Difference between revisions of "Tutorial 1: Using Your Matrix Server Account"
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− | :* Learn how to access your '''Matrix''' server account from | + | :* Learn how to access your '''Matrix''' server account (from home and/or from Seneca computer lab). |
:* Learn several ways to '''exit''' your Matrix Linux Account session. | :* Learn several ways to '''exit''' your Matrix Linux Account session. | ||
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:* Become efficient with '''Linux command line editing''' by using '''short-cut keys'''. | :* Become efficient with '''Linux command line editing''' by using '''short-cut keys'''. | ||
− | :* | + | :* Issue a '''checking program''' (i.e. ''Shell Script'') to '''confirm''' that you accessed your Matrix account. |
:* Perform '''LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS''' for additional practice<br><br> | :* Perform '''LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS''' for additional practice<br><br> | ||
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|- valign="top" style="padding-left:15px;" | |- valign="top" style="padding-left:15px;" | ||
− | |colspan="2" |Slides:<ul><li>[https:// | + | |colspan="2" |'''Slides:'''<ul><li>Week 1 Lecture 1 Notes:<br> [https://github.com/ULI101/slides/raw/main/ULI101-1.1.pdf PDF] | [https://github.com/ULI101/slides/raw/main/ULI101-1.1.pptx PPTX]</li><li>Week 1 Lecture 2 Notes:<br> [https://github.com/ULI101/slides/raw/main/ULI101-1.2.pdf PDF] | [https://github.com/ULI101/slides/raw/main/ULI101-1.2.pptx PPTX] <br></li></ul>'''Tutorials:'''<ul><li>[https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#INVESTIGATION_1:_ACCESSING_YOUR_MATRIX_LINUX_ACCOUNT HOWTO: Access Your Matrix Account]</li><li>[http://czegel.com/seneca/uli101/lectures/Lecture1.html Les Czegel's Week 1 Notes (HTML)]</li></ul>'''Windows SSH client Software:'''<ul><li>[http://www.sfsu.edu/ftp/win/ssh/SSHSecureShellClient-3.2.9.exe SSH/SFTP]</li><li>[https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/latest.html Putty]</li><li>[https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-client-download Bitvise SSH Client]</li><li>[https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/download-home-edition.html MovaXterm]</li></ul> |
− | | style="padding-left:15px;" |Matrix Account Access | + | | style="padding-left:15px;" |'''Matrix Account Access:''' |
*[https://ss64.com/bash/logout.html logout , exit]<br> | *[https://ss64.com/bash/logout.html logout , exit]<br> | ||
*[https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-typing-Ctrl+C-and-Ctrl+D-in-the-Linux-terminal <ctrl><d>] | *[https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-typing-Ctrl+C-and-Ctrl+D-in-the-Linux-terminal <ctrl><d>] | ||
*[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/passwd.1.html passwd]<br> | *[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/passwd.1.html passwd]<br> | ||
− | Command Line Editing | + | '''Command Line Editing:''' |
*[https://www.ostechnix.com/list-useful-bash-keyboard-shortcuts/ Bash Shell Shortcut Keys]<br> | *[https://www.ostechnix.com/list-useful-bash-keyboard-shortcuts/ Bash Shell Shortcut Keys]<br> | ||
− | | style="padding-left:15px;"|General Linux Commands | + | | style="padding-left:15px;"|'''General Linux Commands:''' |
*[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/pwd.1.html pwd]<br> | *[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/pwd.1.html pwd]<br> | ||
*[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/cd.1p.html cd]<br> | *[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/cd.1p.html cd]<br> | ||
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− | |colspan="1" style="padding-left:15px;" width="30%"|Brauer Instructional Videos:<ul><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= | + | |colspan="1" style="padding-left:15px;" width="30%"|'''Brauer Instructional Videos:'''<ul><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5RcOngDV_o Connecting to Matrix Using SSH Client, and Running UBUNTU Within Windows 10]<br><br></li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wZmZOKLllk&list=PLU1b1f-2Oe90TuYfifnWulINjMv_Wr16N&index=2 Linux File System, Basic Navigation (ls, cd, pwd, tree), Absolute and Relative Paths]</li></ul> |
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| style="padding-left:0px;width:10%" |'''my.senecacollege.ca''' | | style="padding-left:0px;width:10%" |'''my.senecacollege.ca''' | ||
− | | style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Learning Content Management System (Student Grades / | + | | style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Learning Content Management System (''Link to Resources'' / ''Student Grades'' / ''Online Quizzes'') |
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding-left:0px;width:10%" |'''ict.senecacollege.ca''' | | style="padding-left:0px;width:10%" |'''ict.senecacollege.ca''' | ||
− | | style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" | | + | | style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Online access to slides, documents via webpage links |
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding-left:0px;width:10%" |'''wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca''' | | style="padding-left:0px;width:10%" |'''wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca''' | ||
− | | style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" | | + | | style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |''Student Notes'' / ''Tutorials'' (weekly, review) / ''Practice Questions'' / ''Resources'' |
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding-left:0px;width:10%" |'''<span style="color:blue;">matrix.senecacollege.ca</span>''' | | style="padding-left:0px;width:10%" |'''<span style="color:blue;">matrix.senecacollege.ca</span>''' | ||
− | | style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Linux Account for | + | | style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Linux Account for "''hands-on Practice''" |
|} | |} | ||
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[[Image:cli-prompt.png|thumb|right|120px|A '''shell''' is an interface / interpreter to allow a user to communicate with the Linux computer system. ]] | [[Image:cli-prompt.png|thumb|right|120px|A '''shell''' is an interface / interpreter to allow a user to communicate with the Linux computer system. ]] | ||
− | Although you need to study concepts throughout this course, you will also need to | + | Although you need to study concepts throughout this course (slides, etc.), you will also need to get '''hands-on practice running Linux commands as well as performing and submitting online tutorials'''.<br>This requires that you '''connect to a Linux server''' and become comfortable with '''issuing Linux commands'''. |
− | + | In Unix/Linux, a '''shell''' is simply an '''interface''' to allow a user to communicate with the Linux computer system (server). Linux shells have evolved (improved) over a period of time. You will be using the '''Bash Shell''' which is considered to be ''user-friendly''. By understanding how to issue Linux commands, you can create a file that contains Linux commands (called a '''shell script''') later in this course to automate tasks to make you a more '''productive''' Linux user and system administrator. | |
===Layout of the Matrix Linux Server=== | ===Layout of the Matrix Linux Server=== | ||
− | [[Image:matrix-layout.png|thumb|right|250px|The Matrix server consists of several | + | [[Image:matrix-layout.png|thumb|right|250px|The Matrix server consists of several Computers connected together to form a '''cluster'''. A '''Linux Cluster''' is a '''cost effective''' alternative to larger servers. ]] |
− | The Matrix server consists of '''several | + | The '''Matrix server''' consists of '''several computers connected together''' to form a '''cluster'''.<br>A '''Linux cluster''' is a '''cost effective''' alternative to buying larger servers. |
All registered students in this course should have an account on the Matrix server.<br>You will be using this account for the following reasons: | All registered students in this course should have an account on the Matrix server.<br>You will be using this account for the following reasons: | ||
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:* Issuing '''Linux commands''' | :* Issuing '''Linux commands''' | ||
:* Becoming productive using the Linux '''command prompt''' ('''shell''') | :* Becoming productive using the Linux '''command prompt''' ('''shell''') | ||
− | :* Performing '''Linux | + | :* Performing '''Linux Tutorials''' ('''11''') |
:* Performing '''Linux Practice Questions''' | :* Performing '''Linux Practice Questions''' | ||
− | :* Performing ''' | + | :* Performing '''Review Tutorial Questions''' ('''2''') |
− | ===Connecting to the Seneca | + | ===Connecting to the Seneca Student VPN=== |
− | [[Image:gp1.png|thumb|right|130px|'''Seneca | + | [[Image:gp1.png|thumb|right|130px|'''Seneca Student VPN''' ]] |
− | Seneca College is "rolling-out" additional measures to improve '''network security'''. One of these measures | + | Seneca College is "rolling-out" additional measures to improve '''network security'''. One of these measures is to implement '''multi-factored authentication'''. As of '''September 2020''', all Seneca College students are required to connect to the '''Seneca Student VPN''' in order to be able to connect to their '''Matrix''' Linux account.<br><br>''<b>Multi-factor authentication</b> is an electronic authentication method in which a computer user is granted access to a website or application only after successfully presenting two or more pieces of evidence (or factors) to an authentication mechanism: knowledge (something the user and only the user knows).'' Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-factor_authentication<br><br>You should have received an email message (also available in course announcements) regarding how to setup your Smart Phone to connect and valid via the Seneca Student VPN. '''NOTE:''' If you haven't done this yet, please perform the steps provided in the following link:<br>https://students.senecacollege.ca/spaces/186/it-services/wiki/view/1025/student-vpn<br><br> |
In the next investigation, you will learn how to '''connect''' to and '''login''' to your Matrix server account from a remote computer<br>such as your '''home desktop computer''', '''laptop''' or '''tablet''' computer.<br><br> | In the next investigation, you will learn how to '''connect''' to and '''login''' to your Matrix server account from a remote computer<br>such as your '''home desktop computer''', '''laptop''' or '''tablet''' computer.<br><br> | ||
===Connecting to Your Matrix Account=== | ===Connecting to Your Matrix Account=== | ||
− | + | There are two basic methods to connecting to your Matrix account: | |
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− | + | [[Image:cls-shell.png|thumb|right|100px|Connect to Matrix via'''ssh''' command]] | |
+ | :'''Method 1: Run ssh Command from command prompt:''' | ||
− | + | :After connecting to the '''Seneca Student VPN''', you can open a '''command terminal'''<br>in your '''Newer Windows 10''', '''Mac''' or '''Linux''' computer and issue the following command:<br><br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;">ssh senecauserid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br> | |
+ | [[Image:ssh-main-window.png|thumb|right|100px|Connect to Matrix via '''graphical''' SSH Program ]] | ||
+ | :'''Method 2: Run graphical ssh program via MyApps in Seneca computer lab:''' | ||
+ | :If you are in a Seneca computer lab, you can use MyApps to run a '''graphical SSH application''' for your Windows machine. One advantage of using this method is that you are already at Seneca and are NOT required to connect to the student VPN.<br><br> | ||
+ | '''NOTE:''' You instructor may show you how to run a graphic Linux VM in order to connect to your Matrix account (if interested, refer to the optional tutorial at the end of this semester). | ||
+ | <br><br><br> | ||
− | + | =INVESTIGATION 1: ACCESSING YOUR MATRIX LINUX ACCOUNT= | |
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− | + | <span style="color:red;">'''ATTENTION''': Effective '''May 9, 2022''' - this online tutorial will be required to be completed by<br>'''Friday in week 2 by midnight''' to obtain a grade of '''2%''' towards this course</span><br><br> | |
− | + | In this section, you will learn how to access your Matrix Linux account by two different methods: | |
− | ''' | + | :* From your '''home computer''' <br> |
+ | :* From a '''workstation in a Seneca College''' lab via '''MyApps''' | ||
− | |||
− | ===CONNECTING TO YOUR MATRIX ACCOUNT FROM | + | ===METHOD 1: CONNECTING TO YOUR MATRIX ACCOUNT FROM YOUR HOME COMPUTER=== |
− | [[Image:gp1.png|thumb|right|130px|The ''' | + | [[Image:gp1.png|thumb|right|130px|The '''Seneca Student VPN''' service must be connected.]] |
You will now learn a quick and simple method of connecting to your Matrix account by opening<br>a text-based '''terminal''' (in any OS) and issuing the '''ssh command'''.<br><br> | You will now learn a quick and simple method of connecting to your Matrix account by opening<br>a text-based '''terminal''' (in any OS) and issuing the '''ssh command'''.<br><br> | ||
− | '''Perform the Following Steps:''' | + | '''Perform the Following Steps:''' |
− | # | + | # If you want to connect to your Matrix account from home, you MUST first connect to the Seneca Student VPN.<br>Make certain that your '''Seneca Student VPN is connected'''.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you haven't set this up, refer to the following link for instructions;<br>https://students.senecacollege.ca/spaces/186/it-services/wiki/view/1025/student-vpn<br><br>You only have to connect to your Seneca student VPN once during the day,<br>or while you are logged into your computer.<br><br> |
− | # Determine which operating system that your computer is using. | + | # Determine which '''operating system''' that your computer is using.<br><br> |
− | # Try connecting to your Matrix account using the instructions in the table below based on <u>your</u> '''current operating system'''.<br><br> | + | # Try connecting to your Matrix account using the instructions in the '''table''' below based on <u>your</u> '''current operating system'''.<br><br> |
<table style="margin-left:50px;"> | <table style="margin-left:50px;"> | ||
<tr valign="top" style="text-align:center;"> | <tr valign="top" style="text-align:center;"> | ||
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</td> | </td> | ||
<td> | <td> | ||
− | * | + | *Click ''Launchpad'' icon, type '''terminal'''<br>and press '''ENTER''' |
*In the terminal, enter the following command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-size:.75em;">ssh senecausername@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span> | *In the terminal, enter the following command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-size:.75em;">ssh senecausername@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span> | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
<td> | <td> | ||
− | *From the menu, choose:<br>'''Applications''' > '''System Tools''' > '''Terminal''' | + | *From the menu, choose:<br>'''Applications''' > '''System Tools''' > '''Terminal''' |
*In the terminal, enter the following command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-size:.75em;">ssh senecausername@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span> | *In the terminal, enter the following command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-size:.75em;">ssh senecausername@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span> | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
− | <ol><li value="4">When connecting securely for the '''first time''', a dialog box will appear to share a "'''public key'''" with your Matrix account in order to make your interaction between your workstation and the remote Linux server secure within the network (i.e. encrypted to prevent unauthorized access by other users)<br><br>'' | + | <ol><li value="4">When connecting securely for the '''first time''', a '''dialog box''' will appear to share a "'''public key'''" with your Matrix account in order to make your interaction between your workstation and the remote Linux server secure within the network (i.e. encrypted to prevent unauthorized access by other users)<br><br>''<b>FYI:</b> To make communications over a network '''secure''', a computer generates '''two keys''': a '''private key''' that is kept on the computer, and a '''public key''', which can be shared with other computers. Transmissions from your computer uses the private key to encrypt ('''scramble''') transmission to the remote computer, which in turn, uses the public key to decrypt (unscramble) the transmission. Likewise, the remote computer uses the public key to encrypt (scramble) transmissions and your computer uses the private key to decrypt ('''unscramble''') those transmissions.''<br><br></li><li>Type '''yes''' and press '''ENTER''' to share your public key.<br><br>Next, a '''dialog box''' will appear prompting you for your Matrix account '''password''' in order to gain entry to your Matrix account.<br>Your Matrix password is <u>identical</u> to your Seneca password.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' As you type the password, the text may be '''hidden''' to prevent others from viewing your password<br><br></li><li>Enter your Seneca password and press '''ENTER'''<br><br></li>'''NOTE:''' If you encounter an '''error message''', this can occur for several reasons:<ol><li>You mis-spelled the '''name of the server'''</li><li>You mis-spelled your Matrix '''username''' (same username that you connect to ''my.senecacollege.ca'')</li><li>You have '''CAPS LOCK''' on by mistake (your username should be '''lowercase''' only).</li><li>You mis-spelled your '''password''' (same password that you connect to ''my.senecacollege.ca'')<br><br>If you continue to experience the same problems, click on the following link for IT service desk contact info: <br>[https://students.senecacollege.ca/spaces/190/support/wiki/view/1473/contact-its '''IT service desk'''].<br><br></li></ol> |
− | <li>If you entered your password correctly, the '''Matrix Linux shell''' should appear where you can enter Linux commands.<br><br>The '''Matrix''' server has been configured to allow users to '''only interact with the Linux OS by issuing commands'''.<br>The main reason for this is to '''force students to learn how to issue Linux commands'''.<br><br></li><li>To exit your Matrix session, type the command <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">exit</span> followed by '''ENTER'''<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You should notice that you are returned to the original command prompt where you issued the ''ssh'' command.<br><br></li><li> | + | <li>If you entered your password correctly, the '''Matrix Linux shell''' should appear where you can enter Linux commands.<br><br>The '''Matrix''' server has been configured to allow users to '''only interact with the Linux OS by issuing commands'''.<br>The main reason for this is to '''force students to learn how to issue Linux commands'''.<br><br></li><li>To '''exit''' your Matrix session, type the command <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">exit</span> followed by '''ENTER'''<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You should notice that you are returned to the original command prompt where you issued the ''ssh'' command.<br><br></li><li>Type the same command at the '''command terminal prompt''': <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">exit</span> followed by '''ENTER'''<br><br> |
− | '''NOTE:''' You should notice that the you are disconnected and that the original terminal window has '''automatically closed'''.<br><br></li><li>Try accessing your Matrix account, and then exiting your Matrix account several times to become familiar with this process.<br><br>You will now learn an alternative method to access your Matrix account (if you have an MS Windows machine)<br>by downloading and running a graphical SSH application.</li></ol><br> | + | '''NOTE:''' You should notice that the you are disconnected and that the original terminal window has '''automatically closed'''.<br><br></li><li>Try accessing your Matrix account, and then exiting your Matrix account several times to become familiar with this process.<br><br>You will now learn an '''alternative method''' to access your Matrix account (if you have an MS Windows machine)<br>by downloading and running a graphical SSH application.</li></ol><br> |
+ | |||
+ | ===METHOD 2: CONNECTING TO YOUR MATRIX ACCOUNT FROM SENECA COMPUTER LAB=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <span style="color:red;font-weight:bold;">NOTE: This section requires you have access to a Seneca computer lab on campus.<br>If you don't have access to a Seneca computer lab this semester, then you can skip this section</span><br><br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | You can also connect to your Matrix server account in the '''Seneca Computer lab via MyApps'''.<br><br> | ||
+ | One advantage of this method is that your are at the college; therefore, '''you do NOT have to worry about connecting to the Seneca VPN'''. Another advantage of using this method is to introduce you to a '''graphical program''' to allow you connect to your Matrix account as opposed to using the '''ssh''' command (shown in the previous section).<br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Image:apps-anywhere-main-window.png|thumb|right|250px|'''MyApps''' ('''AppsAnywhere''') Main Window ]] | ||
+ | This method would also be useful if you do '''not''' have a home (notebook) computer and have access to a Seneca computer lab workstation.<br><br> | ||
− | + | '''MyApps''' ('''AppsAnywhere''') is an application streaming service that lets you install software on any Seneca PC on demand. Any software application on the MyApps menu can be used on computers in classrooms, labs, and the Computing Commons. | |
− | + | Reference: https://inside.senecacollege.ca/its/software/myapps/ | |
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− | + | You will now use '''MyApps''' on your Windows workstation in your Seneca lab room to launch an application<br>to allow you to connect and login to your Matrix server account. | |
− | + | [[Image:apps-anywhere.png|thumb|right|250px|Several SSH applications will appear. We will use the application called '''SSH Client''' for this practice tutorial. ]] | |
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− | + | '''Perform the Following Steps:''' | |
− | # ''' | + | # Start your workstation in your lab and login to your Seneca Windows account.<br><br> |
− | # | + | # Make certain that the '''MyApps''' window is open. This window should have opened shortly after you logged into your Windows workstation. If the application windows is not open, click on the '''MyApps''' icon on the desktop to launch).<br><br>[[Image:ssh-main-window.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Client Application Window ]]<span style="color:red;font-weight:bold;">NOTE: You may be required to validate in order to use MyApps correctly. If you see near the top of the screen "requires validation", then click on that area to connect to validate.</span><br><br> |
− | # Click the '''Quick Connect''' button.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The Connect dialog box allows the user to specify the '''server name''' and your '''account name'''<br>to allow you to connect to the server.<br><br> | + | # Click on the '''Search Apps''' area located in the top right corner of the MyApps window and type the word: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ssh</span><br><br> |
− | # Click on the textbox labelled | + | # Several SSH applications will appear. <br><br>'''NOTE:''' All of these applications allow you to connect to your Matrix account.<br>We will use the application called '''SSH Secure Shell Client''' for this practice tutorial.<br><br> |
− | + | # Launch the '''SSH Secure Shell Client''' application icon to launch this program.<br><br>[[Image:quick-connect-window.png|thumb|right|150px|Quick Connect Dialog Box ]]'''NOTE:''' Prior to launching the application, you can add this to your '''favourites''' which will make it faster<br>to access this application in the future.<br><br> | |
− | + | # The main SSH Client window will appear. Click on the '''Quick Connect''' button.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The Connect dialog box allows the user to specify the '''server name''' and your '''account name'''<br>to allow you to connect to the server.<br><br> | |
− | # When connecting securely for the '''first time''', a dialog box will appear to share a "public key" with your Matrix account in order to make your interaction between your workstation and the remote Linux server secure within the network | + | # Click on the textbox labelled Hostnanme and enter the text: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">matrix</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You can use the hostname '''matrix''' since you are located <u>inside</u> Seneca's network.<br>If you where located <u>outside</u> Seneca's network, then you would need to enter the full domain name: '''matrix.senecac.on.ca'''<br><br>[[Image:share-public-key.png|thumb|right|150px|Dialog Box to Share Public Key on Remote Server ]] |
+ | # When connecting securely for the '''first time''', a dialog box will appear to share a "public key" with your Matrix account in order to make your interaction between your workstation and the remote Linux server secure within the network (i.e. encrypted to prevent unauthorized access by other users)<br><br>'''FYI:''' To make communications over a network secure, a computer generates '''two keys''': a '''private key''' that is kept on the computer, and a '''public key''', which can be shared with other computers. Transmissions from your computer uses the private key to encrypt (scramble) transmission to the remote computer, which in turn, uses the public key to decrypt (unscramble) the transmission. Likewise, the remote computer uses the public key to encrypt (scramble) transmissions and your computer uses the private key to decrypt (unscramble) those transmissions.<br><br>[[Image:ssh-password-prompt.png|thumb|right|150px|Password Dialog Box ]] | ||
# Click the '''Yes''' button to share your public key.<br><br> | # Click the '''Yes''' button to share your public key.<br><br> | ||
− | # Next, a dialog box will appear prompting you for your | + | # Next, a dialog box will appear prompting you for your Matrix account password in order to gain entry to your Matrix account. Your Matrix password is identical to your Seneca password. As you type the password, the text will be blocked-out or hidden to prevent others from viewing the screen to obtain your password[[Image:ssh-authentication-response.png|thumb|right|150px|Authentication Response Dialog Box ]]<br><br> |
− | # ''' | + | # Enter your password and click '''OK''' or press '''ENTER'''<br><br>[[Image:ssh-login-error.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Login Error ]] |
− | # Click '''OK''' at the '''Authentication Response''' dialog box.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you encounter an '''error message''', this can occur for several reasons:<ol><li>You mis-spelled the '''name of the server'''</li><li>You mis-spelled your Matrix '''username''' (same username that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)</li><li>You have '''CAPS LOCK''' on by mistake (your username should be '''lowercase''' only).</li><li>You mis-spelled your '''password''' (same password that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)</li></ol><br>If you continue to experience the same problems, | + | # Click '''OK''' or press '''ENTER''' at the '''Authentication Response''' dialog box.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you encounter an '''error message''', this can occur for several reasons:<ol><li>You mis-spelled the '''name of the server'''</li><li>You mis-spelled your Matrix '''username''' (same username that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)</li><li>You have '''CAPS LOCK''' on by mistake (your username should be '''lowercase''' only).</li><li>You mis-spelled your '''password''' (same password that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)</li></ol><br>If you continue to experience the same problems, click on the following link for IT service desk contact info: <br>[https://students.senecacollege.ca/spaces/190/support/wiki/view/1473/contact-its '''IT service desk'''].<br><br>[[Image:ssh-shell-window.png|thumb|right|150px|Matrix Shell Command Line Interface ]] |
− | #If you | + | #If you entered your password correctly, the main SSH Linux shell should appear where you enter Linux commands.<br><br>The '''Matrix''' server has been configured to allow users to '''only interact with the Linux OS by issuing commands'''. There are various reasons for this, but the main 2 reasons are to '''force students to learn how to issue Linux commands''' as well as '''limitations to remote access to a graphical Linux server''' due to large number of users (students).<br><br>[[Image:ssh-settings-window.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Settings Dialog Box ]] |
− | |||
− | |||
− | You can '''configure''' | + | You can '''configure''' the SSH application to adjust elements such as the '''window size''' and '''text font type''' and text '''font size'''. We will be showing you how to configure your SSH Secure Shell Client, but the other applications can allow you to configure their settings.<br><br> |
'''Perform the Following Steps:''' | '''Perform the Following Steps:''' | ||
# Click on the '''Edit''' menu item, and then select '''Settings''' in the Edit drop-down menu.<br><br> | # Click on the '''Edit''' menu item, and then select '''Settings''' in the Edit drop-down menu.<br><br> | ||
+ | # To change the size of your shell window, under the ''Global Settings'' section, click '''Appearance'''<br><br> | ||
+ | # Change the ''window size'' both horizontal and vertical to larger values.<br><br> | ||
# To change the font size, under the ''Global Settings'' section, click '''Font'''<br><br> | # To change the font size, under the ''Global Settings'' section, click '''Font'''<br><br> | ||
# Select a larger ''font size'' and click '''OK'''<br><br> | # Select a larger ''font size'' and click '''OK'''<br><br> | ||
− | # You now should notice that you have customized your SSH shell terminal. You can use the settings screen | + | # You now should notice that you have customized your SSH shell terminal. You can use the settings screen to also change your background and text colours if you are interested in doing so.<br><br> |
− | + | # To exit your Matrix session, type the following command and press ENTER: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">exit</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You should notice that the colour of the text changes slightly when disconnected and you are unable to issue Linux commands from that window.<br><br> | |
− | # To exit your Matrix session, type the command <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">exit</span> | + | # After you have disconnected from your account, close the SSH Secure Shell Client application window.<br><br> |
− | # After you have disconnected from your account, | + | # It is recommended to repeat these steps with connecting to your Matrix account from a Seneca lab workstation until you become comfortable with the process.<br><br> |
+ | |||
+ | In the next investigation, you will learn how to issue Linux commands from the command prompt (referred to as the "shell"), learn how to get help with Linux commands, use command-line editing short cut keys, and run a program to confirm that you connected to your Matrix account in order to get marks for this online tutorial.<br><br> | ||
− | =INVESTIGATION 2: USING THE LINUX SHELL | + | =INVESTIGATION 2: USING THE LINUX SHELL = |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | In this | + | In this investigation, you will learn how to use the Linux Shell. Topics in the section include: |
− | :* Learn the '''Linux command structure''' (arguments and options) | + | :* Learn the basic '''Linux command structure''' (''arguments'' and ''options'') |
− | :* Learn how to get '''help''' for Linux commands | + | :* Learn how to get '''help''' for Linux commands via the '''online manual''' (i.e. '''man''' command). |
− | :* | + | :* Perform '''Basic Shell Editing''' |
− | :* | + | :* Issue a '''program''' to confirm that you connected to your Matrix account<br><br> |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
The Bash shell in Matrix allows you to interact with your Matrix account by issuing commands. | The Bash shell in Matrix allows you to interact with your Matrix account by issuing commands. | ||
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'''The General Linux Command Structure is as follows:'''<br><span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">command argument1 argument2 ... </span> | '''The General Linux Command Structure is as follows:'''<br><span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">command argument1 argument2 ... </span> | ||
− | Some Linux commands can be issued by entering the Linux command line without arguments (e.g. '''pwd''', '''date''', '''ls''', '''cal'''),<br>but | + | Some Linux commands can be issued by entering the Linux command line without arguments (e.g. '''pwd''', '''date''', '''ls''', '''cal'''),<br>but many Linux commands can be issued with arguments (e.g. '''cal 2002''', '''cd /bin''', '''ls -l -a /bin''' ).<br><br> |
'''What Does an Argument Represent?''' | '''What Does an Argument Represent?''' | ||
An '''argument''' can respresent: | An '''argument''' can respresent: | ||
− | :* a '''pathname''' | + | :* a '''file pathname''' |
:* a command '''option''' | :* a command '''option''' | ||
:* a series of characters (i.e. '''text''') that the command can use | :* a series of characters (i.e. '''text''') that the command can use | ||
− | An '''argument''' is <u>separated</u> from a command (or from other arguments) by a '''SPACE''', ''' | + | An '''argument''' is <u>separated</u> from a command (or from other arguments) by a '''SPACE''', '''MULTIPLE SPACES''' or a '''TAB'''.<br><br> |
'''Perform the Following Steps:''' | '''Perform the Following Steps:''' | ||
# Make certain that you are logged into your Matrix account.<br><br> | # Make certain that you are logged into your Matrix account.<br><br> | ||
− | # Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span><br><br>The output from this Linux command basically shows your '''current location''' in the Matrix server.<br>This represents a '''directory pathname''' to your home directory. We will discuss | + | # Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span><br><br>The output from this Linux command basically shows your '''current location''' in the Matrix server.<br>This represents a '''directory pathname''' to your home directory. We will discuss ''pathnames'' later in this course.<br><br> |
# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls</span><br><br>What do you notice?<br><br>If there were any files in your home directory, just their file names would be displayed.<br><br> | # Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls</span><br><br>What do you notice?<br><br>If there were any files in your home directory, just their file names would be displayed.<br><br> | ||
# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cd /bin</span><br><br> | # Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cd /bin</span><br><br> | ||
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# Issue the following Linux command to return to your home directory: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cd</span><br><br> | # Issue the following Linux command to return to your home directory: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cd</span><br><br> | ||
# Issue the following Linux command to confirm your current location: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span><br><br> | # Issue the following Linux command to confirm your current location: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span><br><br> | ||
− | # Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls /bin</span><br><br>What do you notice? What makes this command with that argument useful if you are current located in your home directory?<br><br> | + | # Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls /bin</span><br><br> |
− | # Issue a Linux command that you have already learned to confirm that you have returned to your home directory.<br><br> | + | # Issue the following Linux command to confirm your current location: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span><br><br>What do you notice?<br><br>What makes this command with that argument useful if you are current located in your home directory?<br><br> |
+ | # Issue a Linux command that you have already learned to change to your '''home''' directory<br>and to '''confirm''' that you have returned to your home directory.<br><br> | ||
# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">clear</span><br><br>What do you notice? How would this command be helpful?<br>'''FYI:''' The short-cut keys to clear the screen for the Bash shell is: <span style="font-family:courier;color:font-weight:bold">ctrl-l</span><br><br> | # Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">clear</span><br><br>What do you notice? How would this command be helpful?<br>'''FYI:''' The short-cut keys to clear the screen for the Bash shell is: <span style="font-family:courier;color:font-weight:bold">ctrl-l</span><br><br> | ||
# Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">who</span><br><br>What information does this command show?<br><br>This command lists users that are logged into the same Matrix server as yourself.<br>'''NOTE:''' Remember that the Matrix Linux cluster contains several servers, so it does not display<br>all users that are logged onto those other machines within that cluster!<br><br> | # Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">who</span><br><br>What information does this command show?<br><br>This command lists users that are logged into the same Matrix server as yourself.<br>'''NOTE:''' Remember that the Matrix Linux cluster contains several servers, so it does not display<br>all users that are logged onto those other machines within that cluster!<br><br> | ||
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'''Getting Help with Linux Commands''' | '''Getting Help with Linux Commands''' | ||
− | With the Linux OS containing over '''2500''' commands and utilities, it is good for a Linux user or sysadmin to learn about how to use commands “on-the-fly”.<br><br> | + | With the Linux OS containing over '''2500''' commands and utilities, it is good for a Linux user or <br>Linux system administrator (sysadmin) to learn about how to use commands “on-the-fly”.<br><br> |
− | The '''man''' command can provide information on how to use a command (i.e. '''usage''', '''arguments''', '''options''', '''examples''') | + | The '''man''' command can provide information on how to use a command<br>(i.e. '''command usage''', '''acceptable command arguments''', '''command options''', '''examples''').<br><br> |
− | # Issue the following command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">man man</span><br>How many | + | # Issue the following command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">man man</span><br><br>You may notice that the online manual categories commands into sections or '''numbered volumes'''.<br><br> |
+ | # Type the '''SPACE''' key to move to the next screen.<br><br>How many '''volume numbers''' are contained in the man pages (like '''executable commands''',<br>'''games''', or '''system administrator commands''')?<br><br>'''TIP:''' You can use the following '''short-cut keys''' within the man command to <br>help navigate throughout this utility to get help with the ls command (refer to table below):<br><br><table cellpadding="3"><tr><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Keyboard Shortcut</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Purpose</th></tr><tr><td>'''ENTER'''</td><td>Move down one line</td></tr><tr><td>'''SPACEBAR'''</td><td>Move one screen down</td></tr><tr><td>'''<ctrl><b>'''</td><td>Move one screen up</td></tr><tr><td>'''/pattern/'''</td><td>Search for Pattern</td></tr><tr><td>'''q'''</td><td>quit man utility</td></tr></table><br> | ||
# Press the letter <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">q</span> to exit the man command.<br><br> | # Press the letter <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">q</span> to exit the man command.<br><br> | ||
− | # Issue the following Linux command to get help with the ls command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">man ls</span><br | + | # Issue the following Linux command to get help with the ls command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">man ls</span><br><br> |
# Navigate through the man utility for the '''ls''' Linux command and note the '''option letters''' that correspond to the following descriptions:<br><ul><li>"'''use a long lising format'''"</li><li>"'''do not ignore entries starting with .'''" (i.e. hidden files)</li><li>"'''sort by file size'''"</li><li>"'''append indicator (one of */=>&|) to entries'''" (i.e. type of file)</li></ul><br> | # Navigate through the man utility for the '''ls''' Linux command and note the '''option letters''' that correspond to the following descriptions:<br><ul><li>"'''use a long lising format'''"</li><li>"'''do not ignore entries starting with .'''" (i.e. hidden files)</li><li>"'''sort by file size'''"</li><li>"'''append indicator (one of */=>&|) to entries'''" (i.e. type of file)</li></ul><br> | ||
# Exit the man utility for the ''ls'' command.<br><br> | # Exit the man utility for the ''ls'' command.<br><br> | ||
− | # Issue the '''ls''' command for <u>each</u> of those option letters you noted in '''step | + | # Issue the '''ls''' command for <u>each</u> of those option letters you noted in '''step 5''' to see how this command differs for each option.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The '''man''' utility can be used with the '''-k''' option to help list Linux commands that match a text pattern<br>that is contained within the help screen for a Linux command.<br><br> |
− | # | + | # '''Pipeline commands''' can be used to filter-out unnecessary output. In the next command that you will be issuing,<br>the output from the '''man -k''' command, is sent into the '''grep''' command to ''filter'' (i.e. ''trap'') only output that matches the pattern "8"<br>(The number "8" refers to the category of type of command - in this case, administration commands).<br><br>We will learn more about pipeline commands later in this course.<br><br> |
− | # If you wish to change your password, you can change it by issuing the command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">passwd</span><br>What option for the passwd command can be used to change user info (such as name)?<br>'''Hint:''' use the '''man''' command for '''passwd'''.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' | + | # Issue the following Linux pipeline command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">man -k user | grep 8</span><br><br>How does this ''pipeline command'' make it easier to obtain information regarding man command?<br><br> |
− | # Press the letter <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">q</span> to exit the man command.<br><br>You will now learn how to | + | # If you wish to change your password, you can change it by issuing the command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">passwd</span><br>What option for the passwd command can be used to change user info (such as name)?<br>'''Hint:''' use the '''man''' command for '''passwd'''.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' Do '''NOT''' run the ''passwd'' command. Unique for this college, your Matrix password<br>is changed automatically when you change your '''myseneca''' password.<br><br><br> |
+ | # Press the letter <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">q</span> to exit the man command.<br><br>You will now learn how to perform '''command line editing'''<br>to correct syntax errors while typing Linux commands PRIOR to pressing the ENTER key.<br><br> | ||
'''Command Line Editing''' | '''Command Line Editing''' | ||
[[Image:command-line-editing.png|thumb|right|520px|Command Line Editing Shortcut Keys. ]] | [[Image:command-line-editing.png|thumb|right|520px|Command Line Editing Shortcut Keys. ]] | ||
− | Learning '''shortcut keys''' in any OS terminal will allow you to be more productive as a ''Linux user'' | + | |
+ | |||
+ | Learning '''shortcut keys''' in any OS terminal will allow you to be more productive as a ''Linux user'' or ''Linux System Administrator'' (commonly referred to as: '''Linux sysadmin''').<br><br><br>Let's learn a few common Bash Shell keyboard shortcut keys and find out where you can access online help for additional shortcuts (if required). | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
'''Perform the Following Steps:''' | '''Perform the Following Steps:''' | ||
− | + | [[Image:meta-key.png|thumb|right|370px|To make '''alt-f''' key work, select '''Edit''' -> '''Settings''' -> '''Keyboard''', and select the checkbox '''Use ALT as Meta key (and Escape)'''.]] | |
# Type the following Linux command, but DON’T press the ''ENTER'' key:<br><span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cd /bin</span><br><br> | # Type the following Linux command, but DON’T press the ''ENTER'' key:<br><span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cd /bin</span><br><br> | ||
− | # Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-a</span> key combination. What happens?<br><br> | + | # Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-a</span> key combination. What happens?<br><br>'''NOTE:''' To make '''alt-f''' key work when use the '''GRAPHICAL Windows SSH Client application''', select '''Edit''' -> '''Settings''' -> '''Keyboard''', and select the checkbox '''Use ALT as Meta key (and Escape)'''.<br><br> |
− | # Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">alt-f</span> key combination '''two times'''<br>(OPTION+right-arrow for Mac OSx). | + | # Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">alt-f</span> key combination '''two times'''<br>(OPTION+right-arrow for Mac OSx).<br><br> |
− | + | # Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">alt-b</span> key combination '''one time'''.<br>(OPTION+left-arrow for Mac OSx).<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ctrl-b.png|thumb|right|150px|'''alt-b''' moves one word backwards for Windows OS]]</td><td>[[Image:ctrl-w.png|thumb|right|150px|'''ctrl-w''' deletes a word to <u>left</u> of the cursor.]]</td><td>[[Image:new-ls.png|thumb|right|150px|After command is deleted, then type new command and press '''ctrl-e''' to move to end of the command line.]]</td></tr></table> | |
# Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-w</span> shortcut key. What happens?<br><br> | # Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-w</span> shortcut key. What happens?<br><br> | ||
# Type the following command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls</span><br><br> | # Type the following command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls</span><br><br> | ||
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# Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">up arrow</span> key combination, and see what happens when you press <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">BACKSPACE</span> , <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold"><ctrl><BACKSPACE></span> and <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold"><ctrl><h></span>.<br>Why is it important to know those series of key combinations?<br><br> | # Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">up arrow</span> key combination, and see what happens when you press <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">BACKSPACE</span> , <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold"><ctrl><BACKSPACE></span> and <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold"><ctrl><h></span>.<br>Why is it important to know those series of key combinations?<br><br> | ||
# Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-u</span> key combination to clear the line.<br><br> | # Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-u</span> key combination to clear the line.<br><br> | ||
− | # Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-l</span> key combination. What happens? What is the advantage of using '''ctrl-u''' as opposed to '''ctrl-l'''?<br><br> | + | # Press the <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-l</span> key combination. What happens? What is the advantage of using '''ctrl-u''' as opposed to '''ctrl-l'''?<br><br>The Bash shortcut keys that you just learned are sufficient to perform Bash Shell editing.<br>Although you are NOT required to learn other short-cut keys, here is a link to a listing in case you are interested:<br>[https:// ostechnix.com/list-useful-bash-keyboard-shortcuts/ Useful Bash Shell Keyboard Shortcuts]<br><br> |
− | + | '''Running a Shell Script to Check Student Online Tutorial Participation''' | |
− | <br> | + | |
+ | Professors will require students successfully perform these online tutorials for marks (within a deadline). <br>In order to confirm that you successfully performed a tutorial, you will be required to run a program<br>(or in later tutorials, several programs) to prove that you successfully completed tasks in a tutorial and get marks. | ||
+ | |||
+ | These programs (known as Shell Scripts) will check your work and offer feedback if you made mistakes, so you can make corrections.<br>Making corrections (i.e. troubleshooting) and re-running these checking programs until you are successful will help students<br>gain "hands-on" experience as well as "trouble-shooting experience. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:script-check-1.png|thumb|right|250px|If all all check pass, then user performed can proceed.]]</td><td>[[Image:script-check-2.png|thumb|right|450px|If there is a warning, then feedback is provided to user to correct and re-run checking script.]]</td></table> | ||
+ | If you have correctly completed the required tasks, the user can proceed. If the checking shell script detects an '''error''', then it will provide feedback to allow the student to fix that problem so they can re-run the checking shell scripts until they have successfully completed a task. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Perform the Following Steps:''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | # Make certain that your current directory is '''your home directory'''<br>By entering the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">cd</span><br><br> | ||
+ | #Issue the following command to run a checking script :<br><span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">~uli101/week1-check</span><br><br>The beginning character "'''~'''" is called '''tilde'''. You get this character by pressing '''SHIFT''' + '''`'''<br>(which is the key to the left of the number 1 on your keyboard). <br><br> | ||
+ | # Your screen should clear and indicate that you have proved that you have successfully logged in.<br><br> | ||
+ | # An email will be sent to your Seneca email as '''confirmation''' in case your ULI101 professor is assigning marks to these tutorials.<br><br>Keep those confirmation email messages for the duration of this semester as proof that you have completed those checking scripts in case there is a discrepancy in tutorial grades.<br><br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!-- | ||
+ | |||
+ | NOTE: ONLINE ASSIGNMENTS ARE RETIRED AND REPLACED WITH ONLINE TUTORIALS and REVIEW QUESTIONS | ||
===Part 2: Performing Online Assignments === | ===Part 2: Performing Online Assignments === | ||
− | You are required to perform '''3 online assignments''' | + | You are required to perform '''3 online assignments''' throughout this course. This online assignment is used to teach and reinforce<br>Linux commands to gain experience for '''quizzes''', '''test 1''' (midterm) and '''test 2''' (final). |
− | In this | + | In this investigation, you will learn to: |
+ | * '''Select the correct section''' for assignment submission | ||
+ | * Perform the '''first section''' and '''3 parts of the second section''' of assignment #1 | ||
+ | * '''Verify''' that you successfully completed both sections | ||
+ | * '''Exit''' your online assignment #1. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
'''Perform the following steps:''' | '''Perform the following steps:''' | ||
[[Image:Assn-initial-window3.png|thumb|right|250px|Initial Assignment Window to Allow Student to Select Correct Course Section. ]] | [[Image:Assn-initial-window3.png|thumb|right|250px|Initial Assignment Window to Allow Student to Select Correct Course Section. ]] | ||
− | # In your Matrix account, issue the following command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier">~uli101/ | + | # In your Matrix account, issue the following command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier">~uli101/a1</span><br><br> |
− | # A screen similar to the one displayed on the right will appear.<br><br><span style="color:red;">'''WARNING''': You need to select the <u>CORRECT</u> section for the course which you belong to.<br>If you do <u>NOT</u> select your correct section, your assignment may not be recorded for marks!</span><br><br> | + | # Press '''ENTER''' at the "Notes" screen.<br><br> |
− | # Select the '''letter | + | # A screen similar to the one displayed on the right will appear.<br><br><span style="color:red;">'''WARNING''': You need to select the <u>'''CORRECT'''</u> section for the course which you belong to.<br>If you do <u>NOT</u> select your correct section, your assignment may not be recorded for marks!</span><br><br> |
+ | # Determine your '''ULI101 three-letter course section code''' from your timetable.<br><br> | ||
+ | # Select the '''3 letter code''' corresponding to the <u>correct</u> '''ULI101 <u>section</u>''' and '''professor''' and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ENTER</span><br><br> | ||
# After you have selected your course section, There will be a screen that provides several important notes before proceeding.<br>Please take a few moments to read those notes and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ENTER</span> to proceed.<br><br>[[Image:assn-section-completion.png|thumb|right|250px|Main Assignment Window to View Which Sections Need to be Completed. ]] | # After you have selected your course section, There will be a screen that provides several important notes before proceeding.<br>Please take a few moments to read those notes and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ENTER</span> to proceed.<br><br>[[Image:assn-section-completion.png|thumb|right|250px|Main Assignment Window to View Which Sections Need to be Completed. ]] | ||
− | # The assignment main menu will then be displayed.<br><br>'''NOTES:'''<ul><li>Near the bottom of the window, you will see '''"You are currently registered to"''' followed by the '''section letter''' and '''instructor name'''. Double-check your course timetable to confirm that this the correct section letter. If you have selected the WRONG section, type <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">C</span> in the menu selection area and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ENTER</span>. You will return back to the original window to select your correct course section.<br><br></li><li>Near the top of the window displays the sections to complete in the assignment. You are NOT required to complete all sections at the same time. You can check the assignment #1 link on the ULI101 main WIKI page to note the due date for assignment #1. Sections that are NOT completed will be displayed in '''reverse text with a blue background'''. On the other hand, when you compete a section, then the section will appear as regular text | + | # The assignment main menu will then be displayed.<br><br>'''NOTES:'''<ul><li>Near the bottom of the window, you will see '''"You are currently registered to"''' followed by the '''section letter''' and '''instructor name'''. Double-check your course timetable to confirm that this the correct section letter. If you have selected the WRONG section, type <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">C</span> in the menu selection area and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ENTER</span>. You will return back to the original window to select your correct course section.<br><br></li><li>Near the top of the window displays the sections to complete in the assignment. You are NOT required to complete all sections at the same time. You can check the assignment #1 link on the ULI101 main WIKI page to note the due date for assignment #1. Sections that are NOT completed will be displayed in '''reverse text with a blue background'''. On the other hand, when you compete a section, then the section will appear as regular text (i.e not in reverse text).<br><br>[[Image:assn-completed-window.png|thumb|right|250px|Main Assignment Window to Confirm Which Sections Have or Have Not Been Completed. ]]</li><li>If you want to verify that you have completed sections for the assignment, look for the text '''"Marks earned so far for ULI101 Assignment:"''' and it will show how many sections have been completed. When it shows all sections completed, then your assignment is finished and you should receive full marks provided that you have selected your correct course section.<br><br></li></ul> |
− | # At the menu | + | # At the '''Selections Available''' menu, enter <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">1</span> in the menu selection area to begin the first section called '''"Introduction to Unix Commands"'''.<br><br> |
# When you have completed this section, you will be returned to the main window.<br>View the contents of this window to confirm that you completed this section.<br><br> | # When you have completed this section, you will be returned to the main window.<br>View the contents of this window to confirm that you completed this section.<br><br> | ||
# When you have time this week, enter <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">2</span> in the menu selection area and perform the first 3 parts only<br>('''Unix Command Structure''', '''Entering and Editing Commands''', '''Using the Online Manual''').<br><br> | # When you have time this week, enter <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">2</span> in the menu selection area and perform the first 3 parts only<br>('''Unix Command Structure''', '''Entering and Editing Commands''', '''Using the Online Manual''').<br><br> | ||
# When you have completed this section, you will be returned to the main window.<br>View the contents of this window to confirm that you completed this section.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' Although you are NOT allowed to use reference sheets for course evaluations, it is recommended to create one for your personal use, and write down Linux commands, their arguments and options, so your can successfully perform quizzes, midterm exam, and final exam.<br><br> | # When you have completed this section, you will be returned to the main window.<br>View the contents of this window to confirm that you completed this section.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' Although you are NOT allowed to use reference sheets for course evaluations, it is recommended to create one for your personal use, and write down Linux commands, their arguments and options, so your can successfully perform quizzes, midterm exam, and final exam.<br><br> | ||
# In order to exit the assignment #1 screen, enter <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">q</span><br><br> | # In order to exit the assignment #1 screen, enter <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">q</span><br><br> | ||
− | # | + | # Re-run the command that you did in step #1 and go to the '''main menu'''.<br>What do you notice?<br><br>If you successfully completed the first two sections, they no longer appear in reverse video.<br>This indicates that you have completed the first two sections of this assignment (i.e. you do NOT have to save your work!).<br><br> |
# Exit your Assignment 1, and exit your Matrix session.<br><br> | # Exit your Assignment 1, and exit your Matrix session.<br><br> | ||
# Proceed to the next section to perform additional practice. Linux is about "doing"! The more practice questions you perform,<br>the better mark you will achieve for this course and have a better foundation of issuing Linux commands to be more productive in your future courses.<br><br> | # Proceed to the next section to perform additional practice. Linux is about "doing"! The more practice questions you perform,<br>the better mark you will achieve for this course and have a better foundation of issuing Linux commands to be more productive in your future courses.<br><br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | --> | ||
= LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS = | = LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS = | ||
Line 332: | Line 357: | ||
simulate a quiz: | simulate a quiz: | ||
− | https:// | + | https://github.com/ULI101/labs/raw/main/uli101_week1_practice.docx |
Your instructor may take-up these questions during class. It is up to the student to attend classes in order to obtain the answers to the following questions. Your instructor will NOT provide these answers in any other form (eg. e-mail, etc). | Your instructor may take-up these questions during class. It is up to the student to attend classes in order to obtain the answers to the following questions. Your instructor will NOT provide these answers in any other form (eg. e-mail, etc). | ||
Line 348: | Line 373: | ||
# What character(s) are used to '''separate''' commands and arguments? | # What character(s) are used to '''separate''' commands and arguments? | ||
# Create a '''table''' listing each Linux command, useful options that were mentioned in this tutorial for the following Linux commands:<br>'''pwd''' , '''cd''' , '''ls''' , '''cal''' , '''date''' , '''who''' , '''w''' , '''whoami''' , '''who am I''' , '''clear''' | # Create a '''table''' listing each Linux command, useful options that were mentioned in this tutorial for the following Linux commands:<br>'''pwd''' , '''cd''' , '''ls''' , '''cal''' , '''date''' , '''who''' , '''w''' , '''whoami''' , '''who am I''' , '''clear''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | _________________________________________________________________________________ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Author: Murray Saul | ||
+ | |||
+ | License: LGPL version 3 | ||
+ | Link: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html | ||
+ | |||
+ | _________________________________________________________________________________ | ||
+ | |||
[[Category:ULI101]] | [[Category:ULI101]] |
Revision as of 06:50, 27 June 2022
Contents
USING YOUR MATRIX SERVER ACCOUNT
Main Objectives of this Practice Tutorial
- Learn how to access your Matrix server account (from home and/or from Seneca computer lab).
- Learn several ways to exit your Matrix Linux Account session.
- Understand the Linux command structure and how to get help with Linux command usage.
- Become efficient with Linux command line editing by using short-cut keys.
- Issue a checking program (i.e. Shell Script) to confirm that you accessed your Matrix account.
- Perform LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS for additional practice
- Perform LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS for additional practice
Tutorial Reference Material
Course Notes / Software |
Linux Command/Shortcut Reference |
YouTube Videos | ||
Slides:Tutorials:Windows SSH client Software: | Matrix Account Access:
Command Line Editing: |
General Linux Commands:
|
Brauer Instructional Videos: |
KEY CONCEPTS
Purpose of Having a Matrix Linux Server Account
While attending Seneca College, you will be using many different computer systems. Some of these servers include:
my.senecacollege.ca | Learning Content Management System (Link to Resources / Student Grades / Online Quizzes) |
ict.senecacollege.ca | Online access to slides, documents via webpage links |
wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca | Student Notes / Tutorials (weekly, review) / Practice Questions / Resources |
matrix.senecacollege.ca | Linux Account for "hands-on Practice" |
Although you need to study concepts throughout this course (slides, etc.), you will also need to get hands-on practice running Linux commands as well as performing and submitting online tutorials.
This requires that you connect to a Linux server and become comfortable with issuing Linux commands.
In Unix/Linux, a shell is simply an interface to allow a user to communicate with the Linux computer system (server). Linux shells have evolved (improved) over a period of time. You will be using the Bash Shell which is considered to be user-friendly. By understanding how to issue Linux commands, you can create a file that contains Linux commands (called a shell script) later in this course to automate tasks to make you a more productive Linux user and system administrator.
Layout of the Matrix Linux Server
The Matrix server consists of several computers connected together to form a cluster.
A Linux cluster is a cost effective alternative to buying larger servers.
All registered students in this course should have an account on the Matrix server.
You will be using this account for the following reasons:
- Issuing Linux commands
- Becoming productive using the Linux command prompt (shell)
- Performing Linux Tutorials (11)
- Performing Linux Practice Questions
- Performing Review Tutorial Questions (2)
Connecting to the Seneca Student VPN
Seneca College is "rolling-out" additional measures to improve network security. One of these measures is to implement multi-factored authentication. As of September 2020, all Seneca College students are required to connect to the Seneca Student VPN in order to be able to connect to their Matrix Linux account.
Multi-factor authentication is an electronic authentication method in which a computer user is granted access to a website or application only after successfully presenting two or more pieces of evidence (or factors) to an authentication mechanism: knowledge (something the user and only the user knows). Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-factor_authentication
You should have received an email message (also available in course announcements) regarding how to setup your Smart Phone to connect and valid via the Seneca Student VPN. NOTE: If you haven't done this yet, please perform the steps provided in the following link:
https://students.senecacollege.ca/spaces/186/it-services/wiki/view/1025/student-vpn
In the next investigation, you will learn how to connect to and login to your Matrix server account from a remote computer
such as your home desktop computer, laptop or tablet computer.
Connecting to Your Matrix Account
There are two basic methods to connecting to your Matrix account:
- Method 1: Run ssh Command from command prompt:
- After connecting to the Seneca Student VPN, you can open a command terminal
in your Newer Windows 10, Mac or Linux computer and issue the following command:
ssh senecauserid@matrix.senecacollege.ca
- Method 2: Run graphical ssh program via MyApps in Seneca computer lab:
- If you are in a Seneca computer lab, you can use MyApps to run a graphical SSH application for your Windows machine. One advantage of using this method is that you are already at Seneca and are NOT required to connect to the student VPN.
NOTE: You instructor may show you how to run a graphic Linux VM in order to connect to your Matrix account (if interested, refer to the optional tutorial at the end of this semester).
INVESTIGATION 1: ACCESSING YOUR MATRIX LINUX ACCOUNT
ATTENTION: Effective May 9, 2022 - this online tutorial will be required to be completed by
Friday in week 2 by midnight to obtain a grade of 2% towards this course
In this section, you will learn how to access your Matrix Linux account by two different methods:
- From your home computer
- From a workstation in a Seneca College lab via MyApps
- From your home computer
METHOD 1: CONNECTING TO YOUR MATRIX ACCOUNT FROM YOUR HOME COMPUTER
You will now learn a quick and simple method of connecting to your Matrix account by opening
a text-based terminal (in any OS) and issuing the ssh command.
Perform the Following Steps:
- If you want to connect to your Matrix account from home, you MUST first connect to the Seneca Student VPN.
Make certain that your Seneca Student VPN is connected.
NOTE: If you haven't set this up, refer to the following link for instructions;
https://students.senecacollege.ca/spaces/186/it-services/wiki/view/1025/student-vpn
You only have to connect to your Seneca student VPN once during the day,
or while you are logged into your computer. - Determine which operating system that your computer is using.
- Try connecting to your Matrix account using the instructions in the table below based on your current operating system.
Newer Version of Windows 10: | MacOSX: | Linux: |
---|---|---|
|
|
|
- When connecting securely for the first time, a dialog box will appear to share a "public key" with your Matrix account in order to make your interaction between your workstation and the remote Linux server secure within the network (i.e. encrypted to prevent unauthorized access by other users)
FYI: To make communications over a network secure, a computer generates two keys: a private key that is kept on the computer, and a public key, which can be shared with other computers. Transmissions from your computer uses the private key to encrypt (scramble) transmission to the remote computer, which in turn, uses the public key to decrypt (unscramble) the transmission. Likewise, the remote computer uses the public key to encrypt (scramble) transmissions and your computer uses the private key to decrypt (unscramble) those transmissions. - Type yes and press ENTER to share your public key.
Next, a dialog box will appear prompting you for your Matrix account password in order to gain entry to your Matrix account.
Your Matrix password is identical to your Seneca password.
NOTE: As you type the password, the text may be hidden to prevent others from viewing your password - Enter your Seneca password and press ENTER
- You mis-spelled the name of the server
- You mis-spelled your Matrix username (same username that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)
- You have CAPS LOCK on by mistake (your username should be lowercase only).
- You mis-spelled your password (same password that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)
If you continue to experience the same problems, click on the following link for IT service desk contact info:
IT service desk. - If you entered your password correctly, the Matrix Linux shell should appear where you can enter Linux commands.
The Matrix server has been configured to allow users to only interact with the Linux OS by issuing commands.
The main reason for this is to force students to learn how to issue Linux commands. - To exit your Matrix session, type the command exit followed by ENTER
NOTE: You should notice that you are returned to the original command prompt where you issued the ssh command. - Type the same command at the command terminal prompt: exit followed by ENTER
NOTE: You should notice that the you are disconnected and that the original terminal window has automatically closed. - Try accessing your Matrix account, and then exiting your Matrix account several times to become familiar with this process.
You will now learn an alternative method to access your Matrix account (if you have an MS Windows machine)
by downloading and running a graphical SSH application.
METHOD 2: CONNECTING TO YOUR MATRIX ACCOUNT FROM SENECA COMPUTER LAB
NOTE: This section requires you have access to a Seneca computer lab on campus.
If you don't have access to a Seneca computer lab this semester, then you can skip this section
You can also connect to your Matrix server account in the Seneca Computer lab via MyApps.
One advantage of this method is that your are at the college; therefore, you do NOT have to worry about connecting to the Seneca VPN. Another advantage of using this method is to introduce you to a graphical program to allow you connect to your Matrix account as opposed to using the ssh command (shown in the previous section).
This method would also be useful if you do not have a home (notebook) computer and have access to a Seneca computer lab workstation.
MyApps (AppsAnywhere) is an application streaming service that lets you install software on any Seneca PC on demand. Any software application on the MyApps menu can be used on computers in classrooms, labs, and the Computing Commons.
Reference: https://inside.senecacollege.ca/its/software/myapps/
You will now use MyApps on your Windows workstation in your Seneca lab room to launch an application
to allow you to connect and login to your Matrix server account.
Perform the Following Steps:
- Start your workstation in your lab and login to your Seneca Windows account.
- Make certain that the MyApps window is open. This window should have opened shortly after you logged into your Windows workstation. If the application windows is not open, click on the MyApps icon on the desktop to launch).
NOTE: You may be required to validate in order to use MyApps correctly. If you see near the top of the screen "requires validation", then click on that area to connect to validate. - Click on the Search Apps area located in the top right corner of the MyApps window and type the word: ssh
- Several SSH applications will appear.
NOTE: All of these applications allow you to connect to your Matrix account.
We will use the application called SSH Secure Shell Client for this practice tutorial. - Launch the SSH Secure Shell Client application icon to launch this program.
NOTE: Prior to launching the application, you can add this to your favourites which will make it faster
to access this application in the future.
- The main SSH Client window will appear. Click on the Quick Connect button.
NOTE: The Connect dialog box allows the user to specify the server name and your account name
to allow you to connect to the server. - Click on the textbox labelled Hostnanme and enter the text: matrix
NOTE: You can use the hostname matrix since you are located inside Seneca's network.
If you where located outside Seneca's network, then you would need to enter the full domain name: matrix.senecac.on.ca - When connecting securely for the first time, a dialog box will appear to share a "public key" with your Matrix account in order to make your interaction between your workstation and the remote Linux server secure within the network (i.e. encrypted to prevent unauthorized access by other users)
FYI: To make communications over a network secure, a computer generates two keys: a private key that is kept on the computer, and a public key, which can be shared with other computers. Transmissions from your computer uses the private key to encrypt (scramble) transmission to the remote computer, which in turn, uses the public key to decrypt (unscramble) the transmission. Likewise, the remote computer uses the public key to encrypt (scramble) transmissions and your computer uses the private key to decrypt (unscramble) those transmissions. - Click the Yes button to share your public key.
- Next, a dialog box will appear prompting you for your Matrix account password in order to gain entry to your Matrix account. Your Matrix password is identical to your Seneca password. As you type the password, the text will be blocked-out or hidden to prevent others from viewing the screen to obtain your password
- Enter your password and click OK or press ENTER
- Click OK or press ENTER at the Authentication Response dialog box.
NOTE: If you encounter an error message, this can occur for several reasons:- You mis-spelled the name of the server
- You mis-spelled your Matrix username (same username that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)
- You have CAPS LOCK on by mistake (your username should be lowercase only).
- You mis-spelled your password (same password that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)
If you continue to experience the same problems, click on the following link for IT service desk contact info:
IT service desk. - If you entered your password correctly, the main SSH Linux shell should appear where you enter Linux commands.
The Matrix server has been configured to allow users to only interact with the Linux OS by issuing commands. There are various reasons for this, but the main 2 reasons are to force students to learn how to issue Linux commands as well as limitations to remote access to a graphical Linux server due to large number of users (students).
You can configure the SSH application to adjust elements such as the window size and text font type and text font size. We will be showing you how to configure your SSH Secure Shell Client, but the other applications can allow you to configure their settings.
Perform the Following Steps:
- Click on the Edit menu item, and then select Settings in the Edit drop-down menu.
- To change the size of your shell window, under the Global Settings section, click Appearance
- Change the window size both horizontal and vertical to larger values.
- To change the font size, under the Global Settings section, click Font
- Select a larger font size and click OK
- You now should notice that you have customized your SSH shell terminal. You can use the settings screen to also change your background and text colours if you are interested in doing so.
- To exit your Matrix session, type the following command and press ENTER: exit
NOTE: You should notice that the colour of the text changes slightly when disconnected and you are unable to issue Linux commands from that window. - After you have disconnected from your account, close the SSH Secure Shell Client application window.
- It is recommended to repeat these steps with connecting to your Matrix account from a Seneca lab workstation until you become comfortable with the process.
In the next investigation, you will learn how to issue Linux commands from the command prompt (referred to as the "shell"), learn how to get help with Linux commands, use command-line editing short cut keys, and run a program to confirm that you connected to your Matrix account in order to get marks for this online tutorial.
INVESTIGATION 2: USING THE LINUX SHELL
In this investigation, you will learn how to use the Linux Shell. Topics in the section include:
- Learn the basic Linux command structure (arguments and options)
- Learn how to get help for Linux commands via the online manual (i.e. man command).
- Perform Basic Shell Editing
- Issue a program to confirm that you connected to your Matrix account
The Bash shell in Matrix allows you to interact with your Matrix account by issuing commands.
The General Linux Command Structure is as follows:
command argument1 argument2 ...
Some Linux commands can be issued by entering the Linux command line without arguments (e.g. pwd, date, ls, cal),
but many Linux commands can be issued with arguments (e.g. cal 2002, cd /bin, ls -l -a /bin ).
What Does an Argument Represent?
An argument can respresent:
- a file pathname
- a command option
- a series of characters (i.e. text) that the command can use
An argument is separated from a command (or from other arguments) by a SPACE, MULTIPLE SPACES or a TAB.
Perform the Following Steps:
- Make certain that you are logged into your Matrix account.
- Issue the following Linux command: pwd
The output from this Linux command basically shows your current location in the Matrix server.
This represents a directory pathname to your home directory. We will discuss pathnames later in this course. - Issue the following Linux command: ls
What do you notice?
If there were any files in your home directory, just their file names would be displayed. - Issue the following Linux command: cd /bin
- Issue the following Linux command to confirm your current location: pwd
- Issue the following Linux command: ls
What do you notice? - Issue the following Linux command using an option: ls -l
What do you notice?
The -l option with the ls command provides a detailed ("long") listing of files providing more information on a separate line for each file. - Issue the following Linux command to return to your home directory: cd
- Issue the following Linux command to confirm your current location: pwd
- Issue the following Linux command: ls /bin
- Issue the following Linux command to confirm your current location: pwd
What do you notice?
What makes this command with that argument useful if you are current located in your home directory? - Issue a Linux command that you have already learned to change to your home directory
and to confirm that you have returned to your home directory. - Issue the following Linux command: clear
What do you notice? How would this command be helpful?
FYI: The short-cut keys to clear the screen for the Bash shell is: ctrl-l - Issue the following Linux command: who
What information does this command show?
This command lists users that are logged into the same Matrix server as yourself.
NOTE: Remember that the Matrix Linux cluster contains several servers, so it does not display
all users that are logged onto those other machines within that cluster! - Issue the following Linux command: whoami
What does this command display? What do you think is the purpose of this command? - Issue the following Linux command: cal
What is the purpose of this command? - Issue the following Linux command: cal 2021
What is the purpose of this command using this argument? - Issue the following Linux command: cal 2 2021
What is the purpose of this command using those two numbers as arguments?
Getting Help with Linux Commands
With the Linux OS containing over 2500 commands and utilities, it is good for a Linux user or
Linux system administrator (sysadmin) to learn about how to use commands “on-the-fly”.
The man command can provide information on how to use a command
(i.e. command usage, acceptable command arguments, command options, examples).
- Issue the following command: man man
You may notice that the online manual categories commands into sections or numbered volumes. - Type the SPACE key to move to the next screen.
How many volume numbers are contained in the man pages (like executable commands,
games, or system administrator commands)?
TIP: You can use the following short-cut keys within the man command to
help navigate throughout this utility to get help with the ls command (refer to table below):Keyboard Shortcut Purpose ENTER Move down one line SPACEBAR Move one screen down <ctrl><b> Move one screen up /pattern/ Search for Pattern q quit man utility - Press the letter q to exit the man command.
- Issue the following Linux command to get help with the ls command: man ls
- Navigate through the man utility for the ls Linux command and note the option letters that correspond to the following descriptions:
- "use a long lising format"
- "do not ignore entries starting with ." (i.e. hidden files)
- "sort by file size"
- "append indicator (one of */=>&|) to entries" (i.e. type of file)
- Exit the man utility for the ls command.
- Issue the ls command for each of those option letters you noted in step 5 to see how this command differs for each option.
NOTE: The man utility can be used with the -k option to help list Linux commands that match a text pattern
that is contained within the help screen for a Linux command. - Pipeline commands can be used to filter-out unnecessary output. In the next command that you will be issuing,
the output from the man -k command, is sent into the grep command to filter (i.e. trap) only output that matches the pattern "8"
(The number "8" refers to the category of type of command - in this case, administration commands).
We will learn more about pipeline commands later in this course. - Issue the following Linux pipeline command: man -k user | grep 8
How does this pipeline command make it easier to obtain information regarding man command? - If you wish to change your password, you can change it by issuing the command: passwd
What option for the passwd command can be used to change user info (such as name)?
Hint: use the man command for passwd.
NOTE: Do NOT run the passwd command. Unique for this college, your Matrix password
is changed automatically when you change your myseneca password. - Press the letter q to exit the man command.
You will now learn how to perform command line editing
to correct syntax errors while typing Linux commands PRIOR to pressing the ENTER key.
Command Line Editing
Learning shortcut keys in any OS terminal will allow you to be more productive as a Linux user or Linux System Administrator (commonly referred to as: Linux sysadmin).
Let's learn a few common Bash Shell keyboard shortcut keys and find out where you can access online help for additional shortcuts (if required).
Perform the Following Steps:
- Type the following Linux command, but DON’T press the ENTER key:
cd /bin - Press the ctrl-a key combination. What happens?
NOTE: To make alt-f key work when use the GRAPHICAL Windows SSH Client application, select Edit -> Settings -> Keyboard, and select the checkbox Use ALT as Meta key (and Escape). - Press the alt-f key combination two times
(OPTION+right-arrow for Mac OSx). - Press the alt-b key combination one time.
(OPTION+left-arrow for Mac OSx). - Press the ctrl-w shortcut key. What happens?
- Type the following command: ls
- Press the ctrl-e key combination
What happens? - Press the ENTER key to execute the command.
- Press the up arrow key. What happens?
- Press the ctrl-u key combination. What happens?
- Press the up arrow key combination, and see what happens when you press BACKSPACE , <ctrl><BACKSPACE> and <ctrl><h>.
Why is it important to know those series of key combinations? - Press the ctrl-u key combination to clear the line.
- Press the ctrl-l key combination. What happens? What is the advantage of using ctrl-u as opposed to ctrl-l?
The Bash shortcut keys that you just learned are sufficient to perform Bash Shell editing.
Although you are NOT required to learn other short-cut keys, here is a link to a listing in case you are interested:
[https:// ostechnix.com/list-useful-bash-keyboard-shortcuts/ Useful Bash Shell Keyboard Shortcuts]
Running a Shell Script to Check Student Online Tutorial Participation
Professors will require students successfully perform these online tutorials for marks (within a deadline).
In order to confirm that you successfully performed a tutorial, you will be required to run a program
(or in later tutorials, several programs) to prove that you successfully completed tasks in a tutorial and get marks.
These programs (known as Shell Scripts) will check your work and offer feedback if you made mistakes, so you can make corrections.
Making corrections (i.e. troubleshooting) and re-running these checking programs until you are successful will help students
gain "hands-on" experience as well as "trouble-shooting experience.
If you have correctly completed the required tasks, the user can proceed. If the checking shell script detects an error, then it will provide feedback to allow the student to fix that problem so they can re-run the checking shell scripts until they have successfully completed a task.
Perform the Following Steps:
- Make certain that your current directory is your home directory
By entering the following Linux command:
cd - Issue the following command to run a checking script :
~uli101/week1-check
The beginning character "~" is called tilde. You get this character by pressing SHIFT + `
(which is the key to the left of the number 1 on your keyboard). - Your screen should clear and indicate that you have proved that you have successfully logged in.
- An email will be sent to your Seneca email as confirmation in case your ULI101 professor is assigning marks to these tutorials.
Keep those confirmation email messages for the duration of this semester as proof that you have completed those checking scripts in case there is a discrepancy in tutorial grades.
LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS
The purpose of this section is to obtain extra practice to help with quizzes, your midterm, and your final exam.
Here is a link to the MS Word Document of ALL of the questions displayed below but with extra room to answer on the document to simulate a quiz:
https://github.com/ULI101/labs/raw/main/uli101_week1_practice.docx
Your instructor may take-up these questions during class. It is up to the student to attend classes in order to obtain the answers to the following questions. Your instructor will NOT provide these answers in any other form (eg. e-mail, etc).
Review Questions:
- What is a “Linux Cluster”? What is an advantage of using a Linux cluster?
- List three unique server names at Seneca college and briefly explain the purpose of that server.
- List the steps to connect and login to your Matrix Seneca College account on your laptop or your home computer.
- List alternative methods to connect to your Matrix account, including if you have an Apple Mac computer or are running the Linux operating system.
- List 3 unique ways to log-out of your Matrix account (not including closing the SSH window or application).
- What is the difference between a Linux command and an argument?
- What is the purpose of a Linux command option?
- What character(s) are used to separate commands and arguments?
- Create a table listing each Linux command, useful options that were mentioned in this tutorial for the following Linux commands:
pwd , cd , ls , cal , date , who , w , whoami , who am I , clear
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Author: Murray Saul
License: LGPL version 3 Link: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html
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