you connect to ''my.senecacollege.ca'')<br><br>If you continue to experience the same problems, click on the following link for IT service desk contact info: <br>[https://employeesstudents.senecacollege.ca/spaces/122190/support/wiki/view/35241473/contact-its '''IT service desk'''].<br><br></li></ol>

===METHOD 2: CONNECTING TO YOUR MATRIX ACCOUNT FROM A GRAPHICAL WINDOWS APPLICATIONSENECA COMPUTER LAB=== <span style="color:red;font-weight:bold;">NOTE: This section requires you have access to a Seneca computer lab on campus.<br>If you don't have access to a Seneca computer lab this semester, then you can skip this section</span><br><br>

You can also install and run connect to your Matrix server account in the '''Seneca Computer lab via MyApps'''.<br><br>One advantage of this method is that your are at the college; therefore, '''you do NOT have to worry about connecting to the Seneca VPN'''. Another advantage of using this method is to introduce you to a free '''MS Windows graphical SSH applicationprogram''' in order to allow you connect to your Matrix account.<br>You may find it useful when running a graphical SSH application as opposed to using the '''copy and paste textssh'''. There are several applications<br>that you can download and install, but we will be using command (shown in the SSH Secure Shell Client application for this tutorialprevious section).<br><br>

[[Image:apps-anywhere-main-window.png|thumb|right|250px|'''Perform the Following Steps:MyApps''' ('''AppsAnywhere''') Main Window ]]This method would also be useful if you do '''not''' have a home (notebook) computer and have access to a Seneca computer lab workstation.<!--br><br> '''MyApps''' ('''AppsAnywhere''') is an application streaming service that lets you install software on any Seneca PC on demand. Any software application on the MyApps menu can be used on computers in classrooms, labs, and the Computing Commons. Reference: https://inside.senecacollege.ca/its/software/myapps/

<table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ma_1.png|thumb|right|150px|Click on Login button.]]</td><td>[[Image:ma_2.png|thumb|right|150px|Enter your Seneca email address.]]</td><td>[[Image:ma_3.png|thumb|right|150px|Authenticate via your Seneca username and password.]]</td></table># Open a web-browser on your Windows PC.<br><br># Click on the following link: https://myapps.senecacollege.ca/<br><br># Click the '''Login''' button to proceed.<br><br># When prompted, enter your your Seneca College email address.<br><br># You will be taken to the ''authentication dialog box'': enter your Seneca College username and password.<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ma_4.png|thumb|right|150px|Click on on the blue area.]]</td><td>[[Image:ma_5.png|thumb|right|150px|Click on '''Next''' to install the streaming application.]]</td><td>[[Image:apps-anywhere-main-window.png|thumb|right|250px|now use '''MyApps''' ('''AppsAnywhere''') Main Application Window ]]</td></table># A '''dialog box''' appears to offer a choice of actions. You need to install an application to support the Apps Anywhere streaming service.<br>Click on the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">blue</span> area to install the application.<br><br># Click '''Next''' to proceed with installing the streaming application.<br><br>'''NOTE''': You may be require to '''authenticate''' using your computer account's password. Also, you may be required to '''restart''' Windows workstation in your computer after the application has been installed.<br><br>If you restarted your computer, then launch a '''web-browser''' and click on the following '''link''' to resume: https://myapps.senecacollege.ca/<br>You may be required Seneca lab room to login and validate like you did in previous steps.<br><br># You should notice that the '''AppsAnywhere''' main application window appears.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You may see a '''Validation in Process''' (or a '''validation successful''') message appear .<br>Although your applications are displayed, you <u>cannot</u> launch them until the validation process is successful.<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ma_validation.png|thumb|right|175px|Validation in Process Message in AppsAnywhere. ]]</td><td>[[Image:ma_system_tray.png|thumb|right|175px|Starting '''Cloudpaging''' Service in your '''System Tray'''. ]]</td><tr></table>You can tell if the system is still validating if an red exclamation mark <span style="color:red; font-weight:bold">!</span> appears in the application icon.<br><br>If the validation process is taking a long time, try opening the '''Cloudpaging''' service in the '''system tray''' located in the right side of the taskbar (to allow you may need to click to display ALL services connect and then '''double-click''' the '''Cloudpaging''' application login to launch)your Matrix server account.<br><br># After your AppsAnywhere session has been validated, click on the '''Search Apps''' area located in the top right corner of the AppsAnywhere window and type the word: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ssh</span><br><br>[[Image:apps-anywhere.png|thumb|right|250px|Several SSH applications will appear. We will use the application called '''SSH Client''' for this practice tutorial. ]]# Several SSH applications will appear. <br><br>'''NOTE:''' All of these applications allow you to connect to your Matrix account.<br>We will use the application called '''SSH Secure Shell Client''' for this practice tutorial.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you encounter an error trying to launch the SSH application via AppsAnywhere,<br>click on the following link for IT service desk contact info: [https://employees.senecacollege.ca/spaces/122/support/wiki/view/3524/contact-its '''IT service desk'''].<br><br># Launch the '''SSH Secure Shell Client''' application icon to launch this program.<br><br>'''TIP:''' Prior to launching the application, you can add this to your '''favourites''' which will make it faster<br>to access this application in the future.<br><br><span style="color:blue">'''NOTE #1''': If you experience a problem launching any of your applications, you should note that there is a '''Cloudpaging Player''' application<br>that lists applications launched. If your application did '''NOT''' launch properly, '''right click''' on each listed application and select '''remove''' from the menu.<br>Then re-launch your application from the AppsAnywhere page (the IT service desk indicated that this can occasionally occur).<br><br>

# '''Click''' the following '''link''' to download and install Perform the free SSH Secure Shell application on your Windows computerFollowing Steps:<br>http://www.sfsu.edu/ftp/win/ssh/SSHSecureShellClient-3.2.9.exe<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you can't download or run this link, check to see if you computer allows downloads from this site.<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ssh-application-icon.png|thumb|right|75px|Double-click SSH icon on desktop to launch application]]</td><td>[[Image:ssh-main-window.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Client Application Window ]]</td></table># After the application has been installed, an application icon should appear on your desktop.<br>'''Double click''' the '''SSH Secure Shell Client''' application icon to run this application.<br><br>The main SSH Client window will appear. Let's learn how to connect to and login to our Matrix account using this graphical SSH application.<br><br># Click the '''Quick Connect''' button.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The ''Connect dialog box'' allows the user to specify the '''server name''' and your '''account name''' to allow you to connect to the server.<br><br>[[Image:quick-connect-window.png|thumb|right|150px|Quick Connect Dialog Box ]]# Click on the textbox labelled '''Hostname''' and type the text: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You can use the hostname '''matrix''' if you are at Seneca college.<br>If you where located <u>outside</u> Seneca's network, then you would need to enter<br>the <u>full</u> domain name: '''matrix.senecacollege.ca'''<br><br>You will be using the latter hostname since you will be connecting to your Matrix account remotely<br>and not within the college.<br><br>[[Image:share-public-key.png|thumb|right|150px|Dialog Box to Share Public Key on Remote Server ]]# Click on the textbox labelled '''User Name''' and type your Seneca username (i.e. same as your Seneca userid.<br><br> # Click the '''Connect''' button.<br><br># When connecting securely for the '''first time''', a '''dialog box''' will appear to share a "public key" with your Matrix account in order to make your interaction between your workstation and the remote Linux server secure within the network (i.e. encrypted to prevent unauthorized access by other users).<br><br># Click the '''Yes''' button to share your public key.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' In subsequent logins to your Matrix account, you may experience a ''welcome dialog box'' - simply click '''OK''' to proceed.<br><br># Next, a '''dialog box''' will appear prompting you for your '''Matrix account password''' in order to gain entry to your Matrix account. Your Matrix password is identical to your Seneca password. As you type the password, the text will be blocked-out or hidden to prevent others from viewing the screen to obtain your password<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ssh-password-prompt.png|thumb|right|150px|Password Dialog Box ]]</td><td>[[Image:ssh-authentication-response.png|thumb|right|150px|Authentication Response Dialog Box ]]</td></table># '''Enter your password''' and click '''OK'''.<br><br>[[Image:ssh-login-error.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Login Error ]]# Click '''OK''' at the ''Authentication Response dialog box''.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you encounter an '''error message''', this can occur for several reasons:<ol><li>You mis-spelled the '''name of the server'''</li><li>You mis-spelled your Matrix '''username''' (same username that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)</li><li>You have '''CAPS LOCK''' on by mistake (your username should be '''lowercase''' only).</li><li>You mis-spelled your '''password''' (same password that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)</li></ol><br>If you continue to experience the same problems,<br>click on the following link for IT service desk contact info: [https://employees.senecacollege.ca/spaces/122/support/wiki/view/3524/contact-its '''IT service desk'''].<br><br>[[Image:ssh-shell-window.png|thumb|right|150px|Matrix Shell Command Line Interface ]]#If you followed the login steps correctly, the '''SSH Linux shell should appear''' where you enter Linux commands.<br><br>The '''Matrix''' server has been configured to allow users to '''only interact with the Linux OS by issuing commands'''. There are various reasons for this, but the main 2 reasons are to '''force students to learn how to issue Linux commands''' as well as '''limitations to remote access to a graphical Linux server''' due to large number of users (students).<br><br>

# Start your workstation in your lab and login to your Seneca Windows account.<br><br># Make certain that the '''MyApps'''Configuring window is open. This window should have opened shortly after you logged into your Graphical Windows workstation. If the application windows is not open, click on the '''MyApps''' icon on the desktop to launch).<br><br>[[Image:ssh-main-window.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Client ApplicationWindow ]]<span style="color:red;font-weight:bold;">NOTE: You may be required to validate in order to use MyApps correctly. If you see near the top of the screen "requires validation", then click on that area to connect to validate.</span><br><br># Click on the '''Search Apps''' area located in the top right corner of the MyApps window and type the word: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ssh</span><br><br># Several SSH applications will appear. <br><br>'''NOTE:''' All of these applications allow you to connect to your Matrix account.<br>We will use the application called '''SSH Secure Shell Client''' for this practice tutorial.<br><br># Launch the '''SSH Secure Shell Client''' application icon to launch this program.<br><br>[[Image:quick-connect-window.png|thumb|right|150px|Quick Connect Dialog Box ]]'''NOTE:''' Prior to launching the application, you can add this to your '''favourites''' which will make it faster<br>to access this application in the future.<br><br> # The main SSH Client window will appear. Click on the '''Quick Connect''' button.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The Connect dialog box allows the user to specify the '''server name''' and your '''account name'''<br>to allow you to connect to the server.<br><br># Click on the textbox labelled Hostnanme and enter the text: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">matrix</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You can use the hostname '''matrix''' since you are located <u>inside</u> Seneca's network.<br>If you where located <u>outside</u> Seneca's network, then you would need to enter the full domain name: '''matrix.senecac.on.ca'''<br><br>[[Image:share-public-key.png|thumb|right|150px|Dialog Box to Share Public Key on Remote Server ]]# When connecting securely for the '''first time''', a dialog box will appear to share a "public key" with your Matrix account in order to make your interaction between your workstation and the remote Linux server secure within the network (i.e. encrypted to prevent unauthorized access by other users)<br><br>'''FYI:''' To make communications over a network secure, a computer generates '''two keys''': a '''private key''' that is kept on the computer, and a '''public key''', which can be shared with other computers. Transmissions from your computer uses the private key to encrypt (scramble) transmission to the remote computer, which in turn, uses the public key to decrypt (unscramble) the transmission. Likewise, the remote computer uses the public key to encrypt (scramble) transmissions and your computer uses the private key to decrypt (unscramble) those transmissions.<br><br>[[Image:ssh-password-prompt.png|thumb|right|150px|Password Dialog Box ]]# Click the '''Yes''' button to share your public key.<br><br># Next, a dialog box will appear prompting you for your Matrix account password in order to gain entry to your Matrix account. Your Matrix password is identical to your Seneca password. As you type the password, the text will be blocked-out or hidden to prevent others from viewing the screen to obtain your password[[Image:ssh-authentication-response.png|thumb|right|150px|Authentication Response Dialog Box ]]<br><br># Enter your password and click '''OK''' or press '''ENTER'''<br><br>[[Image:ssh-login-error.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Login Error ]]# Click '''OK''' or press '''ENTER''' at the '''Authentication Response''' dialog box.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you encounter an '''error message''', this can occur for several reasons:<ol><li>You mis-spelled the '''name of the server'''</li><li>You mis-spelled your Matrix '''username''' (same username that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)</li><li>You have '''CAPS LOCK''' on by mistake (your username should be '''lowercase''' only).</li><li>You mis-spelled your '''password''' (same password that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)</li></ol><br>If you continue to experience the same problems, click on the following link for IT service desk contact info: <br>[https://students.senecacollege.ca/spaces/190/support/wiki/view/1473/contact-its '''IT service desk'''].<br><br>[[Image:ssh-shell-window.png|thumb|right|150px|Matrix Shell Command Line Interface ]]#If you entered your password correctly, the main SSH Linux shell should appear where you enter Linux commands.<br><br>The '''Matrix''' server has been configured to allow users to '''only interact with the Linux OS by issuing commands'''. There are various reasons for this, but the main 2 reasons are to '''force students to learn how to issue Linux commands''' as well as '''limitations to remote access to a graphical Linux server''' due to large number of users (students).<br><br>[[Image:ssh-settings-window.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Settings Dialog Box ]]

You can '''configure''' your Windows graphical the SSH application to adjust elements such as<br>the '''window size''' and '''text font type''' and text '''text font size'''. [[Image:ssh-settings-window.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Settings Dialog Box ]]<br><br>We will now show be showing you how to configure just your '''SSH Secure Shell Client''' application,<br>(FYI: but the other SSH applications available in the '''Week 1 reference section''' also have the ability can allow you to configure their settings).<br><br>

# You now should notice that you have customized your SSH shell terminal. You can use the settings screen<br>to also change your background and text '''colours''' if you are interested in doing so.<br><br># Try moving your mouse pointer to the bottom right-hand corner of the SSH application window,<br>then '''click and drag''' outwards to make the application window larger.<br><br># To exit your Matrix session, type the following command and press ENTER: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">exit</span> followed by '''ENTER'''<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You should notice that the colour of the text changes slightly when disconnected<br>and you are unable to issue Linux commands from that window.<br><br># After you have disconnected from your account, '''close''' the SSH Secure Shell Client application window.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You are '''STRONGLY ADVISED''' # It is recommended to use the '''exit''' command repeat these steps with connecting to properly terminate your Matrix session<br>'''<u>PRIOR</u>''' to closing the SSH or terminal application window!<br><br>In the next investigation, account from a Seneca lab workstation until you will learn how to '''issue Linux commands''' and how to<br><u>setup</u> and <u>perform</u> become comfortable with the '''first two sections of the online ULI101 assignment #1'''process.<br><br>

===Part 1: Using the Linux Shell =Command Structure==

The Bash shell in Matrix allows you to interact with your Matrix account Linux by issuing typing commands.

'''The General basic Linux Command Structure command structure is as follows:'''<br><span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">command argument1 argument2 ... </span>

Some Linux commands can be issued by entering the Linux command line without arguments (e.g. '''pwd''', '''date''', '''ls''', '''cal'''),<brspan style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">but many Linux commands can be issued with arguments (ecommand argument1 argument2 .g. '''cal 2002''', '''cd /bin''', '''ls -l -a /bin''' ).<br><br/span>'''What Does an Argument Represent?'''

An Some Linux commands can be used as-is (e.g. '''argumentpwd''' can respresent::* a , '''date''', '''file pathnamels''':* a command , '''optioncal''':* a series of characters ), but many Linux commands can also be issued with arguments (ie.eg. '''textcal 2002''', '''cd /bin''', '''ls -l -a /bin''') that the command can use .

'''What is an argument?''' An argument is used to change the default behaviour of a command. Arguments come in three major forms: # A command '''option'''.#* Example: <code>-l</code># A '''file pathname'''.#* Example: <code>/etc</code># A series of characters (i.e. '''text''') that the command can use.#* Example: <code>"Hello, world."</code> An '''argument''' is <u>must be separated</u> from a command (or and from other arguments) by whitespace (a '''SPACE''', '''MULTIPLE SPACES''' or a '''TAB''').<br><br>

# Make certain Confirm that you are logged into your Matrix account.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span><br><br>#* '''Explanation:''' The output from this Linux command basically shows your '''current location''' in on the Matrix server(otherwise known as your '''p'''resent '''w'''orking '''d'''irectory).<br>This represents a '''directory pathname''' to your home directory. We will discuss ''pathnames'' later in this course.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls</span><br><br>#* '''Question:''' What do you notice?<br><br>#* '''Answer:''' If there were are any files in your home directory, just only their file names would be are displayed.<br><br># Issue Change your directory location by issuing the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cd /binetc</span><br><br># Issue the following Linux command to confirm your changed current location: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span>#* '''Result:''' Your Linux session should display <brcode>/etc/<br/code>when running this command. If your output is different, retrace your steps to make sure you haven't skipped anything or had a typo in a command.# Issue the following Linux commandagain: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls</span><br><br>#* '''Question:''' What do you notice?<br><br>How is this different from the last time you ran it?# Issue Re-run the following Linux ls command using an '''option''': <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls -l</span><br><br>#* '''Question:''' What do you notice?<br><br>#* '''Answer:''' The '''-l''' option combined with the '''ls''' command provides displays a '''detailed''' ("''long''") listing of the same files , providing you with more information on a separate line for about each file.<br><br>This is called metadata (data about data), and includes information such as last modified date, file size, ownership and permissions.# Issue the following Linux command to return Return to your home directory: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cd</span><br><br># Issue the following Linux command Now confirm you've changed back to confirm your current locationhome directory: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span>#* '''Result:''' The shell should display <brcode>/home/''yourusername''<br/code># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls /bin</span><br><br> # Issue the following Linux command to confirm your current location: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span><br><br>#* '''Question:''' What do you notice?<br><br>#* '''Question:''' What makes this command with that argument useful if you are current currently located in your home directory?<br><br># Issue a Linux command that you have already learned to change to your '''home''' directory<br>and to '''confirm''' that you have returned to your home directory.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">clear</span><br><br>#* '''Question:''' What do you notice? How would Why is this command be helpful?<br>#* '''FYITip:''' The short-cut shortcut keys to clear the screen for the Bash shell isare: <span style="font-family:courier;color:font-weight:bold">ctrl-l</span><br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">who</span><br><br>#* '''Question:''' What information does this command show?<br><br>#* '''Answer:''' This command lists users that are logged into the same Matrix Linux server as yourself.<br>#* '''NOTE:''' Remember that the Matrix Linux cluster contains several servers, so it does not (or nodes). It won't display<br>all users that are logged onto those other machines within that into the cluster!<br><br>, only the ones on the same node as you. # Issue the following Linux command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">whoami</span><br><br>#* '''Question:''' What does this command display? #* '''Question:''' What do you think is the purpose of this command?<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cal</span><br><br>#* '''Question:''' What is the purpose of does this commanddo?<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cal 20212035</span><br><br>What #* '''Question:''' How and why is the purpose of this command using this argumentoutput different?<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cal 2 20212035</span><br><br>#* '''Question:''' What is the purpose do each of this command using those two these numbers do?#* '''numbersQuestion:''' as What do you think would happen if you reversed the order of those arguments?<br><br>(i.e. cal 2035 2) '''==Getting Help with Linux Commands'''==

With the Linux OS containing over '''2500''' commands and utilities, it is good 's important for a Linux user or <br>users and Linux system administrator administrators (sysadmin) to learn about how to use commands “on-the-fly”.<br><br>The '''man''' command can provide information on how to use a command<br>(i.e. '''command usage''', '''acceptable command arguments''', '''command options''', '''examples''').<br><br># Issue the following command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">man man</span><br><br>You may notice that the online manual categories commands into sections or '''numbered volumes'''.<br><br># Type the '''SPACE''' key to move to the next screen.<br><br>How many '''volume numbers''' are contained in the man pages (like '''executable commands''',<br>'''games''', or '''system administrator commands''')?<br><br>'''TIP:''' You can use the following '''short-cut keys''' within the man command to <br>help navigate throughout this utility to get help with the ls command (refer to table below):<br><br><table cellpadding="3"><tr><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Keyboard Shortcut</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Purpose</th></tr><tr><td>'''ENTER'''</td><td>Move down one line</td></tr><tr><td>'''SPACEBAR'''</td><td>Move one screen down</td></tr><tr><td>'''&lt;ctrl&gt;&lt;b&gt;'''</td><td>Move one screen up</td></tr><tr><td>'''/pattern/'''</td><td>Search for Pattern</td></tr><tr><td>'''q'''</td><td>quit man utility</td></tr></table><br># Press the letter <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">q</span> to exit the man command.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command to get help with the ls command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">man ls</span><br><br># Navigate through the man utility for the '''ls''' Linux command and note the '''option letters''' that correspond to the following descriptions:<br><ul><li>"'''use a long lising format'''"</li><li>"'''do not ignore entries starting with .'''" (i.e. hidden files)</li><li>"'''sort by file size'''"</li><li>"'''append indicator (one of */=>&|) to entries'''" (i.e. type of file)</li></ul><br># Exit the man utility for the ''ls'' command.<br><br># Issue the '''ls''' command for <u>each</u> of those option letters you noted in '''step 4''' to see how this command differs for each option.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The '''man''' utility can be used with the '''-k''' option to help list Linux commands that match a text pattern<br>that is contained within the help screen for a Linux command.<br><br># '''Pipeline commands''' can be used to filter-out unnecessary output. In the next command that you will be issuing,<br>the output from the '''man -k''' command, is sent into the '''grep''' command to ''filter'' (i.e. ''trap'') only output that matches the pattern "8"<br>(The number "8" refers to the category of type of command - in this case, administration commands).<br><br>We will learn more about pipeline commands later in this course.<br><br># Issue the following Linux pipeline command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">man -k user | grep 8</span><br><br>How does this ''pipeline command'' make it easier to obtain information regarding man command?<br><br># If you wish to change your password, you can change it by issuing the command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">passwd</span><br>What option for the passwd command can be used to change user info (such as name)?<br>'''Hint:''' use the '''man''' command for '''passwd'''.<br><br># Press the letter <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">q</span> to exit the man command.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' Do '''NOT''' run the ''passwd'' command. Unique for this college, your Matrix password<br>is changed automatically when you change your '''myseneca''' password.<br><br>You will now learn how to perform '''command line editing'''<br>to correct syntax errors while typing Linux commands PRIOR to pressing the ENTER key.<br><br>

The '''Command Line Editingman'''[[Image:utility is an interactive collection of manual pages that provides information on how to use a given command-line-editing(i.png|thumb|right|520px|Command Line Editing Shortcut Keyse. '''command usage''', '''acceptable command arguments''', '''command options''', '''examples'''). ]]

Learning '''shortcut keys''' in any OS terminal You will allow you now learn how to be more productive as a perform ''Linux user'command line editing' or ''to correct syntax errors while typing Linux System Administrator'' (commonly referred commands PRIOR to as: '''Linux sysadmin''').<br><br><br>Let's learn a few common Bash Shell keyboard shortcut keys and find out where you can access online help for additional shortcuts (if required)pressing the ENTER key.

# Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-l</span> key combination. What happens? What is the advantage of using '''ctrl-u''' as opposed to '''ctrl-l'''?<br><br>The Bash shortcut keys that you just learned are sufficient to perform Bash Shell editing.<br>Although you are NOT required to learn other short-cut keys, here is a link to a listing in case you are interested:<br>[https:// ostechnix.com/list-useful-bash-keyboard-shortcuts/ Useful Bash Shell Keyboard Shortcuts]<br><br>'''Running a Shell Script to Check Student Participation'''

These programs (known as '''Running a Shell Scripts) will Script to Check Student Online Tutorial Participation'''<table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:script-check-1.png|thumb|right|250px|If all all check your work and offer feedback if you made mistakespass, so you then user performed can make correctionsproceed.]]<br/td>Making corrections (i<td>[[Image:script-check-2.e. troubleshooting) png|thumb|right|450px|If there is a warning, then feedback is provided to user to correct and re-running these run checking programs until you are successful will help studentsscript.]]</td><br/table>gain "hands-on" experience that will help them complete the online assignments.

Students whose professors do NOT assign marks for Professors will require students successfully perform these online tutorials are encouraged to perform them for "hands-on" practicemarks (within a deadline). The checking program for this In order to confirm that you successfully performed a tutorial is just showing proof that , you were able will be required to connect run a program (or in later tutorials, several programs) to your Matrix account from your home computerprove that you successfully completed tasks in a tutorial and get marks.

# Make certain that your current directory is '''Perform your home directory''' by entering the Following Stepsfollowing Linux command:#* <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">cd</span># Issue the following command to run a checking script:#* <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">~uli101/week1-check</span>#* '''Note:''' The beginning character "'''~'''" is called '''tilde'''. You get this character by pressing '''SHIFT''' + '''`''' (which is the key to the left of the number 1 on your keyboard). # Your screen should clear and indicate that you have proved that you have successfully logged in.# An email will be sent to your Seneca email as '''confirmation''' in case your ULI101 professor is assigning marks to these tutorials.#* Keep those confirmation email messages for the duration of this semester as proof that you have completed those checking scripts in case there is a discrepancy in tutorial grades.<!--

# Make certain that your current directory is '''your home directory'''<br>By entering the following Linux commandNOTE:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">cd</span><br><br>#Issue the following command to run a checking script (there is a '''space''' separating '''bash''' and the '''script pathname'''):<br><span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">bash /home/murray.saul/myscripts/week1-check</span><br><br>Your screen should clear ONLINE ASSIGNMENTS ARE RETIRED AND REPLACED WITH ONLINE TUTORIALS and indicate that you have proved that you have successfully logged in.<br>An email will be sent to your Seneca email as '''confirmation''' in case your ULI101 professor is assigning marks to these tutorials. Keep those confirmation email messages for the duration of this semester as proof that you have completed those checking scripts in case there is a discrepancy in tutorial grades.<br><br>REVIEW QUESTIONS

# In your Matrix account, issue the following command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier">~uli101/assign1a1</span><br><br>

# The assignment main menu will then be displayed.<br><br>'''NOTES:'''<ul><li>Near the bottom of the window, you will see '''"You are currently registered to"''' followed by the '''section letter''' and '''instructor name'''. Double-check your course timetable to confirm that this the correct section letter. If you have selected the WRONG section, type <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">C</span> in the menu selection area and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ENTER</span>. You will return back to the original window to select your correct course section.<br><br></li><li>Near the top of the window displays the sections to complete in the assignment. You are NOT required to complete all sections at the same time. You can check the assignment #1 link on the ULI101 main WIKI page to note the due date for assignment #1. Sections that are NOT completed will be displayed in '''reverse text with a blue background'''. On the other hand, when you compete a section, then the section will appear as regular text<br>(i.e not in reverse text).<br><br>[[Image:assn-completed-window.png|thumb|right|250px|Main Assignment Window to Confirm Which Sections Have or Have Not Been Completed. ]]</li><li>If you want to verify that you have completed sections for the assignment, look for the text '''"Marks earned so far for ULI101 Assignment:"''' and it will show how many sections have been completed. When it shows all sections completed, then your assignment is finished and you should receive full marks provided that you have selected your correct course section.<br><br></li></ul># At the '''Selections Available''' menu assignment #1 window, enter <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">1</span> in the menu selection area to begin the first section called '''"Introduction to Unix Commands"'''.<br><br>

# Run Re-run the command to restart your assignment that you did in step #1 and go to the '''main menu'''.<br>What do you notice?<br><br>If you successfully completed the first two sections, they no longer appear in reverse video.<br>This indicates that you have completed the first two sections of this assignment(i.e. you do NOT have to save your work!).<br><br>

Here is a link to the MS a Word Document document of ALL of the questions displayed below but with extra room to answer on the document tosimulate a quiz:

: https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101files/uli101_week1_practice.docx